정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

3-Phenyl-4-Nitrosydone의 전기화학적 연구

金日光,金潤根,韓順鍾 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1989 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.3

Aretonitrile 용액중에서 3-phenyl-4-nitrosydnone의 전기화학적 환원을 direct current,differential Pulse polarography, cyclic voltammetry 그리고 controlled potential coulometry 방법으로연구하였다. Phenyl-N 단일 결합의 분리 이전에 nitro 기능기의 비가역적 전자전달-화학반응(EC)기구의 진행으로 다전자 이동에 의한 amino(또는 hydroxylamino)기를 형성하고, 높은 음전위 영역에서 제 2,3 비가역성 환원파의 일전자전달-화학반응에 의한 phenyl hydrazine을 생성하였다. 음극 반파 전위들은 cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide의 억제효과에 의해 음의 값으로 이동하였고한편, sodium lauryl sulfate micelle은 높은 음전위 영역에서 제 2,3 환원파의 가역성산화 peaks를보였다. An electrochemical reduction on the 3-phenyl-4-nitrosydnone in acetonitrile solu-tion has been studied by direct current, differential pulse polarography, cyclic voltammetry andcontrolled potential coulometry. Before the cleavage of phenyl-N single bond a irreversible elect-ron transfer-chemical reaction(EC) mechanism of nitro fuctional group proceeded to form amino(or-hydroxylamino) group by multielectron transfer whick is followed to give phenyl hydrazineby single electron transfer-chemica1 reaction at the 2nd and 3rd irreversible reduction wave of highnegative potential region. The cathodic half-wave potentials shown to be shift negative due toinhibitory effect of cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide micelle whi1e reversible anodic peaks onthe 2nd and 3rd reduction waves in the presence of NaLS at high negative potential region.

물과 Micelle 용액에서 Benzaldehyde의 전기화학적 환원에 대한 연구

金日光,金潤根,金峯元,印權植 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.3

The electrochemical reduction of benzaldehyde in 10% ethanol-water solution contained surfactants has been studied by direct current (DC) differential pulse (DP) polarography, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled potential coulometry (CPC). A totally irreversible electrode reaction processes of benzaldehyde reduction proceeded by one electron transfer to form anion radical which undergoes both protonation and a second one electron reduction to give benzyl alcohol as a major product. The cathodic reduction wave was seperated by inhibition of sodium lauryl sulfate due to selectivity and effect of anionic charged micelle. The possible reduction mechanism with controlled pH range was suggested.

비수용액에서 Co(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin의 전기 화학적 연구

金日光,金潤根 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1985 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.1

The electrochemical behavior of Co(Ⅱ)-tetraphenylporphyrin at a static mercury drop electrode in a nonaqueous solution has been examined by DC polarography, DP polarography, cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry. The polarographic data showed well diffusion controlled reduction process of three-electron transfer in three reduction steps. But, the cyclovoltammetric results showed four reduction steps in electrode reaction. The reduction waves shown to be three reversible electron transfer and one irreversible electron transfer reduction. The possible mechanism on the electrochemical reduction of Co(Ⅱ)-tetraphenylporphyrin was suggested.

준비운동과 정리운동이 수영에서의 혈액내 젖산농도 및 심박수에 미치는 영향

김원현,김광회,김도윤 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of warming up in swimming on Lactate Density which makes man be exhausted. And this study is to analyze the effect of cooling down in removing Lactate and the relation with heartrate. The test was practiced in the swimming pool of H University and 14 university students, who has two years experience in swimming and are healthy, were selected for this study. Seven students were warming up and cooling down group and seven were other group. Warming up and cooling down was done 15minutes. This exercise was done 5minutes swimming and 1minutes rest during twenty minutes. The measurement of Lactate and heartrate was conducted stable period, right after warming period and exercise period of body per 5minutes (3times). Just after exercise, cooling down and restoration period per 5minutes (3times), the measurement was conducted. And after cooling down(after 35minutes), the measurement was practiced. The average and standard deviation were conducted on each analysis part. The average difference between groups was analyzed by Two-way ANOVA. The difference in group was examined by Bonferroni test at the p<.05 level of significant. The results as follows 1. Warming up 1). Just after warming up, each group's lactate amount in blood has significant change (P<.05). 2). Just after warming up, lOminutes exercise, 15minutes exercise and 20minutes, each group's heartrate has significant change.(p<.001, p<.01, p<.05, p<.01) 3). All groups have significant change on the lactate and heartrate through exercise (p<.05, p<.01, p<.001). 2. Cooling down 1). After cooling down, each group's lactate amount in blood has no significant change. 2). Each group's heartrate has significant change just after cooling down after 5minutes and 10 minutes(p<.01, p<.05). 3). All groups have significant change on the lactate and heartrate through restoration period(p<.05, p<.01, p<.001).

수용액에서 연료용 수소를 얻기 위한 MgFe_2O_4 광반도성 전극의 제조와 특성에 대하여

김일광,이홍,최창진,김윤근,천현자 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1987 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.2

In the light of the rarity of p-type semiconducting oxides and the unusual properties of the magnesium-iron-oxygen system, it is worthwhile to examine the solied state and photoelectrochemical properties of these materials more closely. This work presented an investigation of the preparation and characterization of magnesium-substituted ironoxid ceramics. Sintered discs of magnesium substituted ironoxides were prepared by conventional powder state mixing techniques. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy experiments showed that these materials are multiphase, containing both MgFe_2O_4 corundum phase and a spinel phase. More important, photoelectrochemical experiments using the ceramic discs as photoelectrodes showed both cathodic photocurrents and anodic photocurrents under illumination. Photochemical and electrochemcal techniques have been used to show that the inhomogeneities of these materials in the near surface region may be related to the photoelectrochemical properties of the magnesium substituted ironoxide bi-type photoelectrodes.

천마의 항 불안 효과

김여환,최형철,손의동,이광윤,김원준,박형배,하정희 대한생물치료정신의학회 1996 생물치료정신의학 Vol.2 No.2

천마(Gastrodia elata Blume)의 근경을 말린 것은 한방에서 오래전부터 여러 형태의 간질발작 치료 목적으로 이용되어지고 있었으나 어떤 활성물질에 의해 또 어떤 작용 기전을 통해 약리작용을 나타내는지를 충분하게 설명하지 못하고 있다. 최근 항경련 작용기전 연구 결과 천마추출물의 GABA성 신경전달계에 대한 조절작용과 관련이 있을 것이라는 연구 결과가 보고되었으며, 소량으로도 뇌억제 및 진정작용이 있다는 문헌을 참고하여 볼 때 천마의 항불안 작용 가능성이 시사되었다. 이에 본 연구를 통하여 천마를 사용하여 실험동물에서 항불안 작용을 검색하고 그 작용기전의 일부를 밝히고자 항불안작용 기전에 중요한 benzodiazepine 수용체와의 상호작용을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 천마 추출물의 경구 장기투여는 생쥐의 elevated plus maze 검사에서 개방 통로에로의 진입 및 개방통로에서의 체류시간을 증가시킴으로써 항불안 효과를 나타내었다. 천마의 에탄올 추출물은 benzodiazepine수용체 길항제인 [³H] Ro15-1788결합을 억제하였으며, 천마 추출물은 [³H] Ro15-1788의 수용체 결합에 대한 최대 결합력(Bmax)은 변화시키지 않고, 친화력(affinity)을 감소시킴으로써 상경적인 결합 양상을 나타내었다. 또 천마의 에탄올 추출물은 benzodiazepine 수용체의 효현제인 flunitrazepam의 수용체 결합반응을 억제시켰는데, 이러한 억제는 GABA 존재하에서 항진되는 것을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 천마의 에탄올추출물 내에는 항불안작용을 나타내는 성분이 함유되어 있을 가능성을 예상케한다. Gastrodia elata Blume is a medicinal plant which has been used as anticonvulsant in oriental medicine, and has been used as sedatives. A survey of the relevant literature has indicated that the putative anxiolytic activity of G.elata Bl. has not been scientifically investigated. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess anxiolytic property and interaction with benzodiazepine receptor of G. elata BI. The putative anxiolytic activity of ethanol extract of G. elata BI. was performed in mice using an elevated plus maze paradigm. Chronic oral administration of G. elata BI. showed anxiolytic action in mice. It was suggested that regulation of GABAergic neurotarnsmission may be important in the action of G. elata BI. The interaction of G. elata BI. with benzodiazepine receptor was investigated using rat cortices. Ethanol extract of G. elata inhibited the binding of [³H] Ro15-1788, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist to benzodiazepine receptor. The inhibition of [³H] Ro15-1788 binding by G. elata BI. appeared to be competitive. Further, GABA significantly enhanced the potency of this extract in inhibiting [³H] flunitrazepam, a selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. From these findings, it can be concluded that substance or substances with neurochemical properties characteristic of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may contribute to the anxiolytic property of G. elata BI.

Chromium(Ⅲ)의 전기화학적 환원에 관한 연구

김일광,김윤근,김세봉 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1987 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.1

The electrochemical reduction of chromium(Ⅲ)in 1×10exp(-1)M sodium perchlorate and 1×10exp(-2)M sulfuric acid aqueous solution has been examined by polarography and cyclic voltammetry. The cyclovoltammetric results showed quasirreversible electrode processes that reduction of chromium(Ⅲ) proceeds by two electron transfer at first reduction step and second reduction step of one electron transfer followed to form chromium metallic state although the direct current polarogram shown to be a three electron transfer process in one reduction step. The height of reduction wave was suppresed and strongly shifted to the more negative potential in cationic surfactant(CTABr), nonionic surfactant triton x-100 and EDTA effects. In anionic surfactant NaLS solution, the height was increased while the half-wave potential shifted to the height negative potential.

3-Phenyl-4-nitrosydnone의 전기화학적 연구

金日光,金潤根 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1986 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.5 No.2

An electrochemical reduction on the 3-phenyl-4-nitrosydnone in acetonitrile solution has been studied by direct current differential pulse polarography, cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry. Before the cleavage of phengl-N single bond a reversible electron transferchemical reaction (EC) mechanism of nitro functional group proceeded to form amino (orhydroxylamino) group by multielectron transfer which is followed to give phenyl glycine (or phenyl hydrazine) by single electron transfer-chemical reaction at the 2nd and 3rd irreversible reduction wave of high negative potential region. The cathodic half-wave potentials shown to be negative shift due to inhibition effect of cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide micelle while the sodium lauryl sulfate micelle showed reversible anodic peaks on the 2nd, 3rd reduction waves at high negative potential region.

矮性사과의 몇가지 養苗方法이 사과 苗의 地上部 및 根系發育에 미치는 影響

金容九,高光出 서울大學校 農科大學 1978 서울대농학연구지 Vol.3 No.1

In this experiment the methods of raising good dwarf apple nursery tree were compared and the results obtained were as follows; 1. The practical time limit for green wood grafting of M26 dwarf rootstock on apple seedling during summer of the seeded year has been determined as by July 3rd by successive grafting test of 15 days intervals from July 3rd to August 18th. During this period, the earlier the time of grafting, the larger the shoot growth of the scion (dwarf rootstock) was. 2. The practical time limit for green wood grafting of Fuji apple scion on M26 rootstock which had been hard wood grafted on apple seedling in early April of the second year from seedling has been determined as by June 27th by successive grafting test bi-weekly intervals from June 13th to August 22nd. During this period, the earlier the time of graftinfm the larger the shoot growth of the Fuki scion was. 3. A quality maiden apple tree with rooted dwarf rootstock which could be planted after cutting off the apple seedling part by the end of the second year from seeding has been developed through the following methods of raising; a. Seeding apple seed in spot by late March, b. Green wood grafting of dwarf apple root stock on apple seedling by early July in same year. c. Mounding up to about 3/4 of the dwarf rootstock by late March following year, d. Hard wood grafting of commercial apple variety on dwarf rootstock by early April. Also, a fully own-rooted and feathered apple nursery tree was raised until the end of the 3rd year from seeding through above methods. 4. During the raising period of the dwarf apple nursery trees, the non-transplanted one had greater number of own roots from dwarf rootstock part and larger fresh weight compared to the transplanted one. 5. When green wood graft in producing dwarf apple nursery tree was made between July 18th and August 3rd, the buds of late grafted one broke earlier and the duration of bud break was shorter than the early grafted one. The buds of non-transplanted dwarf apple nursery tree broke earlier than the tranaplanted one and the duration of bud break was shorter than the transplanted one. Also, the buds of fall transplanted one broke earlier and the duration of bud break was shorter than the spring transplanted one. 6. During the two years of raising period of dwarf apple nursery tree from seeding, comparisons of the transplanted one to the non-transplanted one and the late green wood grafted one to the early green wood grafted one were made in chemical compositions and cold hardiness. The transplanted one or the late grafted one had a tendency of lower total carbohydrate and higher percentage of N, Ca, Mg contents in shoot and leaf. The transplanted one and late grafted one showed lower cold hardiness of shoot than the non-transplanted one and the early grafted one, respectively