정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

스포츠센터 운영을 위한 마케팅전략 분석 : 성인여성회원을 중심으로

김미정,김병주,정철규,박충일 龍仁大學校 2000 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

Administrative plan and execution should be premised exact analysis of customer background and customer behavior. This means profits of customer are promoted by satisfying their need and desire, and that results in development and success of this business. The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of adult women members who are useful for making marketing strategy of commercial sports center. We had conclusions as follows : 1.The main motivation of using the sports facilities is advertising paper(54.3%) and frequency of using them is swimming pool(38.4%), aerobic(36.4%), fitness center(36.4%). It is revealed necessary facilities are swimming pool(17.3%), exercise prescription room(16.4%), resting room(12.7%) by the subjects of this study. 2.The results of correlation efficiency between choosing factors and individual tendency are the old prefer facility level and highly educated prefer location and excellent instructor. 3.The users satisfied with facility, equipment, exercise implement, parking lot, shower and locker room but dissatisfied with resting room, restaurant and store. Provided incident facilities to these, it would bring about efficiency and profit. 4.In terms of facilities satisfaction, the results of regression showed significant difference in equipment, exercise implement, shower and locker room. 5.In terms of program satisfaction, the results of regression showed significant difference in diversity of the program and properly instruction time. 6.In terms of staffs and instructors satisfaction, the results of regression showed significant difference in ability, attitude, method and responsibility of instructor and kindness of staffs.

방송광고 심의제도에 대한 상호지향성 연구 : 광고주·심의기구·소비자 단체 간 비교 분석

김봉철,조병량,이병관 한국방송광고공사 2004 광고연구 Vol.0 No.62

본 연구는 Chaffee와 McLeod의 상호지향성(coorientation) 모델을 한 단계 확장하여 방송광고 심의의 주요 행위자인 광고인-심의기구-소비자 단체 사이의 방송광고 심의에 관한 갈등의 폭을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 방송광고 심의에 관한 8개의 설문항목을 선정하여 광고인 58명, 심의기구 52명, 소비자 단체 54명을 대상으로 조사를 실시한 뒤 t-test를 실시했다. 연구결과‘객관적 일치도 1’,‘ 객관적 일치도 2’,‘ 객관적 일치도 3’모두에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 한편,‘ 주관적 일치도 1’,‘ 주관적 일치도 2’,‘ 주관적 일치도 3’에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈으나,‘ 주관적 일치도 4’,‘ 주관적 일치도 5’, ‘주관적 일치도 6’에서는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로‘정확도 2’,‘ 정확도 3’,‘ 정확도 4’,‘ 정확도 5’,‘ 정확도 6’에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으나‘정확도 1’에서는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과가 의미하는 것은 방송광고 심의에 대해 아직도 광고인, 심의기구, 소비자 단체 간에 상호 이해도가 부족한 부분이 많은 것으로 나타나 앞으로 이에 대한 보완책이 시급한 것으로 나타났다. To examine the conflicts caused by the deliberation system of broadcasting advertising among advertisers, consumers, and deliberators, this study attempted to apply Chaffee and McLeod’s coorientational approach to the deliberation system of broadcasting advertising. Using questionnaires developed based on eight areas about broadcasting advertising deliberation, the data from 58 advertising practitioners, 54 consumers, and 52 deliberators were collected and analyzed. The findings showed significant differences in perceived ‘agreement 1’, ‘agreement 2’ and ‘agreement 3’ about the deliberation system. In terms of congruence, there were statistically significant differences in ‘congruence 1’, ‘congruence 2’ and ‘congruence 3’ . In contrast, no significant differences in ‘congruence 4’, ‘congruence 5’, and ‘congruence 6’ about the deliberation system were found. In terms of accuracy, there were statistically significant differences in ‘accuracy 2’, ‘accuracy 3’, ‘accuracy 4’, ‘accuracy 5’, and ‘accuracy 6’ about the deliberation system. However, no significant difference in ‘accuracy 1’ about the deliberation system was found.

도심지 하수관거의 I/I 및 CSOs 특성

김병욱,최승철,원철희,임재명 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2003 석재연 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구에서는 도심지 하수관거의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 원주시를 대상으로 수질 및 유량 조사를 통하여 기존 하수관거의 침입수/유입수(I/I) 분석 및 하수관거 정비사업시 우선순위 결정을 위한 자료제공과 강우시 CSOs의 발생특성을 분석, 결과를 고찰하였다. 그 결과 원주시의 조사지점별 평균 BOD는 원주하수종말 처리장 설계기준과 비교하여볼 때 26.O~60.7%로 매우 낮게 배출되는 것으로 조사되었으며, 평가기법에 의한 원주시 도심지역의 I/I율은 평균하수량의 35.7~74.6%로 매우 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 강우시 발생하는 CSOs는 배수유역의 크기와 강우량, 강우강도, 차집용량에 따라 큰 유량차이를 보였으며, CSOs의 수질분석결과 강우초반부 초기세척(First-flush)현상으로 수질이 급격히 상승하였다가 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, CSOs의 BOD부하를 살펴보면 일평균 BOD부하의 18.7~38.5%이상으로 인근수역으로 미처리되어 배출되는 것으로 조사되었다. 이와같이 하수관거의 I/I율과 CSOs의 발생특성은 조사지점의 특성에 따라 큰 차이가 있으므로 관거정비사업시 이에 대한 충분한 조사 및 분석이 이루어져야 할 것이다. Infiltration/Inflow(I/I) is the major deterrent to the successful performance of the sewer and the treatment systems. An excessive I/I in a sanitary sewer system can hydraulically overload the sewer lines and the wastewater treatment plants and combined sewer overflows(CSOs) are untreated wastewater during storm events. The characteristics of the CSOs are extremely variable, depending upon local physical conditions such as topography, soil conditions, degree of development and imperviousness of surface. As a result of the flow rate and water quality monitoring, biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) concentration was significantly low as 26.0-60.7% of 173mg/L which is a design standard of wastewater treatment plant. I/I rate of sewer in the center of Wonju city evaluated by assessment method was very high as 35.7-74.6% of total flow. Furthermore, 18.7-385% of BOD load of CSOs during wet weather was discharged into watershed with being untreated. As stated above, I/I running into sewer system should be considered before everything when sewer system is improved and CSOs generated during wet weather should be necessarily deliberated for design of water treatment plant and improvement of sewer system.

메탈라스와 와이어메쉬로 횡구속된 철근 콘크리트 기둥의 내력 및 연성에 관한 연구

김병철,이우진,정덕우,윤승조,김성수,한천구 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

Generally, transverse steel in reinforced concrete column serves the three-fold function of confining the compressed concrete, preventing lateral buckling of the longitudinal reinforcing steel, and acting as shear reinforcement. However, the amount of confining steel required in the form of rectangular hoops is still argument. This paper summarizes the results of an experimental program where 10 short columns with compressive strength 21MPa are designed with variable lateral confinements such as Metal Lath and Wire Mesh were tested under monotonic axial compression to failure. The columns were 300mm square and 750mm high. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ductility and strength of columns with variable lateral confinement. Test results indicate that specimen confined by metal lath and hoop, and wire mesh and hoop show 1.89 times ductility than NO.I specimen using hoop only. However, effect of lateral confinement by metal lath and wire mesh is how or same than NO.I specimen in maximum strength.

쇄석말뚝(CSP)의 압밀거동특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김유철,김병일,박용원 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Crushed Stone Pile(CSP) is one of the ground improvement methods and is suitable for soft clays or loose silty sands. CSP has proven successful in increasing bearing capacity, reducing settlements, increasing time rate of consolidation. In this study several model tests were performed to evaluate the stress concentration ratio and the consolidation behaviour characteristics of CSP relevant to the area replacement ratio. Two rectangular model tanks(1.0m×1.0m×1.0× & 1.5m×1.5m×1.2m) are used and area replacement ration of 20%, 30%, 40%, are applied in the model tests. The results of model tests are compared with the model test results of SCP performed previously.

여드름 환자에서 adapalene 겔과 tretinoin 크림의 split-face 비교 연구

김영조,선정우,정병수,최규철 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

Background : Adapalene is a new synthetic naphtholic acid derivative with potent retinoid and antiinflammatory properties, developed for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. Objective : This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.1% adapalene gel with tretinoin cream(0.025% and 0.05%) in the treatment of grade I to V facial acne vulgaris. Methods : Forty acne patient volunteers were enrolled in this investigatormasked, left-right comparison, randomized, controlled, intraindividual study. 0.1% adapalene gel and tretinoin cream(0.025% or 0.05%) were applied once a day to one halfface by the volunteers for 30 consecutive days. Efficacy and cutaneous tolerance were accessed at baseline and week 1, 2, 3, and 4. Efficacy was determined by investigator counts of inflammatory papules and pustules, and non-inflammatory open and closed comedones, as well as global improvement. Clinical signs(erythema, desquamation, dryness) and subjective symptoms(pruritus, burning) were evaluated and scored weekly. Result : 0.1% Adapalene gel was more effective in treating acne lesions than tretinoin cream(p<0.05). Cutaneous side effect was limited to a mild retinoid dermatitis occurring in all treatment groups. However, patients treated with adapalene gel tolerated this therapy significantly better than those treated with tretinoin cream. Conclusion : 0.1% adapalene gel applied once daily was significantly more effective in reducing acne lesions and was better tolerated than tretinoin cream in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

인터넷 의료상담에 관한 분석 및 연구

김영조,박홍표,정병수,최규철 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.1

Background and Objectives: Telemedicine uses computer and telecommunication technologies to provide medical information and services. Telemedicine can be useful in any situation in which there is a physical barrier between the doctor and the patient. We analyzed medical consultations from Chosun University Hospital is home page (http://hosp.chosun.ac.kr) to find problems on the home page and to offer high quality medical information services. Methods : We collected 544 queries of medical consultation on our home page from May 1998 to May 1999. From medical consultation data on the internet web site of Chosun University Hospital, consulted documents were analyzed with regard to medical department, patients’ age, consultation by attorney, and dermatologic consultations. Results : The telemedicine system is a relatively satisfactory method to both patients and physicians due to easier access and almost rea1-time medical consultation through the world wide web. But several problems should be solved to provide a more effective and lawful telemedicine environment. Conclusion : As a consequence to analyzed medical consultations on our home page, there were several problems in our store-and-forwarding system. To establish an effective telemedicine system, we have to prepare protocols to receive sufficient information and patients have to send digital images to make help an accurate diagnosis. Also problems of liability, reimbursement and coordinated national policy need to be solved.

수도권 지역 개신교인, 불교인, 천주교인의 종교적 내재성(immanence) 비교 : 종교정향과 종교의식의 실증적 분석을 중심으로 An Empirical Analysis on religious orientation and religious attitudes

金東基,高炳哲 韓國宗敎敎育學會 2004 宗敎敎育學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

이 연구는 수도권 지역의 개신교, 불교, 천주교 신자들 간의 내재성 차이를 검증하여 신앙인들을 이해하고, 종교 간의 의식차이를 연구하는 데 중요한 기초 자료를 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 첫째, 변인들의 주요 항목들 간의 상관관계 분석 결과에서 세 종교 전체에서 보면, 신앙중요도는 종교적 내재성의 수용성과 현재성에서 유의미하게 상관성이 있고, 경계성에서는 상관이 유의미하지 않았다. 둘째, 종교적 내재성 정도에 따른 종교 간 비교를 위한 t검증 결과에서는 개신교가 경계성과 수용성에서 다른 종교와 큰 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 종교적 내재성과 종교정향의 정도가 종교의식에 미치는 영향에 대한 변량분석 결과는 세 종교 전체에서, 내재성 세 척도(수용성, 경계성, 현재성)의 거의 모두에서 유의미한 상호작용이 일어났다. 종교별로는 유의미한 변량분석 결과가 천주교가 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 개신교, 불교의 순으로 나타났다. 내재성 하위 척도별로는 수용성, 현재성, 경계성의 순이다. 종교정향 하위 척도별로는 추구적 정향,외적 정향, 내적 정향의 순으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of immanence in the Protestant, the Buddhist and the Catholic believers in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, as analyzing their religious orientations and religious attitudes. First, the results revealed that relationships(r) were significant among believing attitude, acceptance, present-orientation by the participants in 3 religions. But the relationship was not significant between believing attitude and boundary-leveling. Second, the results of t-test were significant between boundary-leveling and acceptance of religious immanence by the Protestant then other religions. Third, the result of ANOVA showed that the interaction effect of immanence scales(acceptance, present-orientation, boundary-leveling) and religious orientations(external, internal, quest) were significant to religious attitudes by participants in 3 religions. The Catholic were the most significant interactional effect; the Protestant were the second weaker significant level and the Buddhist were the third significant level. Acceptance scales were the most significant interactional effect; the present-orientation was the second weaker significant level and the boundary-leveling was the third significant level. Quest scales were the most significant interactional effect; the external scales was the second significant level and the internal scales was the third significant level.

모반세포성 모반과 악성 흑색종의 CD44 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

김정수,김영조,최규철,정병수 조선의대 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1