An Investigation on the Life of Master Won Guk Lee, the Creator of Chung-Do-Kwan

( Seon Young Jung ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Seung Woo Shin ),( Chun Hwan Cho ),( Seung Hyun Jang ),( Won Shin ) 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2014 기초과학지 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review (or, investigate) the life of Won Guk Lee. He is the creator of Chung-Do-Kwan, which is one of the five original Taekwondo kwans. Data was gathered from advanced research, newspapers, documentaries, the Internet, magazines, and journals etc. Thus, we were able to create a sequence of events based on the research data. First, we can say that in Won Guk Lee``s career, he created Chung-Do-Kwan and brought Dangsoodo to Korea. These events have had a significant development on Taekwondo. Second, Taekwondo curriculum, which was published by Won Guk Lee, established the foundation of Taekwondo poomsae, as well as giving us the pure spirit of Korean martial arts.

업종에 따른 연 취급 사업장의 기중 연 농도 및 연 노출 수준 평가

이병국,김용배,리갑수,안현철,김화성,이용진,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to obtain an useful information for health management and biological monitoring of lead exposed workers, Authors tried to investigate air lead level and the lead exposed level of workers in lead industry according to occupational category. The subjects in our study were 2074 workers in 7 lead-using industries, and study subjects were divided into 4 occupational categories such as storage battery industry (type 1), primary smelting industry (type 2), secondary smelting industry (type 3) and litharge making industry (type 4). Blood zincprotoporphyrin concentration (ZPP), blood lead concentration (PbB) and urinary δ -aminolevulinic acid (ALAU), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. Personal variables such as age, work duration were also collected. The results were as follows. 1. The geometric mean air lead in 9 lead-using industry was 0.1133±4.3120 ㎎/㎥, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 0.1038±3.4952 ㎎/㎥, 0.0429±3.4329 ㎎/㎥, 0.1877±2.5123 ㎎/㎥ and 0.9961±5.2910 ㎎/㎥, respectively. 2. The mean ZPP in 9 lead-using industry was 53.1±28.0 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 52.0±24.8 ㎍/㎗, 48.0±16.4 ㎍/㎗, 109.8±85.6 ㎍/㎗ and 74.3±37.8 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in ZPP according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose ZPP were above 100 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 4.0%, 1.7%, 34.3% and 21.6%, respectively. 3. The mean PbB in lead-using industry was 26.0±11.2 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 25.3±11.1 ㎍/㎗, 26.7±8.8 ㎍/㎗, 50.3±15.2 ㎍/㎗ and 36.4±11.0 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in PbB according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above 40 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 10.4%, 7.7% 71.9% and 43.2%, respectively. 4. While the correlation of Hb corrected PbB with ZPP was higher than non corrected PbB, the correlation of log-transformed ZPP with PbB was higher than non corrected ZPP. 5. Simple linear regressions of PbB and corrected PbB as independent variable with ZPP, log-transformed ZPP and ALAU as dependent variable were statistically significant (P0.01). Coefficient of determination of corrected PbB with other variables was higher than non corrected PbB. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of environmental and biological monitoring program was highly recommended for secondary smelting and litharge making industry.

A study on Choquet integrals and their applications in vague soft sets

Hyun-Mee Kim(김현미),Jeong Gon Lee(이정곤),Lee-Chae Jang(장이채) 한국지능시스템학회 2020 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.30 No.5

Wang-Qu [9]는 패턴 인식, 이미지 처리, 근사 추론, 퍼지 제어 등 다양한 분야에서 광범위하게 적용할 수 있는 애매한 소프트 집합의 엔트로피, 유사성 측도 및 거리 측도를 도입했다. 또한, Jang-Kwon [3]에서 처음으로 구간값 함수의 쇼케이 적분을 정의하고 이와 관련된 성질을 조사하였다. 그이후 많은 논문에서 구간값 쇼케이적분의 응용을 연구해 왔다. 애매한 집합의 속성이 구간값 소속함수의 성질을 가지고 있음을 이용하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 애매한 소프트 집합상에서 쇼케이 적분을 정의하고, 이들 적분에 의해 정의된 구간값 거리 측도를 조사한다. Wang-Qu [9] introduced entropy, similarity measure and distance measure of vague soft sets which can be extensively applied in many fields such as pattern recognition, image processing, approximation inference, and fuzzy control. In addition, for the first time in Jang-Kwon [3], the Choquet integral of the interval-valued function was defined and the related properties of them were investigated. Since then, many papers have studied the application of interval-valued Choquet integrals. We note that vague soft sets have the interval-valued membership functions. In this paper, by using interval-valued Choquet integrals and vague soft sets, we define the Choquet integral on vague soft sets and investigate an interval-valued distance measure defined by them.

Maximizing Tendency, Purchase Involvement, and Perceptions of Online Bookstores

Lee,Gyudong,Kim,Jang-Hyun,Lee,Jae-Eun 韓國商品學會 2011 商品學硏究 Vol.29 No.6

This paper investigates the effects of the maximizing tendency (i.e., individual differences in pursuing the best option) on purchase involvement and the perceptions of Web sites. By using survey data collected from South Korea and the United States, we analyze the differences in purchase involvement, perceptions of Web sites, and intention to use between satisficers (those with low maximizing tendency) and maximizers (those with high maximizing tendency). In both samples, maximizers show higher purchase involvement than their counterparts. While the perceptions of usefulness and ease of use are significantly different between the two groups in the United States sample, we do not confirm the same pattern in the South Korean sample. We conclude with a discussion of the results and implications.

평면형 Bi-Sb 다중접합 열전변환기의 특성

이현철,유호종,김진섭,함성호,신장규,이종현,이정희,권성원,박세일 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

A planar Bi-Sb multijunction thermal converter for the precise measurements of ac voltage and current has been fabricated and its characteristics was discussed. In order to convert ac power into heat, a bifilar thin film Pt-heater, which could cancel its Thomson and Peltier effects, was prepared on the Si_(3)N_(4)/SiO_(2)/Si_(3)N_(4) diaphragm for the thermal isolation between heater and silicon substrate. To convert the temperature or the heat generated by the heater into dc voltage and current, hot and cold junctions of the Bi-Sb thermopile, which has a large difference in Seebeck coefficients, were formed on the dielectric diaphragm and the silicon substrate, respectively. The respective thermal sensitivity of the thermal converter with a bifilar heater was about 10.1 mV/mW and 14.8 mV/mW in the air and vacuum, which is about eight times higher than that of commercial 3-dimensional thermal converter. In the case of ac 2 V-input voltage, the ac-dc voltage transfer difference was about ±2.0 ppm, and in the case of ac 10 mA-input current, the ac-dc current transfer difference was about ± 0.6 ppm, in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz.

The Safety and Efficacy of Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir with Chronic HCV Genotype 1 Infection and Hemodialysis

( Myeong Jun Song ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Soon Woo Nam ),( Tae Hee Lee ),( Young Woo Kang ),( Ji Woong Jang ),( Seok Hyun Kim ),( Byung Seok Lee5 ),( Sea Hwan Lee ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( S 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Daclatasvir (DAV) and Asunaprevir (ASV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods: 22 chronic hemodialysis patients with HCV infection at 12 medical centers have prospectively enrolled from Feb, 2016 to Feb, 2017 (NCT02580474). Of those, 9 patients who were followed 12 weeks after treatment ended were included. We evaluated the virological responses at each week 4, 12, 24 and the 12-week sustained virologic response (SVR12). The tolerability and safety of patients were also evaluated. Results: Of these 20 patients, there had no resistance-associated variant of NS5A (NS5A RAVs) and 2 patients showed indeterminate NS5A RAVs. 12 patients (54.5%) completed the 24 weeks treatment of DAV and ASV. 6 patients (27.2%) have continued, but 4 patients discontinued study prior to 12 weeks. Overall, all patients (n=9) achieved SVR12. Virologic response at week 4, 12 and 24 showed 94.4% (17/18), 93.3% (14/15), and 100% (12/12) respectively. DCV and ASV were well tolerated among the majority of patients and discontinuation of the treatment due to adverse events (hypertension, bradycardia, leukemia) was occurred in 3 patients. In two patients with indeterminate NS5A RAVs, one achieved SVR12 but the other showed viral breakthrough and discontinued treatment. Conclusions: In this study, DAV and ASV combination therapy for chronic hemodialysis patients with HCV infection achieved high sustained virological response with few adverse events. Close monitoring of safety and tolerability may be necessary when treating chronic hepatitis C patients with CRF receiving DCV and ASV.

간세포암과 하대정맥 막성폐쇄의 치료 후 호전된 백혈구파괴혈관염 1예

이준엽 ( Jun Yeob Lee1 ),이주원 ( Ju Won Lee1 ),이진욱 ( Jin Wook Lee ),박현준 ( Hyun Joon Park ),장국환 ( Gook Hwan Jang ),김다정 ( Da Jung Kim ),김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),한병훈 ( Byung Hoon Han ),정규식 ( Gyoo Sik Jung ),김근태 ( 대한류마티스학회 2015 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.22 No.5

저자들은 하지 자색반과 고환 통증으로 내원한 알코올성 간경화증 환자에서 LCV의 원인 감별하는 과정에서 HCC와 하대정맥 막성폐쇄를 진단하고 이에 대한 치료 후 LCV의 호전된 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that destroy blood vessel walls by inflammation. Approximately half of vasculitis cases are idiopathic, but sometimes associated with genetic factors, medicines, chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Although the mechanism remains unclear, vasculitis secondary to malignancy, also known as paraneoplastic vasculitis, has been reported. It is generally associated with hematologic malignancies rather than solid malignancies and commonly presents as leukocytoclastic vasculitis or polyarteritis nodosa. We experienced a case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Here, we report this case with a brief review of literature. (J Rheum Dis 2015;22:322-326)

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

鐵炭化物의 Ostwald ripening에 관한 定量組織學的 分析

李相允,成章鉉,崔鎭源 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.10 No.1

The spheroidization of cementite in binary Fe-C alloy, 0.63wt. pct. C. was investigated over a range of temperatures, 650℃, 680℃, and 710℃ for times up to about 1.3×10^(6) sec. Quantitative metallographic techniques were used to obtain the following microstructural data of the cementite particles : the mean size and shape of precipitated partices, size destribution and the number of particles per unit volume. The variation of these microstructural parameters was analyzed in terms of shape factors concerned with various precipitation positions. The results concerning the Ostwald ripening characteristics of iron carbide obtained from the experiment are summerized as follows : 1) The value of activation energy obtained from the graph for the relation between the number iron carbide particles per unit volume and spheroidizing time is calculated to be 44.1 ㎉ / mole and the the coarsening of iron carbide particles occurs by the interdiffusion mechanism of iron and carbon atoms. 2) Mean particle radius measuments have shown that the slope of straight lines obtained from the mean radius-sphroidizing time graph is obtained be to 1 /3.4301, which falls in the range from 1 /3 to 1 / 4, resulting in the combined coarsening mechanism of volume diffusion and grain boundary diffusion through the ferrite matrix 3) Particle size distribution curves have not reached the steady state owing to the diffusion controlled mechanism up to the times of about 1.3×10^(6)sec. and have shown more widely dispersed shapes than the steady state distribution curve due probably to the encounter effect of iron of iron carbide particles precipitated along grain boundaries.

韓國社會에 있어서의 靑少年 逸脫行爲에 관한 社會學的 分析

李璋鉉 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1978 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.31 No.-

Juvenile delinquency is one of the most urgent social problems with which Korean society is faced. The delinquency rate, as measured by official crime statistics, has rapidly increased in recent years: the average rate of increase per year being more than 30%/ The objective of this study is to analyze socio-structural factors contributing to the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency. It is, therefore, emphasized that deviant behavior such as juvenile delinquency should be understood in terms of a general sociological frame of reference rather than in terms of a biopsychological viewpoint. In reviewing the theoretical background for deviant behavior, we have introduced theories of both anomie and differential opportunity structure because they are widely accepted as dominant sociological theories of deviant behavior at present. As is already known, the anomie theory, stemming primarily from the French sociologist Amile Durkheim, has been more systematically developed as a general theory of deviant behavior by R.K, Merton. The central idea in Merton's argument involves disjuncture between cultural goals symbolized by material wealth and the institutionalized means by which they may be achieved. In other words, when the cultural goals have universally been internalized by the members of society as an important aim in life regardless of their social standing, and when the legitimate means such as high level of education and professional training for achieving such goals are differentially distributed throughout the social structure, we would expect high crime and delinquency rates among those least able to obtain such institutionalized means. Persons of lower socioeconomic standing will have a higher rate of deviant behavior as they have internalized the cultural goals while socially acceptable means for achieving the goals are not easily accessible to them. This is essentially what Merton has argued. Another important modification of Merton's theory has been offered by Richard A. Cloward. While accepting basic assumptions involved in Merton's theory, Cloward raise the question : What are the opportunities for success in the criminal world? He maintains that while opportunities for achieving success by legitimate means are differentially distributed throughout the social structure, opportunities for illegitimate means are also so distributed. As a result, in order to predict accurately the probable rates of crime and delinquency in differing social statuses, we have to know what access the various statuses provide their occupants for both legitimate and illegitimate opportunities. The above-mentioned theories have been developed in a society differing from our society in terms of a socio-cultural background. Therefore, whether they are valid or applicable in explaining the patterns of deviant behavior found in the Korean social structure is yet to be answered through further empirical studies of the problem. Though highly impressionistic, Korean society seems to place high emphasis upon the goal of material success and the aspiration level of the Korean youth has risen rapidly. But opportunities for achieving the cultural goals by legitimate means are becoming highly limited or closed to a large segment of the population. The so-called disjunctural between goals and institutionalized means has become more or less a social reality in Korean society, which means the possibility of applying anomie and its related theories in explaining juvenile delinquency in Korea. The findings based on the survey of 294 delinquent boys and 227 high school students are as follows: (1) In terms of affectional attachment between father and son a higher proportion of delinquent boys, compared with the high school students, show negative feeling toward his father. Deviant patterns are more frequently found among the family members of delinquent boys than among the family members of the high school students. Approximately 40% of the delinquent boys have had the experience of being reared continuously in a broken family, in contrast with only 7% of the high school students. This implies that boys from broken homes are more likely to become delinquent than boys from intact homes. (2) Delinquency appears negatively related to social class. As measured by father's occupation, about 53% of high school students came from middle or upper social classes compared with only 9% of the delinquents. (3) A higher proportion of the delinquent boys have lived in neighborhood communities characterized by economic poverty, deviant cultural patterns and social disorganization, than have the high school students. (4) A far higher proportion of the delinquent boys tend to be maladjusted in school life, than do the high school students. For example, the rate of truancy as a factor indicative of the maladjustment is 54% for the delinquent boys, compared with 12% of the high school students. (5) More than half (66%) of the delinquent boys have had the experience of running away their homes, in contrast with only 3% OF THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. The reasons for running away from their homes are economic proverty or instability and interpersonal disharmonies among the family members. (6) The majority of the delinquent boys had job experiences to earn money or to learn technical skills. (7) Compared with the high school students, the delinquent boys seem far more dependent upon their peer group for psychological support. As matter of fact, peer group has played the role of reference group for the delinquent boys. In summary, the general picture of the delinquent boys revealed by this study seems to be characterized by relative inaccessibility to legitimate means which make it possible for them to move socially upward. They are extremely handicapped in personal and family background in order to satisfy their high level of aspiration oriented toward material success. Therefore it may be suggested that their delinquent behaviors are socially induced to solve the gap between their high level of aspiration and the social realities in which they found themselves.