유세포분석법으로 조사한 Orientia tsutsugamushi Boryong주의 항균제 감수성

김은실,김미경,이혜명,정문현,이진수,박재은,강재승 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.4

Background : Scrub typhus, an infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is endemic in Korea. With the introduction of tetracycline and chloramphenicol in clinical practice, the mortality due to scrub typhus has markedly decreased, In 1995, scrub typhus poorly responsive to doxycycline was reported in Thailand; the need for safe antibiotics for the treatment of scrub typhus acquired during pregnancy or for children is emerging; also, broader spectrum antibiotics having anti-Orientia activity may be preferred for empirical therapy of enteric fever syndrome and for complicated scrub typhus. The anti-Orientia activities of various antibiotics, including recently licensed antibiotics, were investigated by flow cytometry. Materials and Methods : O. tsutsugamushi strain Boryong was inoculated into the ECV304 cell line. The infected cells were stained with FS15, a monoclonal antibody reacting against a linear epitope on 56-kDa major outer membrane protein of 0. tsutsugamushi. Then the antimicrobial susceptibilities were measured by flow cytometry and expressed as a growth index (total mass of Orientia). A concentration at which no further decrease in growth index occurred was defined as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Microbial susceptibilities to the following antibiotics were measured: quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, metronidazole, linezolid, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, azithromycin, and rifampin. Results : Considering the usual serum concentrations of rifampin (M1C=0.025-0.05 ug/mL), azithromycin (M1C=0.05-0.5 ug/mL) and doxycycline (MIC=0.05-0.1 ug/mL), these antibiotics exhibited very low MICs. Synercid (MIC=0.2-1.0 ug/mL), clindamycin (MIC=1.0 ug/mL) and chloramphenicol (MIC=1-2 ug/mL) exhibited moderately low MICs; moxifloxacin (MIC=8 ug/mL), ciprofloxacin (M1C=25.6 ug/mL or more) and levofloxacin (M1C=30 ug/mL) exhibited relatively high MICs; and cefotaxime (MIC>50 ug/mL), metronidazole (MIC>30 ug/mL) and linezolid (>30 ug/mL) exhibited high MICs. Conclusions : Among the new antibiotics, none was superior to doxycycline, azithromycin or rifampin with respect to anti-Orientia activity. Synercid, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin may show moderate therapeutic efficacies in human.

발치 직후 시행된 즉시 임플란트 식립술에 관한 임상적 평가

양은영,천상득,노재환,이승은,송재철,진병로 영남대학교 의과대학 2003 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.20 No.1

Background: Immediate implant placement has become an acceptable treatment for the edentulous area. The advantages of the immediate implant placement include considerable decrease in time from tooth extraction to placement of the finial prosthesis, fewer surgical procedures, and better acceptance of the overall treatment plans. But the success is dependent on the quantity and quality of the extraction socket. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of the immediate implant placement. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one sites in 16 patients were selected for the evaluation of the immediate implant placement. All of the cases were followed using clinical and radiographic examinations. Criteria of success were the absence of peri-implant radiolucency, mobility, and persistent pain or sign of infection. Results: Of the 21 implants, 13 implants have been succeeded. Of the 13 implants, 10 implants were replaced for the periodontal disease and 3 implants were replaced for the trauma. Conclusion: The criteria of the success in immediate implant placement are as follows. 1) Implants placed into fresh extraction sockets have a high rate of survival. 2) Implant should be placed as close as possible to the alveolar crest. 3) Implant placed into available bone beyond the apex have a high success rate.

수입각증후군에 의한 급성 복증 1례

정은욱,지삼룡,이영태,박지훈,김동기,제인수,채두근,박성재,박은택,이연재,이상혁,설상영,정정명 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Afferent loop syndrome is an uncommon complication of a gastrectomy and Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction. It may cause symtoms at any time from the first postoperative day to many years after the gastrectomy. Afferent loop syndrome is characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting and elevation of serum amylase. Thus, it is difficult to differentiate afferent loop syndrome from other cause of acute pancreatitis. However, the history of gastrectomy can be an important clue for diagnosing afferent loop syndrome. We experienced one case of chronic afferent loop syndrome with acute pancreatitis. After appropriate management, the abdominal pain disappeared and serum amylase level decreased. We report this case with a review of relevant literatures.

생약추출물 유도형 Nitric Oxide Synthase 저해활성 검색

류재하,이소영,박재현,이화진,장세란,은진희,김남이,정연수,장미경,최영은,이숙현,손행자,안한나,고혜진 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2001 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.17 No.-

Nitric Oxide (NO), derived from L-arginine, is produced by two types (constitutive and inducible) of nitric oxide synthase (NOS: cNOS and iNOS). The NO produced in large amounts by the iNOS is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock and inflammation. The inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of herbal drugs which have been used for the treatment of inflammation in oriental medicine. We have screened the inhibitory activity of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages after the treatment of these extracts. Among the 81 kinds of extracts of herbal drugs, 34 extracts showed potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50% at the concentration of 50 (μg/ml. The inhibitory activities of NO production were also evaluated for several solvent fractions at three different concentrations. Especially, hexane soluble fractions of Agrimonia pilosa, Hydrangea serrata, Machilus thunbergii, Prunella vulgaris, Saussurea lappa, Tussilago farfara, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Angelica gigas, Ostericum koreanum, Torilis japonica, Perilla frutescence showed moderate activity at 10 and/ or 25 (μg/ml. These fractions are promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided chromatographic purification of active compounds.

한반도식물대(韓半島植物帶) 판별을 위한 표준종(標準種)에 관한 연구

유재은,백승언,김재수 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2006 자연과학논문집 Vol.25 No.-

본 연구는 한반도의 삼림식물대 판별을 보다 더 쉽게 하고저 함에 주안점을 두고 연구하였다. 필자의 한사람인 白(2002)이 구분해 놓은 9개의 식물대를 기초로 하여 그 안에 있는 고유수종(固有樹種)과 각 식물대(植物帶) 안에서 분포의 남한계(南限界)와 북한계(北限界)를 이루는 수종을 찾아내어 한 쌍씩의 수종을 조합(組合)하여 복합표준종(複合標準種)으로 삼고, 그 상재도(常在度)를 계산하였으며 각 식물대의 적합도(適合度)를 비교하여 그 결과를 표 7에 표시하였다. 복합표준종의 선정은 각 산악의 단위구간내(單位區間內)에 공존하는 수종을 가지고 선정하였다. 이들 고유수종과 복합표준종에 의하여 보다 더 상세하고 구체적인 식물대(植物帶)의 적시(摘示)가 가능해졌다고 여겨지며, 이미 白(2002)의 연구에서 얻어진 판별식과 병용할 때에는 더욱더 정밀한 식물대의 판별을 할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. Selecting a proper indicator species is prerequisite for an efficient discrimination of plant zone in a certain geographical area. To select an indicator species applicable in the Korean Peninsula, the plant zone of the Korean Peninsula was divided into nine. In each plant zone, endemic species were surveyed, and the northern and southern boundary species were studied. The various combinations of northern and southern boundary species were used as compound indicator species and their applicability to distinct the plant zone in the Korean Peninsula were compared by analyzing their presence in each plant zone. The species existing together in the unit area of the mountains were selected as the compound indicator species. From the analysis, it was concluded that more detailed and concrete description for each plant zone was accomplished by the combinatorial application of edemic species and the compound indicator species. Thus it is expected that this improved method can be efficiently used to discriminate the plant zone in the Korean Peninsula.

Orientia tsutsugamushi 감염에서 doxycycline 용량과 투여기간에 대한 실험

김은실,김미경,이혜명,정문현,이진수,박재은,강재승 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.5

Background : Doxycycline, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol have been used for the treatment of scrub typhus; however, the duration of treatment for this disease is still controversial. Most clinical studies on the treatment of scrub typhus focus on the effectiveness of antibiotics; few studies have focused on the duration of the treatment. There has been no in vitro evaluation of the optimal duration of treatment of scrub typhus. We performed an experiment to evaluate the regrowth of Orientia tsutsugamushi after exposure to doxycycline of various concentration and exposure time. Materials and Methods : O. tsutsugamushi strain Boryong was inoculated into the ECV304 cell line. The infected cells were stained with FS15, a monoclonal antibody reacting against a linear epitope on the 56-kDa major outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi; thereafter, the antimicrobial susceptibilities were measured by flow cytometry and expressed as a growth index (total mass of Orientia). Incubation in media containing 0.1 (the minimal inhibitory concentration of doxycycline against O. tsutsugamushi strain Boryong), 0.2, and 2 ug/mL doxycycline for 1, 3, 5, and 7 day was followed by incubation in antibiotic-free media for 5 day. Two inocula sizes were employed; low inoculum (45.18% of cells were infected) and high inoculum (87.21% of cells). Results : The incubation with 0.1 ug/mL doxycycline resulted in O. tsutsugamushi regrowth irrespective of doxycycline treatment duration. When the concentration of doxycycline was increased to 0.2 or 2 ug/mL, regrowth was observed in short duration treatments (1-5 day at 0.2 ug/mL; 1 day at 2 ug/mL). Higher inoculum size of O. tsutsugamushi increased regrowth (1 day at the low inoculum; 1-5 day at the high inoculum). Conclusions : The regrowth of O. tsutsugamushi after doxycycline treatment depends on the doxycycline dose; the higher the dose, the lower the relapse rate. If this result is extrapolated to humans, higher dose of doxycycline might be preferred to lower the relapse rate. The inoculum effect in O. tsutsugamushi infection needs further investigations.

지역주민의 삶의 질에 관한 주관적 의식 분석

이지은(Lee, Ji-Eun),이재완(Lee, Jae-Wan) 한국지방정부학회 2014 지방정부연구 Vol.18 No.1

이지은(Lee, Ji-Eun), 이재완(Lee, Jae-Wan) 본 연구의 목적은'삶의 질'에 대한 지역주민의 인식을 유형화하고 분석하는 데 있다. 지역주민의 삶의 질에 관한 주관적 인식을 분석하기 위해 Q방법론을 활용하였다. 지역주민을 대상으로 한 인터뷰 및 선행연구 검토를 통해 Q진술문을 작성하였고, P샘플은 서울시에 거주하고 있는 지역주민 40명을 대상으로 하였다. 분석 결과, 삶의 질에 대한 주민인식은 ① 기본적 요건 지향, ② 물질적 요건 지향, ③ 비물질적 요건 지향으로 유형화되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 삶의 질에 관한 인식이 지역주민마다 다를 수 있으므로, 지방자치 수준에서 숙의민주주의를 실현할 수 있는 공론의 장을 마련할 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다. 지방정부가 지역주민들의 삶의 질을 향상시키는 정책을 수립할 때 다양한 주민들의 인식과 의견이 반영될 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. The objective of this study is to classify and analyze citizens' perceptions on 'quality of life'. In order to examine quality of life as perceived by citizens, Q-methodology was used. A set of Q-statements was constructed with reference to field interviews of citizens and literature review of the precedent study, and it was rated by 40 citizens residing in Seoul. The results of this study revealed that citizens' perceptions of quality of life could be classified in terms of three perspectives: 1. Basic conditions orientation, 2. Material conditions orientation, and 3. Non-material conditions orientation. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that as citizens' perceptions of quality of life can be diverse, there is a need to develop a public sphere where deliberative democracy would be realized and advanced at local government level. By creating and developing public spheres, local governments would be able to take citizens' perceptions and opinions into account better when establishing policies for improving citizens' quality of life.

정보제시유형에 의한 개인투자자들의 주식투자의도

이재은(Lee, Jae-eun) 한국상품학회 2019 商品學硏究 Vol.37 No.3

본 연구는 정보제시유형에 따라 나타나는 개인투자자들의 반응을 살펴보기 위해 개인투자자들의 투자성향과 주식투자의도와의 관계를 검증하였다. 개인투자 자유형은 Goldberg and Nitzsch (2001)의 의해 논의되어지고 이재은 (2015)에 의해 본능적/감정적/이성적 투자자집단으로 분류되어 사용되었던 변수를 이용하였 다. 연구결과 ‘메시지정보제시형태에 따라 개인투자자들의 주식투자의도는 다르게 나타날 것이다’라는 가설은 모두 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다(F=5.12, p= .00, F=20.63, p= .00). 그러나 개인투자자유형과 정보제시유형 간의 상호작용은 발생되지 않았다(F= .63, p= .54). 이러한 결과는 소비를 목적으로 하는 소비재와는 달리 재무적 위험을 수반하는 주식은 이익을 통해 부를 증가시키기 위한 수단으로 위험부담을 줄여 손실을 최소화하는데 목적을 두기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 또한 주식투자의도에 관한 개인투자자들의 유형별 차이를 살펴보면, 감정적 투자자들은 부정적(손실) 정보보다는 긍정적(이익) 정보에 더 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다(M= .05<M= .43). 본능적 투자자는 부정적(손실) 정보보다 긍정적(이익) 정보에 매우 민감하게 반응(M=- .37< .34)하였으며, 이성적 투자자들 또한 부정적(손 실) 정보보다 긍정적(이익) 정보에 긍정적인 반응을 나타냈으나(M=- .49< .04) 이익에 대한 기대감을 크게 나타내지는 않았다. 투자의도에 관한 투자자유형간의 차이는 전반적으로 유의미하였으나 큰 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 연구결과 나타났다. 본 연구는 개인투자자들의 인지 행위적 측면을 실증적으로 검증해 보았다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다. This article verified the differences in the relationship between investment propensity and stock investment intention of private investors based on stock items according to the method of information presentation. Private investor types were divided into gut, emotional and rational investor groups, as discussed by Goldberg and Nitzsch (2001) and classified by Jae-eun Lee (2015). The results positively supported the hypothesis that ‘Stock investment intention of private investors varies with the method of message information presentation’ (F=5.12, p= .00, F=20.63, p= .00). However, there was no interaction between the private investor type and the method of information presentation (F= .63, p= .54). This is because stocks are financial instruments that accompany financial risks and the purpose is to minimize loss by reducing risk factors, unlike ordinary consumption goods that are intended to be consumed. Looking at the average difference in stock investment intention among private investor types, emotional investors were found to be more positive toward positive (profit) information than negative (loss) information (M= .05<M= .43). Gut investors reacted more sensitively to positive (profit) information than negative (loss) information (M=- .37 < .34). Rational investors also showed more positive response to positive (profit) information than negative (loss) information (M=- .49< .04), but they did not show great expectation of profit. Based on the results of this study, the differences in investment intention among different investor types were generally insignificant. A study is meaningful in that it examines the cognitive behavioral aspect of individual investors.

‘문재인케어’와 영국의 치과의료제도

전지은(Ji-Eun Jeon),류재인(Jae-In Ryu) 대한치과보험학회 2017 대한치과보험학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The public and the organizations related with medical and dental care payed high attention for the Moon Jae-in Care announced at August 9th 2017. The Moon Jae-in Government presented that they will cover all the necessary medical expense by National Health Insurance(NHI). The first step is to get rid of the non-covered items, such as listed in NHI as necessary but non-covered and limited number of permission even though they are essential. In dental care, the percentage of out-of-pocket payment for dentures and implants decreased from 50 to 30. The resin for children and adolescent will be covered by NHI since 2018. This study aims to deal with the critical issues, for example three ‘low’s of payment-fees-coverage, proper health care delivery system, and possibility to extend the coverage by selected or preliminary lists. Also the change of National Health Service(NHS) in U.K. during recent decades will be researched. In conclusion, it is necessary to extend the coverage with patient-centered delivery system. Primary preventive approach needs to apply based on the clinical leadership by the professionals.health insurance coverage.

자기 효능의 개념 분석

서순림,이은남,박송자,양영희,이동숙,최은옥,구미옥,김인자,이인숙,김성재,박영임,이은옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Today human needs for health promotion and maintenance are increasing. The nursing progression has a great responsibility for helping clients to practice good health behavior. self efficacy was found to be potent predictor in initiating and maintaining the health-related behavior. Therefore, the concept is important in nursig intervention for change of health behavior. The purpose of this paper was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, self efficacy. This study used Walder & Avant's process of concept analysis. Critical attributes of self efficacy were : 1) positive perception of his won capability; 2) intrapersonal strength; 3) possibility of being learned; 4) individuality; 5) specificity; 6) generalizability. Antecedents of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) new situation occurs; 2) individuals have needs to change the new situation; 3) there are some required actions in new situation. Consequences occurring as a result of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) individual initiates the of failure; 5) cope with the situation; 6) controls the situation; 7) the level of self efficacy is enhanced; 8) the level of self-esteem is enhanced.