2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

역번역을 활용한 한국 시조 이해 교육 연구 - 영어권 한국어 고급 학습자를 대상으로 -

김영 ( Jin Y Ing ),고정희 ( Ko Jeong-hee ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2020 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.59 No.-

This study aimed to present the availability and implications of back-translation learning methods in Korean sijo education as a foreign language. Results were based on the understanding of Korean sijo by advanced English-speaking Korean learners using back translation. In this study, the significance of back translation as a method of learning sijo is summarized as follows: First, learner-centered activities that encourage learners to participate exist; second, reading native texts can help obtain “advanced knowledge;” third, results are an exploratory process involving learners’ independent thinking; and fourth, awareness of diversity in interpretation encourages freedom to express views on texts. This study selected Hwang Jin-i’s sijo “A Long Night of Winter Solstice” as an experimental text and categorized the understanding of English-speaking advanced learners of the Korean language using back translation into “accepting the meaning of text through reading translations,” “interpretation of the meaning of text through back translations,” and “deeper understanding of the text by comparing back translations with source texts.” Advanced English-speaking Korean learners showed attitudes related to actively organizing the meaning of sijo while performing back translation; they continued to interpret the text by mobilizing their own experience and knowledge through the back translation process. The different order of words in the mother tongue and Korean also led to difficulty in switching to the target language. The following implications were derived based on the understanding of advanced English-speaking Korean learners using back translation. First, the teacher should effectively adjust the primary response the learner sees after reading the translation text. Second, proper educational measures from teachers are needed when learners spend a considerable amount of time on a single poem. Third, the cultural context of learners should be extended after comparing the back translated and source texts. (Seoul National University)

鐵筋콘크리트 보에서 剪斷鐵筋이 휨耐力에 미치는 影響

고유신,기진호,김병호,은희창,서일교 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.2

Shear reinforcement has an important role to strengthen shear capacity of reinforced concrete beam. Although the flexural design corresponding to design code does not consider the effects of the shear reinforcement, its utilization in flexural region leads to the improved ductility and the enhanced strength by confining concrete. It allows to design the over-reinforcement beam. In this study, we considered the effects of the shear reinforcement on the flexural ductility and strength of reinforced concrete beam according to the spacing of shear reinforcement, steel ratio, and shear span ratio. The flexural capacity depends on the amount of longitudinal bars and the ductility the confinement degree by the shear reinforcement. The flexural analysis varies with the stress-strain relation of confined concrete. The analytical results based on the stress-strain relation presented by Chung almost corresponded to the experimental ones. It was observed that the proper design of shear reinforcement leads to utilize the over-reinforcement concrete beam.

폐결핵 환자 혈청에서 수용성 Interleukin 2 수용체 및 Adenosine Deaminase 활성도에 관한 연구

고정희,박성규,백상현,박찬권,박병수,안진영,최우석,박정규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces T cell proliferation in an autocrine manner and provides a means by which antigen triggered T cells can be clonally expanded in vitro. During the following activation, the activity of IL-2 is mediated by specific high affinity IL-2 binding membrane receptors which are expressed shortly after activation. In this process, a 42 KD-fragment (soluble IL-2R) is continuously cleaved off and circulates as a soluble marker of T lymphocyte activation. Elevated level of soluble IL-2R has been identified in the serum of patients with malignant autoimmune and allergic disorders, systemic parasitic infection, undergoing graft versus host disease, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and HIV-infection. ADA (adenosine deaminase) completes the process of differentiation of T cell and is essential for progression of T cell maturation. Therefore level of ADA is to correlated with magnitude of T cell immune response. The fact that expression of sIL-2R and ADA activity increases in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis suggests that T cell activation might have a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. In order to evaluate the T cell immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis, we measured the serum concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity in 17 patients with current pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 chronic inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 as normal controls. (1) Current pulmonary tuberculosis had significantly higher levels of sIL-2R (237.24±95.47)when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (78.6±11.06). and the control (68.17±15.4) group. (2) ADA activity in current pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly increased (34.41±20.63) when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (24.7±14.36) and control (17.65± 5.94) group. (3) There was good correlation between sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group. (4) sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity was decreased significantly 6 months after anti-tuberculosis drug medication. In conclusion, sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group was increased when compared with those of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis and the control group. By the way, T cell mediated immune response was enhanced in current pulmonary tuberculosis, but in inactive chronic pulmonary tuberculosis who had treated by antituberculosis drug medication, the concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity was nearly normal.

법랑질 접착에 대한 습윤 효과

고근호,조영곤,진철희,유상훈,김종욱,박병철,기영재,최희영,김종진 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.3

This study evaluated the microleakage and interfacial gap between enamel and composite resin under the dry and wet condition of the enamel surface, V shaped class 5 cavities were prepared on the occlusal portion of extracted human molars. Samples were divided into three groups: D group (air dry for 10-15s), BD group (blot dry with moist cotton pellet), and DR group (air dry for 10-15s and rewet with Aqua-Prep F for 20s). Cavities were filled using Aelitefil composite resin after applied One-Step. Microleakage was tested by 2% methylene blue dye solution and the data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. Also Enamel-resin interface was observed under SEM. Group BD showed statistically lower microleakage than group D (p〈0.05). but there was no statistically significant difference between group BD and DR (p)0.05). At the enamel-resin interface, group D showed the gap of 2 ㎛ thickness, but group BD and DR showed close adaptation. In conclusion, the use of blot dry and rewetting agent (Aqua-Prep F) resulted in decreased microleakage and improved adhesion between enamel and resin when using One-Step.

고등어부시의 제조에 관한 연구 : 1. 제조중의 정미성분의 변화

고신효,임희유,고용구,하진환 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.4 No.-

Mackerel-bushi was manufactured as a natural flavoring substance and in each processing step the taste compounds including nucleotides and their related copmounds. free amino acids, non-volatile organic acids, trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamhe and betaine were determined. IMP and inosine were abundant in Mackerel-bushi which marked 465.3㎎/l00g and 465.7㎎/l00g on dry basis while ADP was trace in content. 17 species of free amino acids were isolated and identified from the extracts of raw material and its products. The abun-dant amino acids in the extracts were lysine, taurine, phenylalanine and alanine, and those were consisted of 65.8~80.7% of the total free amino acids while isoleucine, aspartic acid, tyrosine and leucine were poor, and glycine was trace in content. Citric and lactic acids were 95% of total nonvolatile organic acids, and malonic, oxalic and α-ketoglutaric acids were poor. The content of TMAO and TMA in the extract of Mackerel-bushi were 11.9㎎/l0g and 13.5㎎/100g on dry basis and that of betaine was 93.1㎎/100g. The major minerals were Ca. Na. K. and Mg.

북한의 IT 딜레마와 이중전략 : 인터넷 정책과 소프트웨어 산업정책을 중심으로

고경민,이희진,장승권 한국정보사회진흥원 2007 정보화정책 Vol.14 No.4

북한은‘단번도약’의 핵심수단으로 IT산업을 강조하나 IT산업은 북한 경제에 큰 기여를 하지 못했다. 이 글은 인터넷과 소프트웨어 산업정책을 대상으로 북한이 처한‘IT 딜레마’를 기술하고 북한 IT‘ 이중전략’의 성격과 한계를 검토한다. 인터넷에서의 이중전략은 인터넷과 인트라넷의 분리 구축으로 나타난다. 이는 인터넷의 정치적 영향과 경제적 효과 사이에서의 전략 선택의 어려움에 기인한다. 소프트웨어 산업정책의 이중전략은‘우리식’개발 전략과 세계 표준에 기초한 개발전략의 형태로 나타난다. 이는 내수에서‘주체 과학’과 자력갱생을 원칙으로 한 개발 방식과 소프트웨어 수출 및 기술혁신을 위한 대외기술협력 사이에서 전략 선택의 어려움 때문이다. 북한의 IT 이중전략은 정보기술의 정치적 및 경제적 영향에 대한 고민의 결과이며, 이는 곧‘독재자의 딜레마’를 반영한다. 북한의‘이중전략’은 IT 발전의 과도기적 단계를 보여주며, 동시에 북한 개혁∙개방의 한계를 보여준다. 국내와 대외, 활용과 통제, 육성과 제한과 같은 이중성에 기초한 규제정책으로부터 세계적 표준에 입각한 활용과 육성 같은 적극적인 촉진정책으로 전환할 때, 북한의 IT는 도약발전의 수단이 될 수 있을 것이다. This paper examines North Korea’s dual strategies in Internet opening and software industry development. While North Korea stresses IT for its economic development, it is found that IT has made only a little contribution. The paper argues that the low performance of IT is attributed to the Dictator’s Dilemma regarding IT that North Kora faces. Due to the concerns for political impacts of the Internet, the Intranet system for domestic use has been developed separately from the Internet. While export and international collaboration are pursued for software industry,‘ our own’technology and development are also over-emphasised internally. These all originate from the Dictator’s Dilemma facing North Korea. For IT to contribute to economic development, it is required for North Korea to shift from the dualism dividing domestic-international, promotion-control and promotion-restriction to proactive promotion based on international standards.

정서유발단어에 대한 주의이동시 뇌신경망의 활성 양상

김연희,장은혜,고명환,신승훈,양경혜,손진훈 한국뇌학회 2002 한국뇌학회지 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 fMRI를 사용하여 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동과 관련한 뇌신경망을 규명하기 위하여 12명의 오른손잡이 여대생을 대상으로 수행하였다. fMRI 실험을 위한 뇌활성화 과제는 예비실험을 통하여 선정된 행복, 슬픔, 위협에 해당하는 각각 36개씩의 단어와 각 단어의 짝을 이루기 위한 중성단어를 이용하여 변형된 Posner 패러다임을 블록디자인으로 고안하였다. fMRI 영상은 1.5T Simens Vision scanner를 사용하여 실시하였으며, single-shot EPI 기법으로(TR/TE:3840/40ms, flip angle: 90, FOV: 220, 64x64 matrix, Slice thickness: 6mm) 이미지를 얻었고 피험자의 반응시간을 기록하였다. 자료분석은 SPM-99 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. 정서유발단어는 중성단어에 비하여 반응시간이 의미있게 빨라 효과적인 주의이동이 일어났음을 알 수 있었다. 정서유발단어와 중성단어에 의한 뇌활성화 상태를 감산분석한 결과, 좌측 상두정엽, 양측 후두엽 및 소뇌에서 뇌활성화를 보였고, 이들 영역은 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동시 특징적으로 활성이 일어나는 뇌영역임을 보여주었다. 또한 여러 가지 정서가를 가진 단어에 의해 유발되는 주의의 정도가 특징적인 신경망의 활성과 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to delineate the neural network related to the shift of attention and its modulation by emotion-provoking words using functional MRI (fMRI). Twelve right-handed normal female volunteers participated in fMRI study. Their mean age was 24 years and the mean modified Edinburgh score was +90. Emotion-provoking words representing happy, sad, threatened, and neutral emotional valences respectively were chosen by the assessment of 60 normal volunteers using semantic differentiation and Mannequin scales. The activation tasks were designed using modified Posner's paradigm to have 4 blocks of each emotional and control periods, Imaging was conducted on a 1.5T Siemens Vision scanner. Single-shot echoplanar images (TR/TE = 3840/40 ms, flip angle = 90, FOV = 220, matrix = 62 ? 64, slice thickness = 6㎜) were acquired in 20 contiguous slices parallel to the AC_PC line as well as conventional T1-weighted images. Response times were obtained during the scanning, Imaging data were realigned, coregistered, normalized, smoothed, and statistically analyzed in group using SPM-99 software. The results showed that emotional valence of word stimuli produced the effect of attentional engagement. The left superior parietal, inferior frontal, bilateral occipital lobes and cerebellum were main area of modulation of attentional network by emotional words stimuli. The different extent of brain activation induced by different emotion-provoking words were determined.

중등 과학교사 양성 교육과정과 교수내용지식 연구 동향의 탐색

조희형,조영신,권석민,박대식,강영진,김희경,고영자 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.2

과학교사의 양성을 위한 교육과정 또는 그 프로그램의 주된 목적은 바람직한 과학교사가 지녀야 할 전문적 자질을 함양시키는 데에 있다. 그러나 우리나라의 과학교사 양성을 위한 프로그램 또는 사범대학 과학교육학 계열 교육과정에는 과학교사 교육의 본성과 그의 자질에 관한 연구의 결과가 충분히 반영되어 있지 않다. 이 연구는 자질기반 과학교사 양성 교육과정의 개발 틀, 교직의 전문성과 전문성발달기준, 우리나라의 과학교사 양성 교육과정 및 프로그램에 관한 문헌을 조사·분석한 다음, 그 결과로부터 우리나라의 과학교사 양성을 위한 교육과정의 개발 방향을 도출하고 그 모형을 탐색할 목적에서 수행하였다. 이 연구에서는 과학교사 양성 교육과정을 그 과목이나 지식기반 영역에 따라 교수내용알기(PCKg), 교수구성단위(TPCs), 내용표상화(CoRe)와 교수전문경험자료(PaP-eRs), 그리고 교수상황지식(PCxK)을 단위로 이용하여 구성할 것을 강조하였다. 또한 과학교사의 전문적 자질의 함양에 목적을 둔 교육과정 또는 그 프로그램의 과학교육 및 과학과 관련된 과목으로 일반과학, 심화과학, 일반과학교육학(과학교육론, 과학 교수-학습 포함), 과학 교육과정 및 평가, 과학교육 시설과 자원, 과학교육 실습, 과학교육 연구를 제안하였다. The subjects and their contents comprising the curricula for secondary science teacher education should be selected/organized to assist pre-service teachers to gain understandings of knowledge ba ses and to help them acquire professional teaching competences. However, the nature of science teacher education has not been reflected on the Korean science teacher education programs. The research was performed to review the literature on teachers' competencies including PCK(pedagogical content knowledge), teaching as profession, curricula or programs for secondary science teacher education, and, based on the results, to suggest curricular subjects and their contents for secondary science teacher education in Korea. The research emphasizes that the subjects and their contents for secondary science teacher education should be developed by the use of PCKg(pedagogical content knowing), TPCs(teacher professional constructions), CoRe(content representation) and PaP-eRs(pedagogical and professional-experience repertoires) as constitutive units, depending on the subject areas or contents. Also suggested in this research are the knowledge bases assumed to be necessary for the development of secondary science teachers' professional qualities, which include general sciences, enrichment sciences, general science education, science education curricula and evaluation, facilities and resources for science education, teaching practices, research in science education.

한국판 Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K)상 치매진단이 불확실한 노인들

문희원,박종한,고효진 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.3

The authors studied the elderly who could not be correctly diagnosed by the MMSE-K only. They were all 60 years of age or older and were three sources : psychiatric in-and out-patients clinic of a university hospital. family members of psychiatric patients. and the institutionalized persons. The important study findings are summarized as follows : 1) About 19% of the total subjects could not be diagnosed by the MMSE-K only regarding dementia. and the proportions of the undiagnosed were not significantly different among the three groups. Also the difference between sexes was not significant. 2) Among the undiagnosed by the MMSE-K. 61.5% of the males and 12.2% of the females met the criteria of DAM-Ⅲ-R dementia. 3) Dementia(34.3%) and major depression(28.6%) outnumbered other psychiatric diagnoses in the group of hospital psychiatric patients. and MMSE-K scores were similar among the elderly with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses.