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연령대별 요추 추간판탈출증 환자의 요근과 척추주위근 단면적에 대한 분석
공덕현 ( Deok Hyun Kong ),배광호 ( Kwang Ho Bae ),고호연 ( Ho Yeon Go ),강명진 ( Myung Jin Kang ),김준수 ( Jun Su Kim ),양기영 ( Kee Young Yang ),이재훈 ( Jae Hoon Lee ),은영준 ( Young Jun Eun ) 한방재활의학과학회 2010 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.20 No.4
Objectives :This study was designed to evaluate the correlation of the cross-sectional areas(CSA) of paraspinalis(iliocostalis lumborum, multifidus, longissimus thoracis parts lumborum) and psoas muscle and sex, age, change of the VAS(visual analogue scale) and past history of chronic low back pain in patients suffering from HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc). Methods :Medical records of 140 subjects with HIVD were retrospectively reviewed. The MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) findings on the patients were scanned and analyzed by PiView program to find the paraspinal and psoas muscle CSA and were evaluated by the correlation of sex, age, change of the VAS, and past history of chronic low back pain. Results :There was significant difference between groups in male and female, young-adults age and middle age, middle age and old age, young-adults age and old age. But the correlation of the paraspinal and psoas muscle CSA and past history of chronic low back pain were partially significant. On the other hand, the correlation of the paraspinal and psoas muscle CSA and change of the VAS were not significant. Conclusions :These results suggest that the cross-sectional areas(CSA) of paraspinalis and psoas muscle have relevance to sex and age.
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고은진,정한성,김의성,정일영,이승종 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 흰 쥐 (rat) 를 이용하여 미성숙 단계의 치아를 발치 후 즉시 재식 하였을 때 나타나는 치수의 치유 양상을 조직학적으로 관찰하고자 하는 것이다. 생후 4주된 암컷 Sprague-Dawley 계 흰쥐의 상악 우측 제1대 구치를 발거 후 원래의 치조골와 내로 위치시켰다. 재식 후 3일째부터 국소적으로 치수 내 염증 소견이 관찰되었으나, 치근 부위에서는 이미 치수의 재혈관화 및 치유가 진행되고 있는 소견이 관찰되었다. 재식 후 5일째 부터는 odontoblast-like cell이 관찰되기 시작하였다. 삼차 상아질의 형성은 재식 후 1주째 부터 관찰되기 시작하였으며, 2주째부터는 확실히 관찰할 수 있었다. Odontoblast-like cell 및 삼차상아질 형성은 4주째 까지도 계속 관찰되었다. 재식 후 4주째에는 bone-like tissue 및 cementum-like tissue이 형성되었음을 관찰하였다. 본 실험을 통하여 흰 쥐 치아 재식시 석회화 과정은 초기에는 삼차상아질 침착에 의해서 진행되나, 시간이 경과하면서 점차 bone-like tissue 또는 cementum-like tissue가 차지하는 비율이 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다. The objective of this study was to observe the histology of dental pulp healing after tooth replantation in rats. The maxillary right first molars of 4-week-old rat were extracted. and then the teeth were repositioned in the original socket. At 3 days after replantation. there was localized inflammatory reaction. But, pulp revasculization and healing had already begun in the root area. At 5 days after replantation. odonto blast-like cells were observed. Tertiary dentin deposition was observed beneath the pulp-dentin border from 1 week after replantation. And tertiary dentin was increased at 2 weeks after replantation. The presence of odontoblast-like cells and the formation of tertiary dentin were continued to 4 weeks after replantation. At 4 weeks after replantation. the deposition of bone-like tissues and cementum-like tissues was observed. This results show that there is a possibility of pulp healing after tooth replantation in rats and the mineralization of tooth can progress. The mineralization of tooth after replantation was initially occurred by the deposition of tertiary dentin. but as time passed. the deposition of bone-like tissues and cementum-like tissues was begun and increased.
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정철영,고재관,황원채,윤희철,박가열,김재호,이성식,김동승,표성일,이건남,양안나,최수정,김은석 한국직업능력개발원 2008 직업능력개발연구 Vol.11 No.1
이 연구의 목적은 제대군인에 대한 효율적인 전직지원을 위해서 현행 전직지원 프로세스에 대한 개선 안과 이에 따른 국방부, 국가보훈처 등 제대군인 전직지원관련 기관 간의 역할분담 및 연계방안에 대해서 제안하는 것이다. 연구는 크게 세 가지 과정을 거쳤다. 첫째, 국내 군 전직지원 실태를 분석하여 문제점과 시사점을 도출하였다. 둘째, 이러한 문제점과 시사점, 군 전직지원 선행연구를 종합하여 효율적인 군 전직지원 프로세스 안을 제시하였다. 셋째, 구축한 군 전직지원 프로세스 안에 따라 주요 군 전직지원 관련 기관인 국방부, 국가보훈처의 역할 분담 안을 제안하였다. This study aims to suggest an improvement plan for the support process of effective occupation change for discharged soldiers and then role assignments among related institutions for supporting discharged soldiers such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor and the cooperation plan among the institutions. The study was made in three steps. First, after analyzing currents support facts and status for discharged soldiers, it induced its problems and implications. Second, integrating the findings of previous studies related to support plan on occupation changes for the discharged soldiers, Problems and implications mentioned above, it constructed effective occupation change process for discharged soldiers. Then, according to the established process, it suggested role assignments such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor.
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독일통일과정을 통해서 본 한반도 통일과 사회통합을 위한 교회의 역할 모색
고영은(Young-Eun Go) 영남신학대학교 2016 신학과 목회 Vol.45 No.-
Over 70 years have passed after the division of Korean peninsula. Until now, the state of divided Korean peninsula has become a burdenous, risky reality to surrounding countries in the international politic reality as well as an agony to Korean people. Such that, the division of Korean peninsular has become not only a problem but also a task to be solved for Korean churches. Although much time has passed after the breakup of cold war, but both Koreas have not get out of the mutual confrontation. North Korean 4th nuclear test and rocket launching which have been happened lately caused the closure of Gaesong Industrial Complex and the shut of both Koreas’ dialogue having been barely kept until then. In order to embrace the problem of divided Korea and to open a new prospect in the unification field, this study intended to seek the direction for South Korean churches to go that they have a long way to go by tracing the tracks of German churches. During the process of German Unification, the Germany went through a lot trials and errors and errors of judgement. However, in spite of such errors of judgement, the German eventually accepted the unification between West Germany and East Germany and became a people overcoming the agony of divided country. In spite of the state that Germany was divided into West Germany and East Germany, but German churches in both Germanies kept the conformity and the solidarity, so they took the role as a major subject in the East Germany’s democratization and the German Unification. The churches in East and West German territories recognized themselves as a ‘special community’ each other and accepted, understood each other. It can be said that based on such mutual understanding, West German churches’ support for East German churches and East German churches’ solidarity with the West German churches and their communication with the World Church Association substantially contributed in forming the social integration between West and East german people during their unification process. Besides, East German churches took a core role in the composition of organizations of East German society’s democratization and such organizations’ solidarity as well as their peaceful demonstration. And they collected various opinions from social members in various fields through the ‘round-table conference’ and took a major role as the arbitrator for peace and reconciliation. Such activities can be said to be meaningful in that churches took a central role in taking socially public roles, not simply as a worship community. German church’s core role in the social integration during the process of German Unification can give the right answer for question about how today South Korean churches will deal with the matter of Korean Unification. First of all, South Korean churches need to intensify the conformity and the solidarity between North and South Korean churches through South Korean churches’ continual exchanges and cooperation. Second, for the North-South Korean churches’ cooperation and exchanges beyond the current political ideology, they need to remain the political neutral position in that there may occur confrontal states and conflicts between Both Koreans depending on the changing security situations. Third, like that East German churches went out of the isolation through its exchange with the World Church Association as well as with West German churches and took an important rple in realizing the German Unification, the North-South Korean churches’ exchange & cooperation in various fields requires their solidarity with the World Church Association.
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Eun Kyoung Koh(고은경),Young Ju Lee(이영주),Ji Eun Kim(김지은),Moon Hwa Kwak(곽문화),Jun Go(고준),Hong Joo Son(손홍주),Hee Seob Lee(이희섭),Young Jin Jung(정영진),Dae Youn Hwang(황대연) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.6
미더덕껍질(Styela clava tunic, SCT)은 항염증 복합체, 창상필름, 골재생 유도 등을 포함한 다양한 의학적인 치료영역에 이용 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미더덕껍질 열수추출물(aqueous extract of Styela clava tunic, AE-SCT)의 H₂O₂에 의해 유발된 세포사멸의 보호 효과를 알아보기 위하여 세포 활성도의 변화에 관련된 요인을 측정하였다. 그 결과, AE-SCT는 3.3 mg/g의 플라보노이드와 32.3 mg/g의 페놀화합물을 포함하고 있었으며, HepG2 세포주에 독성을 유발하지 않았다. 또한, H₂O₂ 처리 후 AE-SCT를 처리하는 실험에서 AE-SCT는 H2O2에 의해 유발된 세포사멸을 개선하는 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나, H₂O₂ 처리전에 AE-SCT를 사전 처리하는 예방효과 실험에서, 세포생존율은 H₂O₂만 처리한 그룹에 비하여 AE-SCT를 처리한 그룹에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 특히 AE-SCT를 50 μg/ml 처리한 농도에서 가장 높았다. 또한, FACS분석과 DAPI 염색에서도 사멸 세포의 수는 H₂O₂만 처리한 그룹에 비하여 AE-SCT를 처리한 그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 더불어, H₂O₂의 처리에 의해 유도된 Bax/Bcl-2 발현비율은 AE-SCT처리에 의해 농도의존적으로 감소되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 AE-SCT가 H₂O₂에 의해 유발된 세포사멸을 예방하는 우수한 효과를 가지고 있음을 제시하고 있어 향후 다양한 항산화 제품 개발을 위한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Styela Clava tunic (SCT) has found some applications in many areas of medical treatment including as an anti-inflammatory compound, a wound healing film, in guided bone regeneration, and as a food additive. The protective effect of SCT aqueous extract (AE-SCT) on cell death induced by H₂O₂ treatment was investigated by measuring the changes in cell viability in HepG2 cells after AE-SCT treatment. High concentrations of antioxidant compounds including flavonoids (3.3 mg/g) and phenolics (32.3 mg/g) were detected in AE-SCT but no significant cytotoxicity was observed in HepG2 cells treated with AE-SCT. The viability of HepG2 cells was also not changed by treatment with different concentrations of AE-SCT after H₂O₂ treatment. However, cell viability was significantly increased in cells treated with three different concentrations of AE-SCT before H₂O₂ treatment. The greatest increase in cell viability was observed in the group treated with 50 μg/ml AE-SCT, when compared with vehicle-treated group. FACS and DAPI staining analysis indicated that the decrease in number of dead cells was dependent on the concentration of AE-SCT. Alterations in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio after H₂O₂ treatment were significantly restored by treatment with different concentrations of AE-SCT. These results indicate that AE-SCT, which contains high levels of antioxidants, may protect cells against death induced by H₂O₂ treatment.
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Go, Jun,Kim, Ji Eun,Koh, Eun Kyoung,Song, Sung Hwa,Kang, Hyun Gu,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Han Do,Hong, Jin Tae,Hwang, Dae Youn Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2017 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.13 No.50
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Gall (Galla Rhois [GR]) is known to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, and anti-invasion activities and exert hepatoprotective effects. However, the hepatoprotective effects of gallotannin-enriched GR (GEGR) and their mechanisms have not yet been investigated.</P><P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>The potential protective effect of GEGR against hepatotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) was investigated.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>Changes in cell viability, apoptosis protein expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined in HepG2 cells that were pretreated with four different concentrations of GEGR (6.25–50 μg/ml) for 24 h before H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> exposure.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>GEGR consisted of gallotannin (69.2%), gallic acid (26.6%), and methyl gallate (4.2%) and showed remarkable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (inhibitory concentration 50% = 0.212 μg/ml). The lethal dose 50% and effective dose 50% values for the response of HepG2 cells to GEGR were determined to be 178 and 6.85 μg/ml, respectively. Significant reductions in the immunofluorescence intensity indicating apoptosis were also detected in the nuclei of HepG2 cells stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Annexin V after GEGR treatment. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and active caspase-3 level were higher in H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> + vehicle-treated cells. However, these levels gradually decreased to those of the No-treated group in the GEGR pretreated group even though little or no decrease was observed in response to low GEGR concentrations. Furthermore, the GEGR pretreated group showed a reduced level of 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate stained cells, indicating ROS generation relative to the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> + vehicle-treated group.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The results of this study provide strong evidence that GEGR can prevent cell death induced by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> in HepG2 cells through the induction of antioxidant conditions.</P><P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P><P>The gallotannin (69.2%), gallic acid (26.6%), and methyl gallate (4.2%) are the main constituents of water extracts of GR</P><P>GEGR was more potent in DPPH scavenging, and gallotannin contributes to this extract activity</P><P>GEGR significantly reduced the increase of apoptosis, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and active caspase-3 level after H2O2 treatment</P><P>GEGR pretreatment showed protection against H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced ROS production in DCFH-DA staining analysis.</P></P> >[FIG OMISSION]</BR><P><B>Abbreviations used:</B> COX: Cyclooxygenase; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; GEGR: Gallotannin-enriched Galla Rhois; GR: Galla Rhois; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>: Hydrogen peroxide; MMP: Metallopeptidase; MTT: 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; UV-Vis: Ultraviolet-visible.</P>
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Go Young-Eun,Kim Hyung-Joon,Jo Jung-Hyun,Lee Hyun-Ju,Do Jeong-Tae,Ko Jung-Jae,Lee Dong-Ryul 한국발생생물학회 2011 발생과 생식 Vol.15 No.1
In the present study, embryoid bodies (EBs) obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were induced to differentiate into germ lineage cells by treatment with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and retinoic acid (RA). The results were compared to the results for embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs) and quantified using immunocytochemical analysis of germ cell-specific markers (integrin-, GFR-, CD90/Thy1), fluorescence activating cell sorting (FACS), and real time-RT-PCR. We show that the highest levels of germ cell marker-expressing cells were obtained from groups treated with 10 ng/ BMP4 or 0.01 RA. In the BMP4-treated group, GFR- and CD90/Thy-1 were highly expressed in the EBs of iPSCs and ESCs compared to EBs of mSSCs. The expression of Nanog was much lower in iPSCs compared to ESCs and mSSCs. In the RA treated group, the level of GFR- and CD90/Thy-1 expression in the EBs of mSSCs Induced pluripotent stem cells, Mouse embryonic stem cells, Multipotent spermatogonial stem cells, Germ cell lineage, Differentiation potential. was much higher than the levels found in the EBs of iPSCs and similar to the levels found in the EBs of ESCs. FACS analysis using integrin-, GFR-, CD90/Thy1 and immunocytochemistry using GFR- antibody showed similar gene expression results. Therefore our results show that iPSC has the potential to differentiate into germ cells and suggest that a protocol optimizing germ cell induction from iPSC should be developed because of their potential usefulness in clinical applications requiring patient-specific cells.
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