상악골절단술 후 외전신경마비를 동반한 경동맥 해면정맥돌루

이원학,김동률,홍광진,이정구 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

Carotid cavernous sinus fistula(CCSF) is an abnormal communication at the base of the skull between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Fistula is almost associated with extensive facial trauma as a result of direct or indirect forces. Most fistulas of traumatic origin develop as a result of fractures through the base of the skull, which cause the laceration of the internal carotid artery near the cavernous sinus. The signs and symptoms of CCSF are pulsating exophthalmosis, orbital headache, pain, orbital or frontal bruit, loss of visual acuity, diplopia and ophthalmoplegia. Angiography reveals a definite CCSF and a detachable balloon embolization is known to be the treatment of choice. Even though carotid cavernous sinus fistula is an uncommon complication after orthognathic surgery, several cases of CCSF due to congenital anomalies, pre-existing aneurysms and abnormally thickened maxillary posterior wall have been reported in the literature. We have experienced a case of CCSF after Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement in skeletal class III patient and the cause, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this case.

우리나라 輸出構造 分析

李東烈 湖南大學校 1985 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The export of Korea, not with standing its unfavorable economic conditions including the shortage of natural resources and the narrowness of its domestic markets, has made great contribution to the higher degree of economic development of this country by the strength of the government's strong export-oriented importance of export in this country cannot be too much emphasized as export is closely connected with production, employment, income and various effects of import induction and contribution to the economic growth. Korea's export, however, has faced with many difficulties since the 2nd Oil Shock in 1979 because of the deterioration of expert conditions such as the continuous depression of the world economy, the intensification of stagflation and the reinforcement of the protective policy by developed countries. In particular, in the structure of the export commodities, the foreign exchange earning rate is going down as the weight has been gradually put on the heavy industries which have smaller effects of income induction and larger effects of import induction rather than light industries. And in the structure of export market the emphasis of heavy industries has caused an unfavorable trade balance even though the phenomena of regional overemphasis on particular markets have been much improved. For the purpose of solving these structural problems and of improving export of korea, the following opinions are suggested in this paper: 1. multilateral efforts to build up the international competitive power, 2. establishment of exporting order, 3. diversification of export markets and strengthening of marketing activities, 4. efforts to increase continuous export of light industry goods, 5. expansion of industrial base to raise the foreign exchange earning rate.

한국대학생의 음주양태와 생물정신사회적 요인의 상호관계

이창인,김학렬,박동건 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 및 방법 : 본 연구는 한국 남자 대학생의 음주양태와 생물학적, 심리사회적 요소의 연관성을 알아보기 위해, 약4개월에 걸쳐 조선대학교 의과대학 의학과 학생 750명중 예비조사 결과 선정된 94명의 남학생을 대상으로 음주양태에 대한 설문지, 생활사건척도, 사회지지척도, 내-외 통제척도, 성격차원검사, 상태-특성 불안척도, 간이정신진단검사, 에탄올 삽포검사를 통해 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 : 1) 소량음주군과 과량음주군(이후 두 군으로 칭함)의 가족력 비교결과 소량음주군의 가족에서 음주후 급성 신체반응 민감자가 많았다(p〈.005). 2) 소량음주군에서 음주후 급성 신체반응이 많았으며(p〈.005). 과량음주군에서 음주후 심리적 유쾌감이 높았으며(p〈.005). 심리적 불쾌감은 차이가 없었다. 3) 성격, 심리, 환경적 특성비교에서 과량음주군이 성격차원검사의 외향성 척도가 높고(p〈.01). 사회 지지척도상 물질적 지지도가 높았다(p〈.01). 4) 에탄올 삽포검사상 15분, 30분, 60분후 모두 소량음주군의 양성반응율이 높았다(p 〈.005). 5) 한국형 알코올 사용척도(AUI) 하위요인을 비교한 결과 요인 1, 2, 4는 α=0.005 수준에서, 요인 3는 α=0.01 수준에서 과량음주군이 높았다. 6) 두 군의 음주양태 비교에서 소량음주군은 유사 비음주자. 숭화형 음주자가 많았고, 과량음주군은 일과성 사교음주자, 자제형 사교음주자, 습관적 과음자, 충동적 폭음자가 많았다(p〈.005). 두 군의 음주 양상의 차이는 과량음주군은 음주 의존도, 음주기간, 일일 음주성향, 음주선호, 술의 돗수, 막걸리, 소주 및 맥주의 평균 주량과 최대 주량, 맥주의 한 모금에 마시는 양은 α=0.01 수준에서 높으며, 소량음주자는 술을 마시는 두 모금사이의 시간이 유의하게 길었다(p〈.005). 7) 두 군의 사회인구학적 변인의 비교에서 과량음주군의 흡연율이 상대적으로 높았고(p〈.01), 가족들의 주거지를 보면 과량음주군은 대도시 출신이 많은 반면 소량음주군은 시골 출신이 많았으며(p〈.05), 동거 가족수는 소량음주군이 많은 편이었다(p〈.05). 그외의 다른 사회인구학적인 변인에서 과량음주군은 부모의 학력이 모두 높았고(p〈.05), 부모의 부부사이가 나쁜 편이었다(p〈.05). 결 론 : 알코올중독의 원인론과 그 특성에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 비교적 균일하며 병적인 음주행태가 시작되는 대학생 집단에서 과량음주군과 소량음주군으로 나누어 비교했는데, 현저한 차이를 보이는 것은 ALDH 활성도 결핍과 강력히 연관된 것으로 추정되는 급성 신체(홍조)반응과 에탄올 삽포검사의 양성율의 차이였고 심리사회적인 측면은 다소의 차이가 있었으나 구체적인 해석에 어려움이 있었다. Objects and Methods : In order to evaluate the relationships between drinking habits and biological and psychosocial characteristics, the authors administrated the questionnaires about drinking patterns and acute physiological and psychological responses after drinking, several psychological scales and ethanol patch test to 94 male medical students in Chosun University. Results : 1) Low consumer group had significantly more severe physiological respondents after drinking in family members than high consumer group(p<0.05). 2) Low consumer group has significantly more severe acute physiological responses(p<0.005) and high consumer group revealed more positive psychological responses after drinking(p<0.05). But there was no difference in the degree of negative psychological responses between two group. 3) High consumer group had significantly more extroversion tendency(p<0.1) and received more financial support from family than low consumer group(p<0.1). 4) In the results of ethanol patch test, low consumer group showed more positive skin reaction in three test occasions than high consumer group (p<0.005). 5) Also the high consumer group revealed higher scores in factor 1, 2, 4(α=0.005), and 3(α=0.01) in comparison of factors of Korean Alcohol Use Inventory. 6) In comparison of drinking habits, low consumer group revealed higher incidence of nearly non-drinkers and sublimatory drinkers. But there were more casual social drinkers, sel-controlled social drinkers, impulsive-binge drinkers, and habitual-excessive drinkers in high consumer group(p<0.05). And in drinking patterns, the items of dependence and duration of drinking, daily drinking disposition, preferential beverage, average and maximum drinking amount of each liquor, and magnitude of sips taken were higher in high consumer group. Only one item of interval between sips was longer in low consumer group(o<.005). 7) In comparison of sociodemographic variables, there were more students who were smokers(p<0.1), from larger cities and small family(P<0.5), and whose parents were well educated(P<0.5) but had worse marital relationship(P<0.5) in high consumer group. Conclusion : For better explanation of the etiology and characteristics of alcoholism, we investigated the differences in various aspects between low alcohol consumers and high alcohol consumer in college students. The most evident differences lied in the degree of acute physiological reaction and positive rates of ethanol patch test that strongly suggested the relations with the activity of ALDH. Some differences in psychosocial aspects between two groups were noticed but could not appropriately be explained at this time.

중국의 대외전략과 동아시아 정치군사질서

이동률 가톨릭대학교 아ㆍ태지역연구원 중국연구센터 1997 現代中國 Vol.- No.1

選定當事者制度에 관한 硏究

李東律 건국대학교 1997 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.44 No.-

Im Zivilproze β eine seite und jeder Partei ko¨nnen mehrere Personen in einem Verfahren Partei sind, die mu¨ndliche Verhandlung, Zustellungen und Ladungen sind schwierig werden. Im fa¨lle der nichtrechtsfa¨hige Verein, das ist Parteifa¨hig. Aber das ist nicht Parteifa¨hig, die einfach Streitgenossenschatt order die notwendige Streitgenossenschaft sind in einem Verfahren alle mehrere Personen. Wenn einer Partei von viele Parteien tot ist, in die notwendige streitgenossenschaft and in die einfache Streitgenossenschaft ist die Unterbrechung. In einem Unheil steuern die Unterbrechung, die Auswahl der viele Parteien ist erfunden. Auch einfache Art in solches Zivilproze β ist die 'Auswahl der Partei.' Das ist einer von viele Parteien gewa¨hlt. Aber 'die Auswahl der Partei' kann der Proze β rechtlich und tatsa¨chlich weitgefu¨hrt werden. Die Auswahl der Partei hat, in eigenem Namen, u¨ber ein fremdes Recht oder fremde Verbindlichkeit zu prozessiern. Na¨mlich der Inhaber des streitigen Rechts einem Dritten zur Proze β fu¨hrung im eigenen Namen erma¨chtigen (kann, so da β der Dritte selbst Partei (Und nicht Vertreter!)ist. Dieses System wird vom England abgeleitet, und ist nur im Korean, aber nicht im Deutshland.

外國人 投資制度 및 實態分析

李東烈 湖南大學校 1987 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.8 No.1

Due to the successful policy of economic development by export promotion since 1960's, our conutry has attained the contiunal high economic development and become one of newly industrializing conutries. However, it must be pointed out that one of major factors which play a great part in the courseof this rapid economic development is the introduction of foreign capital which has greatly contributed to the capital forming in our conutry. As the Result of it, it is at a heavy burden on our country that there are difficulties such as the presure of the balance of international payment, because the size of foreign debt at the end of 1986 is over 44.5 billion dollars, which is grater than the approriate proportion of yearly repayment of the amount with interest added against GNP. Thus, government is inviting the investment of foreigners positively for the purpose of supplying fo necessary funds without the direct buden resulted from the repayment of the amount with interest added. Recently, the step government takes for a step by step liberartion of capital according to the nation economic requirement and the trend of worldwide open-economic system are as follow : firstly, the open policy of foreign investment by the entire reorganization of the system of introduction of foreign capital, secondly, the simplification of the procedure of approval, and thirdly, the supply of incentive to further foreign investment, etc. In conclusion, according to these policies of government, foreign investment will be made more actively in our economy.

방향성 결합기를 이용한 단일모드 광섬유 무편광기

이동렬,전상민,김용평 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 2002 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.8 No.-

In this study, we demonstrated passive single-mode fiber depolarizer for WDM optical communications. We simulated that birefringence of fiber-ring is acted as a depolarizer and found the proper parameters. The minimum degree of polarization of -20dB was achieved. Application of this depolarizer includes not only fiber optic sensors but also WDM optical communications with very narrow spectral width.

연폭로 근로자들에 있어서 신(腎)기능 장해 지표에 관한 연구

이상주,홍영습,김성률,김동일,김준연,정갑열 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

A range of indicators is available to assess renal dysfunction in lead exposure. This study was undertaken to find out which indicators were most valuable as markers of renal dysfunction. We selected 75 male workers from the secondary lead smelter, plastic stabilizer and radiator manufacturing industries (the "exposed" group) and 64 male office workers (the "control" group). Blood lead; blood zinc protoporphyrin; urine lead; urine coproporphyrin; δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity; and urine δ-aminolevulinic acid were chosen as indicators of lead exposure. Blood urea nitrogen; serum creatinine; serum uric acid; N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; urine albumin; urine α₁-microglobulin; and urine β₂-microglobulin were used as indicators of renal dysfunction. Urine α₁-microglobulin level was significantly associated with the lead exposre level. Blood urea nitrogen, urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and urine α₁-microglobulin levels were highly correlated with indicators of lead exposure. Urine α₁-microglobulin had the highest correlation with other indicators of renal function. In addition, the proportion of subjects with high urine α₁-microglobulin levels showed a gradient with lead exposure. Conclusively, blood urea nitrogen, urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and urine α₁-microglobulin are useful indicators, but urine α₁-microglobulin is the early and the most valuable indicator of renal dysfunction related to lead exposure.

崩漏의 鍼灸治療에 대한 文獻的 考察

李惠景,柳同烈 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2001 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.9 No.2

In the Literal Study on the Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment on the Bungru, the results were as follows. 1.The Bungru means an abnormal bleeding of femail genetalia, and is devided to Bungjung and Bungha. 2.The etiological factors of Bungru are heat of blood, asthenic coldness, asthenia of chong and ren channels, deficiency of blood, deficiency of vital energy, stagnated blood, and asthenia of spleen & stomach. 3.In the frequency of practical use in Acupuncture treatment, the order was Ren channel, Bladder meridian, Liver meridian, Spleen meridian and Kidney meridian. 4.In the frequency of practical use in Moxibustion treatment, the order was Extra Points, Ren channel, Bladder meridian, Spleen meridian, Liver meridian and Kidney meridian. 5.The most using points of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment on the Bungru were Samumgyo(Sp6), Taechung(Liv3), Hyolhae(Sp10), Umgok(B10), Kihae(CV6), Chung-guk(CV3), Kwanwon(CV4), Unbaek(Sp1) and etc. 6.The charicteristics of the most used points were nourishing the spleen, regulating the middle warmer, cleaning the blood, promoting blood circulation, activating blood circulation, promoting the vital energy, regulating the obstruction of vital energy, nourishing the kidney and so on. 7.In the new Acupuncture therapy, Ear-acupuncture, Head-acupuncture, Foot-acupuncture and Skin-acupuncture were used.

영주지방에 있어서 봉군의 실내월동 시험

이동률,이종원,이석건,최광수 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 2001 慶北大農學誌 Vol.19 No.-

The studies was conducted to establish the indoor overwintering methods for productive honeybee colonies in the wintering chamber which provides satisfactory inside temperature ranging 2∼9。C and ventilation for the wintering honeybee colonies in Korea. Mortality of the indoor wintered honeybee colonies was 6.3∼7.1% during the winter season of 1997-1998 and 5∼10% during the winter season 1998∼1999. The decreased rates of colony weights during the wintering season were 10.6∼10.7% in the strong colonies and 10.2∼11.7% in the weak colonies. The increased rates of colony population overwintered in the chamber were 136.1∼142.3% in the strong colonies and 128∼136.5% in the weak colonies.