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Kwon, Yong Hyun,Jang, Sung Ho Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2012 Neural regeneration research Vol.7 No.24
<P>We performed functional MRI examinations in six right-handed healthy subjects. During functional MRI scanning, transcranial direct current stimulation was delivered with the anode over the right primary sensorimotor cortex and the cathode over the left primary sensorimotor cortex using dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation. This was compared to a cathode over the left supraorbital area using conventional single-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation. Voxel counts and blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensities in the right primary sensorimotor cortex regions were estimated and compared between the two transcranial direct current stimulation conditions. Our results showed that dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation induced greater cortical activities than single-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation. These findings suggest that dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation may provide more effective cortical stimulation than single-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation.</P>
Jung, Un Ju,Kim, Sang Ryong Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2014 Neural regeneration research Vol.9 No.16
<P>Recently, we have demonstrated the ability of naringin, a well-known flavanone glycoside of grapefruits and citrus fruits, to prevent neurodegeneration in a neurotoxin model of Parkinson's disease. Intraperitoneal injection of naringin protected the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection by increasing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression and decreasing the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in dopaminergic neurons and microglia, respectively. These results suggest that naringin can impart to the adult dopaminergic neurons the ability to produce glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor against Parkinson's disease with anti-inflammatory effects. Based on these results, we would like to describe an important perspective on its possibility as a therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease.</P>
Behnam, Mahdiyeh,Jin-Hong, Shin,Kim, Dae-Seong,Basiri, Keivan,Nilipour, Yalda,Sedghi, Maryam Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2014 Journal of research in medical sciences Vol.19 No.8
<P>Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (hIBM) is an adult-onset hereditary myopathy, usually with distal onset and quadriceps sparing. This myopathy is autosomal recessive and associated to UPD-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene mutations. In this study, we report a novel GNE homozygous point mutation c.1834T>G that results in amino acid substitution of cysteine 612 to glutamine in an Iranian patient. This mutation is located in exon 10 within the kinase domain of the protein.</P>
Kim, Ji Yeong,Jeon, Woo Joo,Kim, Dong Hwee,Rhyu, Im Joo,Kim, Young Hwan,Youn, Inchan,Park, Jong Woong Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2014 Neural regeneration research Vol.9 No.14
<P>Platelet-rich plasma containing various growth factors can promote nerve regeneration. An inside-out vein graft can substitute nerve autograft to repair short nerve defects. It is hypothesized that an inside-out vein graft filled with platelet-rich plasma shows better effects in the repair of short sciatic nerve defects. In this study, an inside-out vein autograft filled with platelet-rich plasma was used to bridge a 10 mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats. The sciatic nerve function of rats with an inside-out vein autograft filled with platelet-rich plasma was better improved than that of rats with a simple inside-out vein autograft. At 6 and 8 weeks, the sciatic nerve function of rats with an inside-out vein autograft filled with platelet-rich plasma was better than that of rats undergoing nerve autografting. Compared with the sciatic nerve repaired with a simple inside-out vein autograft, the number of myelinated axons was higher, axon diameter and myelin sheath were greater in the sciatic nerve repaired with an inside-out vein autograft filled with platelet-rich plasma and they were similar to those in the sciatic nerve repaired with nerve autograft. These findings suggest that an inside-out vein graft filled with platelet-rich plasma can substitute nerve autograft to repair short sciatic nerve defects.</P>
<i>Panax ginseng</i> induces the expression of <i>CatSper</i> genes and sperm hyperactivation
Park, Eun Hwa,Kim, Do Rim,Kim, Ha Young,Park, Seong Kyu,Chang, Mun Seog Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2014 ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY Vol.16 No.6
<P>The cation channel of sperm (CatSper) protein family plays important roles in male reproduction and infertility. The four members of this family are expressed exclusively in the testis and are localized differently in sperm. To investigate the effects of <I>Panax ginseng</I> treatment on the expression of <I>CatSper</I> genes and sperm hyperactivation in male mice, sperm motility and <I>CatSper</I> gene expression were assessed using a computer-assisted semen analysis system, a Fluoroskan Ascent microplate fluorometer to assess Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> influx, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results suggested that the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> levels of sperm cells treated with <I>P. ginseng</I> were increased significantly compared with the normal group. The <I>P. ginseng</I>-treated groups showed increased sperm motility parameters, such as the curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement. Taken together, the data suggest that <I>CatSper</I> messenger ribonucleic acid levels were increased significantly in mouse testes in the <I>P. ginseng</I>-treated group, as was the protein level, with the exception of <I>CatSper2</I>. In conclusion, <I>P. ginseng</I> plays an important role in improving sperm hyperactivation via <I>CatSper</I> gene expression.</P>
Lee, Ho-Sung,Kang, Dai-In,Yoon, Seung Zhoo,Ryu, Yeon Hee,Lee, Inhyung,Kim, Hoon-Gi,Lee, Byung-Cheon,Lee, Ki Bog Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2015 Neural regeneration research Vol.10 No.7
<P>With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-week-old rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.</P>
Kwon, Yong Hyun,Kang, Kyung Woo,Son, Sung Min,Lee, Na Kyung Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2015 Neural regeneration research Vol.10 No.3
<P>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), an emerging technique for non-invasive brain stimulation, is increasingly used to induce changes in cortical excitability and modulate motor behavior, especially for upper limbs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tDCS of the primary motor cortex on visuomotor coordination based on three levels of task difficulty in healthy subjects. Thirty-eight healthy participants underwent real tDCS or sham tDCS. Using a single-blind, sham-controlled crossover design, tDCS was applied to the primary motor cortex. For real tDCS conditions, tDCS intensity was 1 mA while stimulation was applied for 15 minutes. For the sham tDCS, electrodes were placed in the same position, but the stimulator was turned off after 5 seconds. Visuomotor tracking task, consisting of three levels (levels 1, 2, 3) of difficulty with higher level indicating greater difficulty, was performed before and after tDCS application. At level 2, real tDCS of the primary motor cortex improved the accurate index compared to the sham tDCS. However, at levels 1 and 3, the accurate index was not significantly increased after real tDCS compared to the sham tDCS. These findings suggest that tasks of moderate difficulty may improve visuomotor coordination in healthy subjects when tDCS is applied compared with easier or more difficult tasks.</P>
Kang, H.,Koppula, S. Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2014 Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol.76 No.4
<P><I>Houttuynia cordata</I> Thunb (<I>Saururaceae</I>) is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat several disease symptoms. The present study was focused on the hepatoprotective effects of <I>H. cordata</I> ethyl acetate extract in experimental mice. Further the antioxidant potential of the extract was also evaluated to substantiate its hepatoprotective properties. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in mice was used to measure the serum biochemical parameters. Morphological changes in hepatocyte architecture were studied by haematoxylin and eosin staining. <I>In vitro</I> alkyl and hydroxyl free radical scavenging assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect. Administration of <I>H. cordata</I> extract significantly reduced the elevated serum levels and regulated the altered levels of serum cholesterol in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice (<I>P</I><0.05). The morphological changes in hepatocyte architecture were also reversed by <I>H. cordata</I> treatment. Further, the extract showed significant antioxidant actions by scavenging the alkyl and hydroxyl free radicals. The concentration of the extract necessary for 50% scavenging of alkyl and hydroxyl radicals was 15.5 and 410 μg/ml, respectively. <I>H. cordata</I> extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective property in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The strong antioxidant activities possessed by the extract might be responsible for such actions.</P>