Identification of Ellagitannins in Black Raspberry Seeds and Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Ellagitannins Using Artificial Neural Network Coupled with Genetic Algorithm

Ga Eun Lee,Ryun Hee Kim,Taehwan Lim,Jaecheol Kim,Suna Kim,Keum Taek Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

This study aimed to identify ellagitannins in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) seeds (BS) and to optimize accelerated solvent extraction of ellagitannins using artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA). Ellagitannins were fractionated using Amberlite XAD-16N and Sephadex LH-20 resins. The ellagitannin fraction was qualitatively analyzed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. BS had mainly monomeric and dimeric ellagitannins such as pedunculagin, castalagin, acutissimin A, sanguiin H-10, casuarictin, sanguiin H-2, sanguiin H-6, and sanguiin H-6 without a gallic moiety. For ANN modeling, extraction time (3-9 min), extraction temperature (40-70°C), and solvent concentration (50-100% acetone) were set as independent input variables, and total ellagitannin content was set as output variable. The ANN of this study had an input layer with three neurons, a hidden layer with ten neurons, and an output layer with one neuron. The optimal extraction conditions of the total ellagitannin content were predicted by the trained ANN coupled with GA. This study is the first attempt to analyze ellagitannin content in BS.

일할 수밖에 없는 여성노인의 다중차별 경험에 관한 연구

정순둘,장명선,이은진,송보가,김재민 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2021 이화젠더법학 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 노동시장에서 일할 수밖에 없는 여성노인의 다중차별 경험을 파악하여 이들의 노동권을 보호하고 차별을 해소하기 위한 방안을 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 노인집중 고용 업종에 종사하는 60세 이상 여성노인 14명을 대상으로 심층면접조사를 진행하였다. 본 연구 결과, 일할 수밖에 없는 여성노인들은 노동시장의 입직 단계에서부터 성별, 연령, 건강의 다중차별에 의한 상시적인 고용불안과 사회안전망에서의 배제를 경험하였다. 또한 일하는 조직의 불평등 지배체제 특성으로 일상화된 고용불안, 열악한 노동조건과 복지제도의 미비, 노인친화적이지 않은 노동 강도와 근무 제공, 노인 노동 평가 절하에 따른 조직 위계 문화와 관행, 과도한 노동 제공의 요구와 성희롱의 일상화, 조직 내에서 이해를 대변하는 데 어려움을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 일할 수밖에 없는 여성노인의 다중차별을 해소하기 위한 법과 제도의 개선, 사회안전망 강화, 여성노인 노동자 이해대변단체 조직화 지원을 제언하였다. This study aims to (i) identify the experience of multiple discrimination among older women, who have no choice but to work in the labor market; (ii) protect their labor rights; and (iii) resolve discrimination. To conduct this study, we performed an in-depth interview survey with 14 older women aged 60 or older who are engaged in the elderly intensive employment sector. Under the result of this study, older women, who have no choice but to work, have experienced constant employment insecurity and exclusion from the social safety net due to multiple discrimination in gender, age, and health from the employment stage in the labor market. In addition, because of inequality organizations, they have experienced as follows: employment insecurity that became common, poor labor conditions and inadequate welfare systems, unfriendly labor intensity and provision of work, organizational hierarchical culture and practices due to devaluation of elderly labor, demand for excessive labor provision and sexual harassment routinely, and difficulties in representing understanding within the organization. Based on the results of this study, therefore, this study provides suggestions to resolve the multiple discrimination of older women, who have no choice but to work, including but no limited to, improve laws and systems, strengthen the social safety net, and organize support for the organization of interest groups for older women workers.

장기요양노인병원에서 발생한 보라색 오줌 증후군 또는 Purple Urine Bag Syndrome 16예 보고 및 문헌 리뷰

최규동(Gyu-Dong Choi),가혁(Hyuk Ga),박기호(Ki-Ho Park),유병익(Byung-Ik Yoo),김성민(Sung-Min Kim),강문철(Moon-Chul Kang),이은자(Eun-Jah Lee),박승태(Seung-Tae Park) 대한임상노인의학회 2007 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

연구배경: 1978년 란셋 잡지에 보라색 소변에 대한 보고가 최초로 있은 이래, 이 현상에 대한 생화학적, 미생물학적, 임상적 규명이 있었다. 보라색 소변은 환자나 환자 가족에게 불편하거나 걱정스러운 질병이다. 그러나 대개의 경우 환자의 건강에 실제적인 위험이 되는 경우는 거의 없다. 심지어 보라색 소변은 열심히 치료할 필요가 없다고 주장하는 사람도 있다. 이에 대조군 연구를 통하여 보라색 소변의 위험요인과 임상적인 의미(심각성)에 대하여 평가를 하고자 한다. 방법: 2007년 2월부터 4월 사이에 인천은혜병원에 입원하고 있는 381명의 환자들 중 도뇨관을 삽입하고 있는 65명을 대상으로 하였다. 이 65명은 65세 이하이거나 1개월 이하동안 도뇨관을 갖고있는 환자는 제외한 숫자이다. 대상 환자는 모두 실리콘제의 폴리카테터와 일회용 소변주머니를 사용하였고 카테터의 교환주기는 특별한 경우 외에는 1개월마다 교환하였다. 대상환자 중 16명이 보라색 소변을 보여, 멸균생리식염수로 방광세척을 한 뒤 카테터와 소변 주머니를 소독된 새 것으로 무균적으로 교환한 뒤 소변배양을 실시하였다. 관련 환자와 대조군의 비교항목들을 통계처리하여 통계적인 유의성을 확인하였으며, 변수의 분석은 신뢰도 95%로(P value 0.05) 카이스퀘어 가설검정과 만-휘트니 U검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 보라색 소변을 보였던 환자들의 나이 평균은 80세였고 전원이 와상상태의 할머니였다. 대상환자의 진단명 중 가장 많은 것은 치매였다. 평균 도뇨기간은 22개월 이었다. 보라색소변을 보인환자군은 보이지 않은 환자들 보다 평균 도뇨기간이 길었으며, 변비가 더 심하였고 변비치료용 좌약 사용빈도가 높았다. 대조군에서는 조사기간 전 1개월 이내에 항생제를 사용한 빈도가 약간 더 높았으나 통계적인 의미는 확실하지 않았다. 결론: 보라색소변은 장기요양노인병원에서 흔히 발생하는 문제이다. 이전 연구들에서 없었던 보라색 소변과 항생제사용과의 관련성 및 변비치료제로 bisacodyl 좌약사용과의 관련성, 소변 카테터의 삽입기간 등에 대한 정보를 추가하여 얻을 수 있었다. Background: Since the first report of purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) by Barlow and Dickson in 1978, many researchers have tried to reveal the clinical and bacteriological background of this phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge, most of them were case or case series reports and only three were case-control studies which compared the clinical, biochemical, or bacteriological background between patients with and without PUBS. It is certain that PUBS is an uncomfortable or troubling issue for some patients and their families. However, most of the patients who presented with PUBS were, largely, asymptomatic and it is apparent that PUBS is not a disease per se, nor does it appear to represent any real danger to patient's health, and some authors go so far as to even advocate that it is unnecessary to treat PUBS-affected patients aggressively. In this case-control study, we reviewed risk factors and clinical significance of PUBS in geriatric wards. Methods: Of the 381 hospitalized patients in a hospital specialized in the long term care of the elderly handicapped (Incheon Eun-Hye Hospital, Incheon, Korea), 65 patients who featured urinary catheterization during the period from February 2007 and April 2007 were enrolled in this study. Subjects who were younger than 65 or catheterized duration was less than one month were excluded. The same types of silicone Foley balloon catheter and disposable plastic urine bag were used for all patients. Routine Foley catheter change interval was one month. For the 16 patients who exhibits PUBS, bladder irrigation with normal saline and immediate change of urine bag and catheter were performed. And urine culture was done. Variables were statistically analyzed by chi square test or Mann-Whitney's U-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The PUBS patients mean age was 80, and bed ridden female. Most common diagnosis was dementia. Mean duration of the catheterization was 22 months. The PUBS patients were more constipated than non-PUBS control group and used more bisacodyl suppository. Antibiotics usage within one month before this survey in PUBS group is more frequent than control group with borderline statistical significance. Conclusion: PUBS is frequently occurring problem in long-term care geriatric wards. Causative factors are tryptophan putrefaction (decreased intestinal absorption, motility), alkaline urine, oxygen (air, Foley catheterization). All factors are bacterial infection related. Our results were the same as previous results. Relationship with antibiotics usage, bisacodyl suppository and constipation, long term usage of the Foley catheter notified also. Female predomination is related with easy, frequent urinary infection, and more population in old age.

수면량과 집중력의 상관관계

김병우,류지근,박우진,박계원,김미정,임지은,백대현,최재덕,최윤호,이가현,이관,김덕수 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

수면, 기억 그리고 학습의 연관성은 실제 매우 복잡하다. 많은 연구에도 불구하고 명확한 연구결과는 아직 없다. 우리는 이 연구에서 평소와는 달리 시험 전날 수면 변화 양상이 집중력에 어느 정도 영향력을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였고, 이를 이용해 효율적인 수면 관리를 할 수 있는 기초자료로 삼고자 하였다. 동국대 의대 본과 1학년생 중 지원자 30명과 본과 2학년생 10명을 대상으로 평상시 상태와 시험 직후 수면이 부족한 상태에서 각각 K-PES TEST를 실시하여 총 8항목에 걸쳐 암기력, 판단력, 단순반응의 변화정도를 검사하였다. 또 설문조사를 병행하여 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다른 인자들도 파악하였다. 수면량에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 인간의 최대 생리학적 기능은 꼭 수면부족에 의해 좌우되는 것은 아니다. 그러나, 수면감소는 피로를 증가시키고, 동기부여를 감소시키나 단, 새로운 사실을 학습하는 데에는 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는다. 즉, 수면부족으로 장시간 깨어있는 것은 정확성과 반응성을 떨어뜨린다. 흡연에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 니코틴의 수면에 대한 상호관계는 알려지지 않았고, 인간의 감정이나 의식, 인식에 영향을 주는 것으로 알고있지만, 장기적은 측면에서 흡연이나 알코올은 인식능력과 무관한 것 같다. 카페인에 대한 숫자 외우기(암기력)검사 결과, 카페인은 spacial selective attention에는 특별한 영향을 주지 않지만 지각과정이나 주의 집중에 큰 효과를 주며, 인간의 의식 수행에 긍정적인 효과를 준다. 즉 카페인은 활력, 혼란, 피로상태를 변화시키고 visual analog scales에서 휴식상태에 가까운 양상을 나타낸다. 또 48시간 동안 수면을 취하지 않은 사람에게 카페인은 집중력과 장시간의 좋은 기분을 유지하게 하였다. 그러나 규칙적, 비규칙적으로 먹는 사람간에는 인지수행력의 차이를 보이지 않으며 상용자에서는 상당한 내성이 보인다. 수면패턴에 대한 숫자 더하기(순간 판단력)검사 결과, 집중력은 수면패턴에 의해서도 영향을 받고, 수면패턴이 바뀌게 되면 순간판단력을 저하시킨다. This study was performed to evaluate relationship of sleep and attention, and to control sleep effectively. We conducted a K-PES test of 40 medical students. K-PES contains eight elements, for example, simple response, selective response, color pairing, OddEven discrimination, number addition, number-symbol matching, memory, right-tapping, left tapping. Through these, we tested changes of memory, judgement, simple response. And we conducted a questionnaire survey to exclude bias. Results are as follows. As a results of number-symbol matching test, we know that sleeplessness is not complete responsible for physiologic function for humans. But, decreased sleep increases fatigue and decreases motivation, but no influence on learning new materials. So, long term sleeplessness decreases precision and responsibility. As a results of number-symbol matching test on smoking, a relationship of nicotine and sleep is not certain. A point of view in long term period, smoking and drinking is not related cognition, even if we know that those influence mood, consciousness and cognition. As a results of memory work test on caffeine, caffeine does not influence spacial selective attention, but mainly does perception, attention and consiousness process. Namely caffeine changes energetic activities, chaos, fatigue states and shows resting state in visual analog scales In sleeplessness for 48 hours, caffeine produced attention and good mood for a long time. But, in case of cognitive process no significance shows in regular or irregular diet. Regular diet shows high resistance. As a results of number addition test on sleep patterns, seep patterns influence attention, changes of sleep patterns decrease a moment judgement.

효율적인 군 전직지원체제 정립 방안

정철영,고재관,황원채,윤희철,박가열,김재호,이성식,김동승,표성일,이건남,양안나,최수정,김은석 한국직업능력개발원 2008 직업능력개발연구 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 제대군인에 대한 효율적인 전직지원을 위해서 현행 전직지원 프로세스에 대한 개선 안과 이에 따른 국방부, 국가보훈처 등 제대군인 전직지원관련 기관 간의 역할분담 및 연계방안에 대해서 제안하는 것이다. 연구는 크게 세 가지 과정을 거쳤다. 첫째, 국내 군 전직지원 실태를 분석하여 문제점과 시사점을 도출하였다. 둘째, 이러한 문제점과 시사점, 군 전직지원 선행연구를 종합하여 효율적인 군 전직지원 프로세스 안을 제시하였다. 셋째, 구축한 군 전직지원 프로세스 안에 따라 주요 군 전직지원 관련 기관인 국방부, 국가보훈처의 역할 분담 안을 제안하였다. This study aims to suggest an improvement plan for the support process of effective occupation change for discharged soldiers and then role assignments among related institutions for supporting discharged soldiers such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor and the cooperation plan among the institutions. The study was made in three steps. First, after analyzing currents support facts and status for discharged soldiers, it induced its problems and implications. Second, integrating the findings of previous studies related to support plan on occupation changes for the discharged soldiers, Problems and implications mentioned above, it constructed effective occupation change process for discharged soldiers. Then, according to the established process, it suggested role assignments such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor.

Elderly Patients Exhibit Stronger Inflammatory Responses during Gout Attacks

Lee, Jae Hyun,Yang, Ji Ae,Shin, Kichul,Lee, Ga Hye,Lee, Won-Woo,Lee, Eun Young,Song, Yeong Wook,Lee, Eun Bong,Park, Jin Kyun KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2017 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.32 No.12

<P>Gout attacks are often accompanied by systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the retrospective study was to compare gout patients in different age groups in terms of their clinical features at gout attacks. Patients, who were treated for gout attack in two tertiary medical centers between January 2000 and April 2014, were divided into young (≤ 50 years), middle-aged, and elderly (> 65 years) groups. Patients in three age groups were compared in terms of presence of fever (> 37.8°C), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR) at the gout attacks. Monocytes, which were isolated from 10 consecutive patients who previously experienced gout attacks, were stimulated with monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and cytokine production was measured by flow cytometry. Among 254 patients analyzed in this study, 48 were young, 65 were middle-aged, and 141 were elderly. The elderly patients were more likely to have fever (51.1%) during the attack than the young (20.8%) and middle-aged (30.8%) patients (<I>P</I> < 0.001 by χ<SUP>2</SUP> test). They were also more likely to have higher ESR and CRP levels than the young patients (<I>P</I> = 0.002 for ESR, <I>P</I> < 0.001 for CRP). Patients' age correlated significantly with CRP and ESR levels (both <I>P</I> < 0.001). After stimulation with MSU, the production of interleukin-1β by monocytes increased with patients' age (<I>r</I> = 0.670, <I>P</I> = 0.03). In conclusion, gout attacks in elderly patients are associated with fever and higher ESR and CRP levels, often resembling a septic arthritis.</P>

MEKs/ERKs-mediated FBXO1/E2Fs interaction interference modulates G1/S cell cycle transition and cancer cell proliferation

Ga-Eun Lee,Dohyun Jeung,Weidong Chen,Jiin Byun,Joo Young Lee,Han Chang Kang,Hye Suk Lee,Dae Joon Kim,Jin-Sung Choi,Cheol-Jung Lee,Hyun-Jung An,Yong-Yeon Cho 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.1

E2F 1, 2, and 3a, (refer to as E2Fs) are a subfamily of E2F transcription factor family that play essential roles in cell-cycle progression, DNA replication, DNA repair, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although the transcriptional regulation of E2Fs has focused on pocket protein retinoblastoma protein complex, recent studies indicate that post-translational modification and stability regulation of E2Fs play key roles in diverse cellular processes. In this study, we found that FBXO1, a component of S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1)-cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) complex, is an E2Fs binding partner. Furthermore, FBXO1 to E2Fs binding induced K48 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of E2Fs. Binding domain analysis indicated that the Arg (R)/Ile (I) and R/Val (V) motifs, which are located in the dimerization domain of E2Fs, of E2F 1 and 3a and E2F2, respectively, acted as degron motifs (DMs) for FBXO1. Notably, RI/AA or RV/AA mutation in the DMs reduced FBXO1-mediated ubiquitination and prolonged the half-lives of E2Fs. Importantly, the stabilities of E2Fs were affected by phosphorylation of threonine residues located near RI and RV residues of DMs. Phosphorylation prediction database analysis and specific inhibitor analysis revealed that MEK/ERK signaling molecules play key roles in FBXO1/E2Fs’ interaction and modulate E2F protein turnover. Moreover, both elevated E2Fs protein levels by knockdown of FBXO1 and decreased E2Fs protein levels by sh-E2F3a delayed G1/S cell cycle transition, resulting in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. These results demonstrated that FBXO1-E2Fs axis-mediated precise E2Fs stability regulation plays a key role in cell proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition.

Dysregulated CREB3 cleavage at the nuclear membrane induces karyoptosis-mediated cell death

Lee Ga-Eun,Bang Geul,Byun Jiin,Lee Cheol-Jung,Chen Weidong,Jeung Dohyun,An Hyun-Jung,Kang Han Chang,Lee Joo Young,Lee Hye Suk,Hong Young-Soo,Kim Dae Joon,Keniry Megan,Kim Jin Young,Choi Jin-Sung,Fanto 생화학분자생물학회 2024 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.56 No.-

Cancer cells often exhibit resistance to apoptotic cell death, but they may be vulnerable to other types of cell death. Elucidating additional mechanisms that govern cancer cell death is crucial for developing new therapies. Our research identified cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 (CREB3) as a crucial regulator and initiator of a unique cell death mechanism known as karyoptosis. This process is characterized by nuclear shrinkage, deformation, and the loss of nuclear components following nuclear membrane rupture. We found that the N-terminal domain (aa 1-230) of full-length CREB3 (CREB3-FL), which is anchored to the nuclear inner membrane (INM), interacts with lamins and chromatin DNA. This interaction maintains a balance between the outward force exerted by tightly packed DNA and the inward constraining force, thereby preserving INM integrity. Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, aberrant cleavage of CREB3-FL at the INM leads to abnormal accumulation of the cleaved form of CREB3 (CREB3-CF). This accumulation disrupts the attachment of CREB3-FL to the INM, resulting in sudden rupture of the nuclear membrane and the onset of karyoptosis. Proteomic studies revealed that CREB3-CF overexpression induces a DNA damage response akin to that caused by UVB irradiation, which is associated with cellular senescence in cancer cells. These findings demonstrated that the dysregulation of CREB3-FL cleavage is a key factor in karyoptotic cell death. Consequently, these findings suggest new therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment that exploit the process of karyoptosis.

XPC polymorphisms and lung cancer risk

Lee, Ga Young,Jang, Jin-Sung,Lee, Sin Yeob,Jeon, Hyo-Sung,Kim, Kyung Mee,Choi, Jin Eun,Park, Jung Min,Chae, Myung Hwa,Lee, Won Kee,Kam, Sin,Kim, In-San,Lee, Jae-Tae,Jung, Tae Hoon,Park, Jae Yong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.115 No.5

<P>Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may be associated with differences in the capacity to repair DNA damage and thereby influence an individual's susceptibility to smoking-related cancer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the potential association of 7 XPC polymorphisms (–449G→C, –371G→A, –27G→C, Val499Arg, PAT–/+, IVS11-5C→A and Lys939Gln) and their haplotypes with lung cancer risk in a Korean population. XPC genotypes were determined in 432 lung cancer patients and 432 healthy controls frequency-matched for age and sex. XPC haplotypes were predicted using a Bayesian algorithm in the Phase program. The combined –27CG+CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for overall lung cancer compared to the –27GG genotype (adjusted OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.22–3.17, p = 0.005). The other 6 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with overall risk of lung cancer. When lung cancer cases were categorized by tumor histology, the –371AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma compared to the combined –371GG and GA genotype (adjusted OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.09–4.00, p = 0.03). The PAT–/+, IVS11-5C→A and Lys939Gln polymorphisms were associated with a significantly decreased risk of small cell carcinoma (SM) under a dominant model for the polymorphic allele (adjusted OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.82, p = 0.006; adjusted OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.36–1.00, p = 0.05; and adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.97, p = 0.04, respectively). Consistent with genotyping analyses, haplotype 4 (1112222) containing the PAT+/IVS11-5A/939Gln alleles was associated with a significantly decreased risk of SM (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37–0.85, p = 0.007 and Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.049), whereas haplotype 5 (1122111) containing the –27C allele was associated with a significantly increased risk of SM (adjusted OR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.41–5.87, p = 0.004 and Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.028). These results suggest that XPC polymorphisms/haplotypes may contribute to genetic susceptibility for lung cancer. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

[P4-220602] 가드닝 프로그램이 성인 우울장애 환자의 우울, 불안, 일상활력과 코티졸, NK세포 활성도에 미치는 영향

이가윤(Ga Yoon Lee),이자희(Ja Hee Lee),김은정(Eun Jeong Kim),이완희(Wan Hee Lee),강정화(Jeong Hwa Kang),이택주(Taek Joo Lee),장태수(Tae Soo Jang),이현정(Hyun Jeong Lee),이애경(Ae Kyung Lee) 인간식물환경학회 2022 인간식물환경학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.춘계