Generation of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Lee, Jaecheol,Kim, Youngkyun,Yi, Hyoju,Diecke, Sebastian,Kim, Juryun,Jung, Hyerin,Rim, Yeri Alice,Jung, Seung Min,Kim, Myungshin,Kim, Yong Goo,Park, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Ho-Youn,Ju, Ji Hyeon BioMed Central 2014 ARTHRITIS RESEARCH AND THERAPY Vol.16 No.1

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Since the concept of reprogramming mature somatic cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was demonstrated in 2006, iPSCs have become a potential substitute for embryonic stem cells (ESCs) given their pluripotency and “stemness” characteristics, which resemble those of ESCs. We investigated to reprogram fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) to generate iPSCs using a 4-in-1 lentiviral vector system.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A 4-in-1 lentiviral vector containing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc was transduced into RA and OA FLSs isolated from the synovia of two RA patients and two OA patients. Immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR studies were performed to demonstrate the pluripotency of iPSCs. Chromosomal abnormalities were determined based on the karyotype. SCID-beige mice were injected with iPSCs and sacrificed to test for teratoma formation.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>After 14 days of transduction using the 4-in-1 lentiviral vector, RA FLSs and OA FLSs were transformed into spherical shapes that resembled embryonic stem cell colonies. Colonies were picked and cultivated on matrigel plates to produce iPSC lines. Real-time PCR of RA and OA iPSCs detected positive markers of pluripotency. Immunohistochemical staining tests with Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, Tra-1-80, Tra-1-60, and SSEA-4 were also positive. Teratomas that comprised three compartments of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm were formed at the injection sites of iPSCs. Established iPSCs were shown to be compatible by karyotyping. Finally, we confirmed that the patient-derived iPSCs were able to differentiate into osteoblast, which was shown by an osteoimage mineralization assay.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>FLSs derived from RA and OA could be cell resources for iPSC reprogramming. Disease- and patient-specific iPSCs have the potential to be applied in clinical settings as source materials for molecular diagnosis and regenerative therapy.</P>

Biopolitics in A Journal of the Plague Year

( Jaecheol Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2020 영어 영문학 Vol.66 No.3

The primary purpose of this essay is to survey early modern biopolitics represented in Defoe’s Journal of the Plague Year. By looking back at the plague outbreak that happened a generation earlier, Defoe discusses the rise of the biopolitical state from an eighteenth-century perspective. During the middle ages and well into early modernity, the plague was seen as a sign of wonder and an expression of God’s exceptional intervention. However, Defoe’s narrator H.F. gradually secularizes this view and understands the plague as an issue of the city’s biopolitical control. This shift from a theocentric to a primarily biopolitical view is conterminous with the transformation captured by Michel Foucault’s concept of “governmentality.” In H.F.’s account, starting with the basic control of discourse and progressing to more extreme measures such as the shutting up of houses, everything is subject to the city’s biopolitical controls. H.F.’s understanding of the rise of a biopolitical state is, nonetheless, never clear enough as he maintains a certain ambiguity toward it. Critics have characterized Defoe’s narrator as unreliable, pointing out his self-contradictory perspective. I would argue, however, that H.F.’s antinomic accounts are derived not from his subjective instability or his failed recognition of reality; rather, they occur because he is fully aware of the “enigma” of biopower, which overlaps with the power to kill (thanatopower) when it is extremely developed. H.F.’s lesson is still useful today because it allows us to discuss human rights in the midst of a pandemic outbreak that requires extreme state controls.

A Return-to-zero DAC with Tri-state Switching Scheme for Multiple Nyquist Operations

Jaecheol Yun,Yun-Hwan Jung,Taegeun Yoo,Yohan Hong,Ju Eon Kim,Dong-Hyun Yoon,Sung-Min Lee,Youngkwon Jo,Yong Sin Kim,Kwang-Hyun Baek 대한전자공학회 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.3

A return-to-zero (RZ) digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with a tri-state switching scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme provides a triple weight output for RZ operation by using a conventional differential current switch and simple pseudo-differential F/Fs. The RZ function is realized with only two additional transistors in each F/F cell, which results in a power dissipation increase of less than 5%. To verify the performance of the proposed method, a 10-bit RZ DAC is fabricated using standard 180-㎚ CMOS technology. Measured results show that the worst SFDR performances are 60 ㏈c and 55 ㏈c in the 1st and 2nd Nyquist bands, respectively, when operating at 650 ㎒ clock frequency. The total power consumption is 64 ㎽, and the active area occupies 0.25 ㎟.

Crime Mapping Based on Experts’ and Residents’ Assessments of Neighborhood Environment

Kim, Jaecheol 한국측량학회 2017 한국측량학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Auctoritas and Sovereignty in Julius Caesar

( Jaecheol Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.1

This essay surveys the Roman concept of “auctoritas” as a supra-juridical power in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. Critics have contextualized the play within Shakespeare’s contemporary regicidal discourses, but, historically, Caesar’s official position before his death was as a dictator perpetuo, who could monopolize or silence the auctoritas of the Senate. In republican Rome, auctoritas signified the power of the Senate as fathers of the nation that could claim a justitium, the Roman version of the state of exception. The Senate’s declaration of senatus consultum ultimum suspended existing political powers (potestas) by creating a juridical vacuum. This basic premise allows us to read the play as a conflict between two supra-juridical powers―the Senate’s auctoritas and the singular sovereignty Caesar might claim. Seen from the perspective of sovereignty, Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a peculiar narrative as it shows a series of sovereign acts of violence and exceptional states that can hardly be contained within juridical norms. The Lupercalia that foregrounds the main action of the play―the assassination of Caesar―demonstrates that Caesar is a wargus, a banned wolf. This is due to his sovereignty, a position located outside the legal body. The following Forum scene and the Roman deaths that fill the stage show that the clash between the Senate’s auctoritas and singular sovereignty can cause extended constitutional vacuums and anomie states. However, the result of the clash is more than an anomie as it generates a new political order by ultimately forming the very foundation of a new nomos, Augustus’s sovereign Empire.

Lukács, Adorno, and Beckett

Kim, Jaecheol(김재철) 새한영어영문학회 2014 새한영어영문학 Vol.56 No.2

By revisiting the Lukacs-Adorno debate on modernism, this essay surveys the aesthetic theories of Lukacs and Adorno: in particular, this essay critically investigates Adorno’s aesthetics presented in Aesthetic Theory from the Lukacsian perspective. The scope of this essay also covers a critical investigation of the recent critical trend that Adorno is more favorably received by critics than Lukacs after the rise of post-structuralism. This is because critics tend to esteem Adorno’s “negative dialectic” as a sort of deconstructive practice while considering Lukacs’s notion of totality as an expression of Stalinist totalitarianism. Nonetheless, what we should not fail to notice in this regard is that the Lukacs-Adorno debate has its own significance not just because it is the culmination of the modernist debate but behind it resides critical issues such as how we should take the social engagement of writers and how art could be an expression of social praxis. The essay will begin with a brief survey of Lukacs and Adorno’s aesthetic theories, and then it critically examines Adorno’s essay “Reconciliation under Duress” which allegedly shows the way Adorno successfully confutes Lukacsian theory. Nonetheless, Adorno’s theory in “Reconciliation under Duress” is possible only when he forecloses the possibility of art’s social engagement―thus making an argument of “Negation under Duress.” In the final section of this essay, I read Beckett’s Endgame in terms of and from the perspectives of Lukacs and Adorno’s aesthetic theories. Endgame becomes a significant work to frame the debate not only because the debate itself formed around Beckett’s work but also the play which negates any possible engagement of art to its existential condition (i.e. the society), thus praised by Adorno, shows the way Adorno’s aesthetics forecloses any sort of social praxis.

A Seamless Transfer Algorithm Based on Frequency Detection with Feedforward Control Method in Distributed Generation System

Kim, Kiryong,Shin, Dongsul,Lee, Jaecheol,Lee, Jong-Pil,Yoo, Dong-Wook,Kim, Hee-Je The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.4

This paper proposes a control strategy based on the frequency detection method, comprising a current control and a feed-forward voltage control loop, is proposed for grid-interactive power conditioning systems (PCS). For continuous provision of power to critical loads, PCS should be able to check grid outages instantaneously. Hence, proposed in the present paper are a frequency detection method for detecting abnormal grid conditions and a controller, which consists of a current controller and a feedforward voltage controller, for different operation modes. The frequency detection method can detect abnormal grid conditions accurately and quickly. The controller which has current and voltage control loops rapidly helps in load voltage regulation when grid fault occurs by changing reference and control modes. The proposed seamless transfer control strategy is confirmed by experimental results.

Fagopyrin F: A Novel Photosensitizer from Buckwheat

Jaecheol Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

Clother and Proper Names:

Jaecheol Kim,Brankica Turalija 한국영미문학교육학회 2016 영미문학교육 Vol.20 No.2

The primary purpose of this essay is to survey the textual functions of clothes and proper names in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and to examine their relations to the Victorian identity politics. Critics have attempted to show that Hardy’s narrator tends to identify Tess with a text emphasizing that she is a textualized subject in the novel, open to male readers and their critical hermeneutics. Yet few critics have examined how her clothes and proper names are violently attributed to or inscribed on her body and psyche as a way of writing. In addition, this act of writing constructs her subjective identity via a “socio-linguistic classification.” Thus, Hardy uses Tess’s textual body together with her clothes and proper names to show how the process of female subjugation is constructed and how Victorian identity politics operates. Tess as a text, however, is resistant to interpretations by her male readers and writers, including the narrator, as the novel represents a constant interpretive instability and uncertainty lingering around her; she is, indeed, a text resistant to the masculine interpretative closure. Yet her strategy of subversion pushes those limits further. Tess is fully aware of the textual effects of the clothes and proper names she receives from men. This awareness, toward the end of the novel, compels her to de-face and re-clothe herself in her own fashion by becoming a textual scribe herself. The recurrent motif of this essay “Tess as a text” is not only a critical issue but also a pedagogical one in the classroom; this is because without textualizing Tess’s body (or her subjectivity) teachers find that it is impossible to grasp the Victorian values and politics through Hardy’s work.

Changes of Fagopyrins in Buckwheat Sprout when Exposed to Different Light Sources

Jaecheol Kim,Suna Kim,Keum Taek Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) sprout (BS) is a healthy food containing various bioactive substances, including fagopyrins (FA). FA can be used for photodynamic therapy as a photosensitizer. This study aims to evaluate the change of FA in buckwheat sprouts when exposed to different light sources (LS). BS were collected on the 7<SUP>th</SUP> day after germination. Collected BS were exposed to different LS (UV-C, 254 nm; UV-B, 312 nm; UV-A, 365 nm; blue (BL), 450 nm; yellow (YL), 590 nm; and red (RL), 660 nm) in an incubator at 25ºC for 1 h or 15 h, or not exposed (NEBS). After exposure to LS, FA in freeze-dried BS were extracted with methanol and analyzed using UPLC-MS/ MS. FA in the BS after exposure to different LS were significantly higher than in the NEBS (P<0.05). When exposed to LS for 1 h or 15 h, the BS exposed to BL contained more FA than the BS exposed to the other LS. FA in the BS exposed to UV lights were significantly less than in the BS exposed to BL, YL, or RL (P<0.05). Among the BS exposed to UV lights for 15 h, the BS exposed to UV-C contained significantly higher FA than the BS exposed to UV-A and B; however, the BS tissue exposed to UV-C was badly damaged.