정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Pickling廢液으로부터 磁性 Ferrite의 原料가 되는 酸化鐵의 製造

尹秉河,鄭潾相,金圭鎬 경북대학교 공과대학 1978 工大硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

The production of a-Fe2O_3 from the waste picklic solution has been investigated. Anhydrous iron chloride can be obtained by the dehydration of waste picklic solution in dried nitrogen gas, and a-Fe_2O_3 was produced by the oxidation of anhydrous iron chloride under the various conditions: the oxidation reaction temperature, the air flow rate, the water content, and the evaporation temperature of anhdrous iron chloride. The experimental results are summarized as following; The dehydration temperature in iron chloride obtained from waste picklic solution is 210℃. The formation of a-Fe_2O_3 from anhydrous iron chloride in using dry air is that the reaction temperature is 700℃ and air flow rate is below 3l/min. Pure a-Fe_2O_3 single phase can be obtained at 500℃ by adding water of 2.2v/o to the air. The fine and uniform particles are obtained as reaction temperature, the water content in air, and vaporization temperature decrease. However the air flow rate is not so effective on it.

低溫 鹽素化 反應에 依한 Silicon 製造

尹秉河,林龍進,金大龍,金圭鎬 경북대학교 공과대학 1980 工大硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

The preparation of high purity silicon by the hydrogen reduction of sicl_4 which producted from the chlorination of commercial ferrosilicon was carried out. The chlorination rates and reaction ratio of ferrosilicon were increased with inoreasing of temperature and Cl_2 flow rate. The optimum Cl_2 flow rate and particle size of ferrosilicon was about 50ml/min and 30-40mesh, respectively. Reaction rate and reaction ratio were increased in the presence of NiCl_2, but CaCl_2, znCl_2, Cu powder and Cu-turnings were acted as an acticatalystic effects. By the addition of 10% NiCl_2 catalysis at 250℃, 66% reaction ratio for four hours was obtained. Silicon chlorides products were purified by the combination of the fractional distillation and silica gel adsorption techniques, and, using these purification techniques, all metallic and nonmetallic impurities were eliminated to unit ppm purified SiCl_4 was reduced in a graphite tube by hydrogen in the temperature range of 900-1200℃, The yields of the silicon products were increased with increasing of temperature and H_2/SiCl_4 mole ratio, and yields at 1100℃ and 1200℃ with mole ratio of 50 was 30% and 43%, respectively. Growth morphologies of silicon crystal were fine needle or cobweblike growth up to 1100℃ and coarse needle or sawtoothlike at 1200℃. These growth morphologies were little changed with precipitation substrates. The purity of silicon product which was analyzed after etching of HF and hydrochloric acid was higher than 99.99%.

개에서 이중 결찰법을 통한 동맥관 개존증의 완치 예

윤헌영,정순욱,박희명,박철,정만복,김준영,한현정,황민,노병국,박상혁,장하영,박정윤 한국임상수의학회 2004 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

A ten months old, female Yorkshire terrier weighing 2.88 kg referred to veterinary teaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, Konkuk University because of syncope, cough and dyspnea. First hematological and serum chemical test revealed thrombocytopenia, mild anemia, and increase of concentration of ALP (195 U/L). On 57 days later, second hematological and serum chemical test revealed polycythemia, increase of concentration of ALP (211 U/L), and Tchol (387 mg/dl). Right atrium enlargement, main pulmonary artery bulge and cardiomegaly (VHS = 11.5) were observed in radiographic findings. Ultrasonographic images showed both right and left ventricular dilation and turbulent flow between the descending aorta and the main pulmonary artery in color Doppler imaging. ECG showed left ventricular enlargement, SA block, and electrical alternant. Thoracotomy was performed through left fourth intercostal incision under isoflurane anesthesia. Patent ductus arteriosus was double ligated with 1-0 silk. Cough and dyspnea disappeared on 5 days after operation. Turbulent flow was not found in color doppler imaging of ultrasonography on 10 days after operation. Ten months later after the operation, syncope could not exist any more.

T_6 處理한 6061 Al 合金의 高溫時效에 關한 速度論的 考察

尹秉河,朴景采 경북대학교 공과대학 1977 工大硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

B' intermedate phase formation kinetics of 6061 Al heat treated alloy at high Temperature was studied by the hardness measurement and microstructure observation. B' phase is formed by the Heterogenous reaction through the single process. The activation energer for the B' intermediate phase formation is about 16.9kcal/mole. The kinetics shows B' phase formation rate is controlled by the diffusion of Mg and Si atom in the matrix, since The reaction order have found n=1/2. Equation of B' (stable phase) formation is as follows where logt=logt_o+(A)/(T) t=holding time A=constant T=absolute Temperature (°K)

熔融 Zn-Cd, Zn-Bi, Cd-Bi系 및 Zn-Cd-Bi系에서 각 成分金屬의 活動度 측정

尹秉河,金大龍,金炳宰 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

Activities of the component metal in Zn-Cd, Zn-Bi-Cd alloys have been determined at 823 K by touch instant electromotive force method. The cell employed was ◁표삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) Activities of each component metal which obtained by T.I.E. method showed similar tendencies with the compare of the equilibrium concentration cell method. But activities of the noble metals showed small difference in some range. This difference was made from the substitution reactions in the molten electrolyte, and from calculation's error.

熔融 Cd 中 Zn 과 Cu, Ag, In, Bi, Pb 및 Sn의 相互作用係數

尹秉河,金大龍 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Zinc activities in dilute Cd-Zn and Cd-Zn-X(where, X; Cu, Ag, In, Bi, Pb and Sn)molten alloys have been measured in the temperature range of 450 to 570℃, using an e.m.f. measuring technique. The concentration cell utilized was pure Zn(1)|[ZnCl_2 (in fused KCl+LiCl eutectic electrolyte)]|[Cd-Zn or Cd-Zn-X(1)] The activities of zinc deviated positively from the Raoult's law. The activity coefficients of zinc in the ternary systems were decreased with increasing Cu and Ag, but increased with increasing In, Bi, Pb and Sn. The interaction parameters of the zinc-zinc and zinc-third element were found to be a linear functions of the reciprocal absolute temperature and were expressed by the following relations. ε^Zn_Zn = -930.7/T-6.4074 ε^Cu_Zn = -4070/T-4.3644 ε^Ag_Zn = -7261/T-5.1039 ε^In_Zn = -9769/T+3.5979 ε^Bi_Zn = 1585.6/T+3.1725 ε^Pb_Zn = -8410/T+2.0508 ε^Sn_Zn = 984/T-0.1943

이종연료 층상분사를 이용한 디젤엔진을 NOx와 soot동시 저감에 관한 연구(제2보)

하종률,강병무,안현찬,이태원,윤수한 東亞大學校 2001 東亞論叢 Vol.38 No.-

To investigate the method of the simultaneous reduction of Soot and NOx, we developed a new conception for dual fuel stratified injection system in a Diesel Engine. Some parts of the injection system, ie. nozzle holder, delivery vale, were remodeled to inject diesel and methanol in order from one injector. The quantity of diesel and methanol was controled precisely by micrometers that were mounted at control lack of injection pump. The real injection quantity ratio of dual fuel was certificated by volumetric ratio at injection Quantity experiment. We could confirm the capability that soot and NOx simultaneously were reduced by diesel-methanol stratified injection from the results of combustion and exhaust characteristic.

한국수화의 비수지신호에 대한 언어학적 특성 연구

윤변천,김병하 한국특수교육문제연구소 2004 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 한국수화에서 비수지신호의 언어학적 특성이 형태론과 통사론 측면에서 어떻게 실현되고 있는가를 밝히기 위해 농인들이 만든 수화서적 3권과 수화 담화 자료로 세미나, 회의, 대화 장면을 분석하였다. 첫째, 비수지신호 형태론은 농인들이 저술한 수화서적 3권의 분석 결과 비수지 1형태소에서 2형태소로 나타났고, 농인들의 담화하는 모습을 관찰 분석한 결과 비수지 1형태소에서 4형태소로 나타났다. 둘째, 비수지신호 통사론에서 의향법 서술문의 비수지신호는 강하게, 부드럽게, 빠르게, 느리게 나타났다. 의문문에서 wh-의문문은 주로 문두에 가장 많이 나타났고, y/n 의문문은 문장 전체의 모든 위치에 나타났다. 부정법은 얼굴을 좌우로 흔드는 비수지 형태소들이 많이 나타났다. 시제법에서 ‘현재’는 수화와 같이 비수지신호로 실현되었고, ‘과거’는 {끝}이란 수화와 함께 눈썹을 올리고 얼굴을 밑으로 숙이는 비수지신호가 문미에 나타났다. ‘미래’는 {드리겠습니다}를 수화 {드리다}와 함께 얼굴을 숙이는 비수지신호로 나타났다. 사동법에서 {주다}는 수화의 수동과 같은 방향으로 비수지신호가 나타났으며, {시키다}는 수화의 수향과 같은 방향으로 얼굴을 숙이는 비수지신호가 나타났다. 피동법에서 {받다}는 수화의 수동과 같은 방향으로 얼굴을 숙이며, {되다}는 긍정의 얼굴표정과 함께 얼굴을 상하로 끄덕이는 비수지신호가 나타났다. 위의 결과에서 볼 때, 한국수화의 비수지신호는 수화와 결합하거나 혹은 독립하여 실현되면서 중요한 문법적 기능을 수행하고 있으므로 건청인과 농인들의 원활한 의사소통을 위해 농학교 교사와 수화통역사들에게 자연수화와 함께 비수지신호를 체계적으로 지도하여야 할 것이다. This study aims to examine the linguistic characteristics of non-manual signals in Korean Sign Language(KSL). Two basic assignments of this study can be outlined that: (a) clarify the morphologic expression for non-manual signals in KSL; and (b) clarify syntactic expression for non-manual signals in KSL. In the methodological aspects, this study used several materials and data for analysis, such as sign language books made by the deaf, video record of sign language as announced and used by the deaf in seminar or during their discussion, video record of conversation between them, and so on. In order to process the data for the results of analysis, 4 sign language interpreters(1 male and 3 females) who had participated in sign language interpretation over 10 years in Daegu metropolitan area analyzed the data along with 2 deaf persons(1 male and 1 female). This study attempted to analyze 71 sign language words quoted from reference books authored by the deaf and other 150 sign language words as used in the situation of seminar, discussion and conversation among them. In terms of syntax, this study also analyzed about 180 sentences as shown in seminar, discussion and conversation among the deaf. First, the results of analyzing the morphemes of non-manual signals quoted from sign language books showed that a word was mainly composed of 1 or 2 morphemes and the action occurring with high frequency was an action of opening lips while contacting upper and lower teeth. Negative mood in Korean sign language included nothing, not, never, cannot, don't know, and not yet. Tense mood comprised past, present and future tense, respectively. For present, non-manual signals were expressed along with sign languages. For past, a sign language ‘end’ was always used along with a typical motion of lifting eyebrow with head down. Causative mood was often expressed in sign languages like give and let. A non-manual signal of give was expressed via a motion with head down in same direction as sign language. Passive mood was often expressed in sign languages like get(receive) and become. A non-manual signal of receive was expressed via a motion of head down in same motional direction of a sign language receive. Become was expressed via non-manual signal using a motion of nodding head with positive facial look.

酸化第一銅의 matte形成에 對한 反應速度定數 및 活性化 energy에 關한 硏究

尹秉河 경북대학교 공과대학 1975 工大硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

Matte formation which occurs in the chemical reaction between Cu_2O and FeS Studied with the equilibrium constant calculated thermodynamically. The purpose of this investigation was to determine directly the reaction-rate constant at 1, 200˚, 1,300˚ and 1,350˚, and to calculate activation energy of the reaction utilizing Arrhenius equation. The resulting reaction rate constants at 1,200, 1,300 and 1,350℃ were 0.80×10 exp (-3), 1,014×10 exp (-3) and 1,069×10 exp (-3) mol/cm^2-min, respectively and the activation energy was 3.349Kcal/mol. The exchange reaction of Cu_2O to Cu_2S by FeS found to be prominent only at the temperature of 1,300℃ or above.