High-rate 마그네트론 스퍼터링을 이용한 오스테나이트 스테인리스강 박막 합성

이종훈,김광석,이상율,한상묵,한전건 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2000 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.38 No.2

High-rate unbalanced magnetron sputtering process was employed to deposit a STS304 stainless steel film on S45C steel. The deposition of stainless steel film was carried out at a pressure of 2×10^(-3) torr, various target power densities, substrate bias voltages and distances of target-to-substrate. Deposition rate of the STS304 stainless steel films up to 1.3㎛/min could be obtained, but it decreased more rapidly by increasing target-to-substrate distance than by decreasing ion current. The results from XRD and EDS analysis showed that unbalanced magnetron sputtering of stainless steel target could successfully transfer the multi-element composition of the bulk material to the coating without any dramatic stoichiometric variation. SEM observation of STS304 film indicated that the structure of the film was a columnar structure(zone T structure) with a fine grain size. The Knoop hardness of coated STS304 film was measured to be approximately H_k800∼850 and this high value could be attributed to the fine grain size of the film and the residual compress stress on the film. The corrosion property of the film was evaluated using salt spray test and the results indicated that the corrosion property of stainless steel coated S45C steel was similar to that of the electroplated Cr coated S45C steel.

습식 Cr 도금 대체를 위한 CrNx 박막의 내마모성 및 내식성 향상에 관한 연구

김상식,한전건 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.3

CrN_x film was deposited on S45C by cathodic arc ion plating process. The deposition of CrN_x layer was carried out at the various N₂ partial pressure of 8×10^(-4) torr to 2×10^(-2) torr under the bias voltage of -200V. All the coated specimens were analyzed by XRD and SEM for structural characterization and the wear and corrosion behavior was compared with that of hard Cr coated specimens by ball-on-disc wear test and electrochemical polarization measurement. The CrN_x coatings at all deposition conditions appeared to be very dense and fine granular structure. The CrN_x coating deposited at 1×10^(-2) torr showed the highest CrN(220) intensity and a maximum hardness of Hk 2700 which is twice of that of the hard Cr coating. The wear resistance of CrN_x coated S45C against AISI 52100 steel balls was highly improved compared to that of the hard Cr coating. The CrN_x coatings also enhanced the resistance of pitting and crevice corrosion. This improvement was associated with the formation of the CrN_x coatings with dense and fine granular structures without microcrack which exists in all the electroplated hard Cr coating.

가동중 정비를 위한 Risk Monitor 개발

김길유,한상훈,김태운 한국산업안전학회 1997 한국안전학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) developed a risk monitor called Risk Monster which supports for plant operators and maintenance schedulers to monitor plant risk and to avoid high peak risk by rearranging maintenance work schedule. Risk Monster can update the plant risk continuously according to the change of system/component configuration since Risk Monster reevaluates the plant risk based on the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) results. A brief description of Risk Monster is provided. The PSA model of UCN 3,4 nuclear power plant was converted by KAERI to Risk Monster model. Using this Risk Monster model, a feasibility study of the on-line maintenance of an Essential Service Water (ESW) pump was performed. On-line maintenance of one ESW pump has been shown to be acceptably safe, and has economic benefits. In addition, it is not a violation of technical specification to continue plant operation with an out-of-service ESW pump.

Castleman 씨 병에 동반된 신유전분증

김연수,한진석,이정상,김병국,이중건,정윤철,이진학,최영진,안규리,김성권,이현순 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Castlemam's disease is an asymptomatic and benign lymph node hyperplasia which is frequently manifested as mediastinal mass in over 70% of cases. Amyloidosis is rarely associated with Castleman's disease. Recently we experienced a patient with nephrotic syndrome due to renal amyloidosis who had been previously diagnosed as Castleman's disease of retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement. A 47-year old woman was admitted because of generalized edema and chest tightness. Five months ago she diagnosed as Castlman's disease-plasma cell type, of retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement. The patient was followed up through outpatient department without any specific medication. Physical examination showed pale conjunctivae, palpable mass on epigastric area and pretibial pitting edema. The hemoglobin, leukocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were 96 g/L, 5.9×109/L and 127 mm/hour, respectively. The blood urea nitogen was 3.6 mmol/L and creatinine was 88 umol/L. The urinalysis showed 3 positive for albumin. Twentyfour hour urine contained 16.6 grams of protein. A computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen disclosed multiple lymph node enlargement at mesentery. Percutaneous needle biopsy of kidney showed massive infiltration of pale pinkish amorphous material in the glomerular tuft forming large nodules. Ultrastructural examination exhibited heavy deposition of amyloid fibrils in the mesangium and perpendicular to glomerular basement membrane. Polarizing microscopy with Congo-red stain revealed prominent yellow green birefringence in glomeruli, tubules and interstitium.

14 일령 이유자돈을 위한 적정 LACTOSE : SUCROSE 비율 SUCROSE RATIO FOR THE PIGS WEANED AT 14 DAYS OF AGE

한인규,김진동,조원탁,한영근,이찬호,이기웅,박향숙 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 실험은 lactose에 대한 sucrose 대체가 14일령 조기 이유자돈의 성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. lactose와 sucrose의 적정비율을 결정하기 위해 평균체중 5.02±0.18 ㎏인 14일령 이유자돈 80두를 4처리 4반복, 반복당 5두씩 완전임의로 배치 하였으며, 처리구별 lactose와 sucrose의 비율은 각각 100:0(처리구 A), 75:25 (처리구 B), 50:50 (처리구 C), 25:75 (처리구 D) 및 0:100 (처리구 E)이었다. 이유초기 7일동안 뿐 아니라 시험 전 기간에 걸친 자돈의 일당중체량 및 일당사료섭취량은 처리 평균간 통계적인 유의차를 나타내지 않았으며, 다만 시험 전기간에 걸친 사료요구율에 있어서만 유의차가 인정되었으며, B와 D 처리구가 특히 우수한 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 이유 1주동안 (Phase I)의 영양소 소화율은 DM과 CP를 제외하고는 처리 평균간 유의차가 인정되지 않았으며, A 처리구의 CP소화율은 다른 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (P<0.05).그러나 B, C, D 그리고 E 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 보이지 않았다. 이유 14∼21일령 (Phase II)의 영양소 소화율은 처리평균간 유의차가 인정되지 않았으며, 이유 3주간에 걸친 건물, 질소 및 인의 배출량 역시 처리 평균간 유의차를 나타내지 않았다. 본 실험결과에서 나타난 바와 같이 14일령 이유자돈에 대한 탄수화물 공급원으로서의 lactose에 대한 sucrose의 대체는 자돈의 생산성 감소 및 영양소의 배출량 증가와 같은 불리함이 없이 이루어질 수 있음을 의미한다. This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum ratio of lactose to sucrose for nursery pigs weaned at 14 days of age. A total of 80 weaned pigs (BW 5.02±0.18 ㎏) were allotted into one of five treatments using a completely randomized block design. Treatments were 100:0 (A), 75:25 (B), 50:50 (C), 25:75 (D) and 0 :100 (E) in lactose : sucrose ratio. For the first week after weaning, no significant differences were found in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, feed/gain). There were also no significant differences in ADG, ADFI and FCR among treatments during the second and third week after weaning. During overall experimental period, FCR was significantly influenced by dietary treatment, especially B and D treatments showed better FCR than other treatments (p<0.05). During the initial 7 day postweaning (Phase I), the nutrient digestibility was not influenced by the lactose: sucrose ratio except for dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). CP digestibility of diet A was significantly higher than those of other diets (p<0.05), but no significant.differences were found among diets B, C, D and E. During the second and third week postweaning (phase II), no significant differences were found in digestibilities of GE, DM, CA and P among treatments. There were no significant differences in nutrients excretion among treatments. These results indicate that sucrose can be well utilized by baby pigs as the source of carbohydrate after 15 days of age. It implies that lactose added in weaner diets could be partially replaced with sucrose.

2차원 방사선준위 분포측정 시스템의 제작 및 특성 조사

김성환,강희동,한상효,김계령,최영수,이용범,이종민 한국센서학회 1997 센서학회지 Vol.6 No.4

In this study, the radiation monitoring system using CsI(TI) scintillation counter is developed for the measurement of radiation distribution in the field of high dose level. When the inner diameter of collimator is 8 mm, we have realized the optimum detecting efficiency and spatial resolution. At that time, the position resolution was 10 cm at 1 m from the system. And experimental results indicated that the energy resolution of the system were 10 % for 662 keV of Cs-137, 7.6 % for 1.17 MeV of Co-60, and 5.8 % for 1.33 MeV of Co-60. Also, we have shown that the real radiation distribution images may be obtained by our measurement system.

운동후 측복통과 함께 발생한 급성 신부전 1 예

김종순,박영주,조종태,이정임,신민호,구천희,박태용,한승수,강진화 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.50 No.6

We report a case of acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction after exercise. An immediate postcontrast computed tomogram of this case shows multiple patchy areas of poor contrast enhancement in the cortex of the both kidneys. A 24-hours delayed scan without further injection of contrast dye shows multiple wedge-shaped contrast enhancement in the coincident areas of poor enhancement in the immediate scan. The 2 and 5 days delayed scans show that wedge-shaped contrast enhancement becomes disappeared gradually to the renal cortex, and the 8 days delayed scan shows complete disappearance of contrast enhancement. The renal scintigrams with technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate and dimercaptosuccinic acid show diffuse increased uptakes and multiple patchy photon deficient areas in the both kidneys respectively. The follow-up renal scintigrams show nearly normal findings, This patient had an uneventful hospital course and recovered completely without dialysis.

MANNOPROTEIN 과 GLUCAN 의 첨가가 쥐의 성장과 NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY 에 미치는 영향

손광수,조광근,최윤재,윤연화,김재영,한영근,문태현,김성찬 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 효모 세포벽, 또는 효모의 세포벽으로부터 본 연구에서 확립한 방법으로 분리한 mannoprotein(MP)과 glucan(Glu)을 동물에 급여하므로써 동물의 일당중체량, 일당사료섭취량과 사료:중체량의 비율, 그리고 동물이 가지고 있는 면역기능의 활성화정도를 조사하는데 있다. 산업적 측면에서 대량 추출하기 위하여 기존에 있는 방법을 개선하여 변형된 방법으로 효모세포벽제제를 분리하였다. 본 연구에서 분리된 효모세포벽제제(cell wall, mannoprotein glucan)와 시판중인 효모세포벽제제(Bio-Mos^(TM))를 0.1%로 4주령 횐쥐에 4주간 급여하였다. 일당중체량은 개선된 방법으로 분리한 glucan을 급여한 처리구에서 가장 높은 중체량을 나타냈으며, 다음으로 mannoprotein 급여구가 높았으며 cell wall과 시제품(Bio-Mos^(TM)) 급여구에서 낮은 중체량을 보였다. 일당사료섭취량에 있어서 glucan 급여구가 cell wall과 시제품 급여구들과 비교할 때 높았으며 사료:중체량 비율 또한 glucan 급여구에서 가장 좋은 경향을 보였다. 사양 4주깨 횐쥐로부터 spleen을 채취하여 YACl 세포에 대한 natural killer cell의 cytotoxicity를 분석한 결과 본 실험실에서 분리한 mannoprotein과 glucan이 면역 증진효과가 큰것으로 보였다. Mannoprotein 급여구와 glucan 급여구에서 대조구와 cell wall 급여구보다 면역 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며(MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), mannoprotein 급여구가 glucan 급여구보다 natural killer cell의 활성도가 높았다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 효모세포벽, mannoprotein과 glucan을 횐쥐에 급여했을 때 성장능력에 있어서 유의성 있는 효과가 나타나지 않았지만 세포배양수준에서 spleen natural killer cell의 activity를 증가시키는 효과가 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the average daily gam, average daily feed intake, feed gain ratio and immune system activation of rats when feeding yeast cell wall, mannoprotein (MP) and glucan (Glu) which were isolated from yeast cell wall. In order to isolate the yeast cell wall products in large scale, we used the improved isolation method basing on the typical one. In this study, yeast cell wall products (cell wall, mannoprotein, glucan) and commercial product (Bio-Mos^(TM)) were fed to 4-week old rats by 0.l% during 4 weeks experimental period. Glucan(extracted from improved method) provided the highest average daily gain. Mannoprotein treated group showed the second highest average daily gain. Cell wall and Bia-Mos^(TM) fed groups showed lower average daily gain. Treatment fed glucan also showed higher average daily feed intake than that of cell wall and commercial Bio-Mos^(TM) groups. And in feed: gain ratio, glucan fed rats showed the respectively good results. At the 4th week of feeding trial, rats' spleens were obtained from all the treatments to evaluate the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against YACl tumor cell. The results indicated that mannoprotein and glucan had the significant effects on activating immune system. Rats of mannoprotein and glucan treated groups showed the higher immune activity than that of cell wall and control groups (MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), and natural killer cell activity of mannoprotein fed rats was higher than that of glucan fed rats (P<0.01). In conclusion, although the addition of yeast cell wall, mannoprotein and glucan to the diet of rats did not provide the significant effects on growth performance, it was clear that the mannoprotein and glucan isolated in this study could stimulate the activity of spleen natural killer cell in the cell culture.

배양된 혈관내피세포에서 uncoupling protein 2 유전자 과발현이 세포내 산화스트레스 및 endothelin - 1 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

강효경,한정희,홍성관,김하영,남궁일성,박기영,박혜선,이재담,박중열,이인규,이기업 한국지질학회 2001 韓國脂質學會誌 Vol.11 No.2

크롬 피콜린산 또는 카르니틴이 첨가된 사료급여가 비육돈의 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향

김지훈,한인규,김대성,배극환,양종석,손현수,현영 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.5

본 시험은 여러 가지 광물질과 혼합된 크롬 피콜린산이나 카르니틴을 첨가한 사료의 급여가 비육돈의 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 평균체중 60.69±1.11 kg인 삼원교잡종 (Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc) 비육돈 암수 180마리를 대조구, CFC{CrP + Fe₂O₃ + CaCO₃}, CFZC{CrP + Fe₂O₃ + ZnO + CaCO₃}, CZC-1 {CrP (1/300) + ZnO(9/300) + CaCO₃(290/300)}, CZC-2(CrP(1/300) + ZnO(14/300) + CaCO₃ (285/300)} 그리고 카르니틴구 등 6처리구에 성별로 배치하였다. 크롬 피콜린산이나 카르니틴에 의한 성장개선은 발견되지 않았다. 수퇘지에 있어서는 CFZC 처리구가 CZC-2 처리구보다 유의적으로 사료효율이 좋았다 (p<0.05). 도체특성에 있어서도 전체적으로 처리구간의 유의적인 차이는 발견되지 않았으나, 수퇘지에서는 CFZC 처리구가 대조구에 비해 등지방두께가 않았고 (p<0.05), 가장 좋은 도체등급은 CZC-2 처리구에서 나타났다. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing chromium picolinate (CrP) or carnitine on growth and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 180 cross bred pigs (Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc; initial body weight of 60.7±1.1 kg) were assigned to 6 treatments : Control, CFC{CrP + Fe₂O₃ + CaCO₃}, CFZC{CrP + Fe₂O₃ + ZnO + CaCO₃}, CZC-1 {CrP (1/300) + ZnO(9/300) + CaCO₃(290/300)}, CZC-2(CrP(1/300) + ZnO(14/300) + CaCO₃ (285/300)} and camitine. No significant improvement was found in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed/gain ratio (F/G) by feeding diets containing chromium picolinate. The feed efficiency of male pigs fed with CFZC was better than pigs fed CZC-2 diet during the entire period (p<0.05). No differences were found in carcass characteristics between treatments expect that backfat thickness was reduced in male pigs fed the CFZC diet compared to the control (p<0.05). The best carcass grade was found in pigs fed CZC-2 the diet.