한국판 Liebowitz 사회불안 척도: 임상가 평정(Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: Clinician Administered)의 타당도 연구

강진화,이정애,오강섭,임세원 한국임상심리학회 2013 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.32 No.2

Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), a clinician-administered measure of social anxiety and avoidance, was originally developed with separate subscales for assessment of fear and avoidance of situations involving social interaction and performance/observation by others. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Korean Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: Clinician Administered (K-LSAS-CA) and to demonstrate its diagnostic efficacy. The result of an exploratory factor analysis of a sample consisting of 28 social phobic patients and 98 healthy adults showed a four-factor structure for each : (1) public speaking, (2) social interaction with strangers, (3) assertiveness, and (4) public interaction. We performd ROC analysis in order to examined the reliability and construct validity of the instrument and for assessment of diagnostic efficacy. In comparision of K-LSAS-CA and K-LSAS-SR (self-report version) in the group of 98 healthy adults, the total score for K-LSAS-SR was significantly higher than that of the patients group. Finally, we discussed implications of the LSAS-CA with regard to the study and treatment of social anxiety disorder.

CT상 흉부 대동맥벽의 저밀도 : 아테롬과 박리성 대동맥류 가강내 혈전의 감별

강진화 대한영상의학회 1988 대한영상의학회지 Vol.24 No.6

A Curvilinear or thick band-like low density on aortic wall on CT scan is sometimes problematic. The point is whether its represents atheromatous plaque or thrombosed false lumen of the dissecting aneurysm. We reviewed 212 randomely selected chest CT cases with regard to low denisty on the thoracic aorta. Thir-ty two patients showed visible low density on the aorta. Seven patients had dissecting aneurysm confirmed by aortography and/or CT scan. Atheromatous palque did not exceed 4mm in its maximum thickness and appeared as curvilinear rim while thrombosed false lumen of the dissecting aneurysm exceeded 10mm in its maximum thickness in all cases with the shape of crescent half-moon or thick band. Maximum transverse diameter of thoracic aorta was more than 4cm in all cases of dissecting aneurysm while none of the atheromatous plaque cases showed more than 4cm. Thrombosed false lumen of the dissecting aneurysm can reliably be distinguished from atheroma by its thicker low density region and larger size of the aorta.

Traumatic Pancreas Transection : CT Findings

강진화,옥인돈,윤현기 대한영상의학회 1991 대한영상의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

외상에 의한 췌장절단은 비교적 드문 질환으로 복부둔상(blunt abdominal trauma)의 1-2% 정도에서 발생하고(1) 예후가 불량하여 조기진단이 예후에 큰 영향을 준다(2-3). 전산화단층촬영은 조기진단의 최선의 방법으로, 절단면의 확인, 췌장주변 지방층의 부종, 장간맥 혈관주위의 부종, 좌측 주신막(perirenal fascia)의 비후, 횡행결장간막(transverse mesocolon)혈종등의 소견을 볼 수 있다(1-4). 저자등은 교통사고에 의한 1예를 포함한 복부둔상에 의한 췌장절단 3예의 전산화단층촬영을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

두 개강내 석회화 병변의 자기공명영상

강진화 대한영상의학회 1988 대한영상의학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Recently computed tomography(CT) has been rapidly replaced by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in diagnosis of majority of intracranial diseases. But MRI still has come limitation one of which is its inferiority in detecting calcification. MRI of intracranial calcification has been known to be variable in signal intensity. We retrospectively analized the MRI of 26 patients with intracranial calcified lesions in order to evaluate the MR intensity of calcification and to assess the capability of MRI in detecting calcification in various intracranial lesions. All the MRI were obtained using routine T1-and T2-weighted spin eco pulse sequences on 2.0T super-conducting system. The 26 patients consisted of 13 brain tumors(4 oligodendrogliomas 2 caraniopharyngiomas 2 astrocytomas 1 germ cell tumor 1 medulloblastoma 1 ependymoma and pathologically uncofirmed 2 cases) 11 infectious diseases (1 paragonimiasis 1 sparganosis 2 cysticercoses 3 tuberculosis and 4 unknown cases) and 2 undetermined pathologies. Eighty-two percent (9/11) of infections disease and 50% (1/2) of undetermined group showed signal diminu-tion or signal viod on both T1-and t2-weighted image (T1W1, T2W1) Twenty-four percent (3/13) of brain tumors showed signal diminution on both T1W1 and T2W1. In 46% (6/13) and 61%(8/13) of brain tumors the signal intensities were isointense on T1W1 and T2W1 respectively. Unexpectedly 3 oligodendrogliomas showed high signal intensity on T1W1 two of which showed com plexed signal intensitymixed with high iso and low singnal intensities on T2W1. In remained cases (18% (2/11) of infectious diseases and 50% (1/2) of undetermined group) the signal intensities were mixed. With simultaneous review of CT and MRI in each case the calcification (at least one in cases showing multi-ple ones) was dientifiable on MRI in 62% (8/13) of tumors 82%(9/11) of infectious disease and 100%(2/2) in undetermined group In 36% (4/11) of infectious diseases fewer number of calcific nodules were identification of calcification of intracranial calcification on <RI seemed to be due to multiple factors including small size (less than 3mm) location (within CSF space) and the signal intensity identical to the lesion adjacent to it. It is sug-gested that new pulse sequence (i.e.gradient echo etc) may well be used as adjunctive method for detecting more calcifications and CT is still needed to detect the intracranial calcification.

직접법 현금흐름표의 체계적인 작성 방법론

강진화,안재경 한국상업교육학회 2017 상업교육연구 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 작성하기가 까다롭다고 알려진 직접법 현금흐름표를 체계적으로 작성하는 방법을 제시한다. 제시된 방법은 스프레드시트 등을 사용하여 구현할 수 있다. 정보이용자의 입장에서 직접법이 더 유용하다고 알려져 있음에도 불구하고, 작성의 어려움 때문에 실무에서는 간접법을 선호하고 있으며, 직접법으로 현금흐름표를 작성하는 경우 손익계산서 및 재무상태표 계정과의 연계성을 쉽게 파악하기가 어려워 간접법 현금흐름표를 주석으로 공시해야한다. 이에 직접법 영업현금흐름을 간접법 영업현금흐름과 마찬가지로 당기순이익과 조정항목으로 분석하는 방법을 제시하여, 직접법 영업현금흐름도 손익계산서 및 재무상태표 계정과의 연계성을 파악할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 현금흐름표 작성실무자의 입장에서 직접법과 간접법에 의한 현금흐름표를 동시에 작성할 수 있는 방법을 제시하여 현금흐름표를 보다 쉽게 작성할 수 있도록 하고, 감사인의 입장에서 현금흐름표가 정확하게 작성되었는지 검증하기 쉽도록 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 현업 및 감사인의 실무에서 활용할 수 있고, 공공부문의 자금수지계산서 등 직접법 현금흐름표와 유사한 재무제표 작성에 응용될 수 있으며, 특히 산학협력단 등 직접법 현금흐름표를 요구하는 분야에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. This study presents a systematic method for preparing a direct method cash flow statement which has been known as burdensome task for the flawless completion. The proposed method can be easily implemented using a spreadsheet. Despite the direct method is more useful from the information users’ point of view, the indirect method is preferred by the financial statements preparers because of the practical difficulties with the direct method. When a direct method cash flow statement is disclosed, the relevant operating cash flow in indirect method should be disclosed in the notes because it is hard to reconcile the amount of the direct method components to the income statement and/or the balance sheet. In this regard, this study proposes a method of analyzing a direct method operating cash flows in net income and adjustments items just the same as the case of an indirect method, so that it enables the amounts of the direct method components to be reconciled to the income statement and/or the balance sheet amounts. It also describes a easier method for preparation of the direct cash flow statements as well as indirect ones at the same time, and helps the auditors to more comfortably verify the accuracy of the cash flow statements. The results of this study can be utilized in the practice of preparation and audit, and also applied to the financial statements similar to the direct method cash flow statements such as funds receipts and disbursement statements for the public sector. Particularly those results are useful in the areas including industry-academic cooperation foundations that require a direct method of cash flows statements.

계정조정 방식에 의한 산학협력단 현금흐름표 작성

강진화,안재경 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.41 No.2

The Korean Ministry of Education (MOE) required cash flow statements, instead of fund statements, as a component of the financial statements of the Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundations (IACF) when it revised IACF accounting rules in 2012. While the fund statements were aligned its accounts to the operating statements’ accounts level, the newly adopted cash flow statements’ accounts retreated to two levels higher than those of the operating statements. It may be resulted from the consideration that IACFs’ burden of preparing cash flow statements especially in direct method. To help IACFs prepare the cash flow statements, MOE's guidance on IACF accounting rules introduced cash flow statement preparation method and presented a practical example, but it did not check whether the accounts of the cash flow statement were reconciled to the accounts of corresponding balance sheet and operating statement. That means that the guidance still lacks how to assure it was accurately prepared. Our study proposed cash flow statement preparation using reconciliation method which reconciles cash flow statement accounts’ amounts to balance sheet and operating statement accounts’ amounts with integrity checking and also provided a practical example by using the same case in MOE’s guidance on IACF accounting rules to help IACF accounting personnel to prepare a cash flow statement efficiently.

한글 음성합성 시스템의 설계와 구현

강진화(Jinhwa Kang),고건(Kern Koh) 한국정보과학회 1992 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.19 No.2

음성합성 시스템은 텍스트를 음성으로 변환하여 출력하는 것을 말한다. 영문 음성합성 시스템의 경우 이미 외국어 여러 회사나 연구소에서 많은 연구를 해서, 거의 완벽한 실용상품이 나와있다. 그러나, 한글 음성합성 시스템의 경우, 연구하는 단체도 적고, 이제 겨우 시작 단계에 있을 뿐더러, 관련 단체간의 연구 성과에 대한 교류도 없는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 한글 텍스트에 문법적 처리를 하고, 상용 기호를 처리하여 음성 기호화하는 과정을 중심으로 한글 음성합성 시스템의 설계와 구현을 다룬다.

Cash Flow Statement Preparation Using Accounts Reconciliation Method for IACF

Jinhwa Kang(강진화),Jaekyoung Ahn(안재경) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.41 No.2

The Korean Ministry of Education (MOE) required cash flow statements, instead of fund statements, as a component of the financial statements of the Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundations (IACF) when it revised IACF accounting rules in 2012. While the fund statements were aligned its accounts to the operating statements’ accounts level, the newly adopted cash flow statements’ accounts retreated to two levels higher than those of the operating statements. It may be resulted from the consideration that IACFs’ burden of preparing cash flow statements especially in direct method. To help IACFs prepare the cash flow statements, MOE s guidance on IACF accounting rules introduced cash flow statement preparation method and presented a practical example, but it did not check whether the accounts of the cash flow statement were reconciled to the accounts of corresponding balance sheet and operating statement. That means that the guidance still lacks how to assure it was accurately prepared. Our study proposed cash flow statement preparation using reconciliation method which reconciles cash flow statement accounts’ amounts to balance sheet and operating statement accounts’ amounts with integrity checking and also provided a practical example by using the same case in MOE’s guidance on IACF accounting rules to help IACF accounting personnel to prepare a cash flow statement efficiently.

탈묵을 위한 Celluase와 Xylanase를 생산하는 Bacteria의 분리 및 선발

박성철,강진화,이양수 한국펄프·종이공학회 2003 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

The Image Quality and Radiation Dose of 100-kVp versus 120-kVp ECG-Gated 16-Slice CT Coronary Angiography

박은아,강진화,인용후,정진욱,박재형,이활 대한영상의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.10 No.3

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of performing 100-kVp electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated coronary CT angiography, as compared to 120-kVp ECG-gated coronary CT angiography. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated one hundred eighty five gender- and body mass index-matched 16-slice coronary CT sets of data, which were obtained using either 100 kVp and 620 effective mAs or 120 kVp and 500 effective mAs. The density measurements (image noise, vessel density, signal-tonoise ratio [SNR] and contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR]) and the estimated radiation dose were calculated. As a preference test, two image readers were independently asked to choose one image from each pair of images. The results of both protocols were compared using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The 100-kVp images showed significantly more noise and a significantly higher vessel density than did the 120-kVp images. There were no significant differences in the SNR and CNR. The estimated reduction of the radiation dose for the 100-kVp protocol was 24%; 7.8 ± 0.4 mSV for 100-kVp and 10.1 ± 1.0 mSV for 120-kVp (p < 0.001). The readers preferred the 100-kVp images for reading (reader 1, p = 0.01; reader 2, p = 0.06), with their preferences being stronger when the subject’s body mass index was less than 25. Conclusion: Reducing the tube kilovoltage from 120 to 100 kVp allows a significant reduction of the radiation dose without a significant change in the SNR and the CNR. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of performing 100-kVp electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated coronary CT angiography, as compared to 120-kVp ECG-gated coronary CT angiography. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated one hundred eighty five gender- and body mass index-matched 16-slice coronary CT sets of data, which were obtained using either 100 kVp and 620 effective mAs or 120 kVp and 500 effective mAs. The density measurements (image noise, vessel density, signal-tonoise ratio [SNR] and contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR]) and the estimated radiation dose were calculated. As a preference test, two image readers were independently asked to choose one image from each pair of images. The results of both protocols were compared using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The 100-kVp images showed significantly more noise and a significantly higher vessel density than did the 120-kVp images. There were no significant differences in the SNR and CNR. The estimated reduction of the radiation dose for the 100-kVp protocol was 24%; 7.8 ± 0.4 mSV for 100-kVp and 10.1 ± 1.0 mSV for 120-kVp (p < 0.001). The readers preferred the 100-kVp images for reading (reader 1, p = 0.01; reader 2, p = 0.06), with their preferences being stronger when the subject’s body mass index was less than 25. Conclusion: Reducing the tube kilovoltage from 120 to 100 kVp allows a significant reduction of the radiation dose without a significant change in the SNR and the CNR.