Fluoxetine이 Schedule-Induced Polydipsia가 유발된 백서 뇌에서 Tyrosine Hydroxylase 발현에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,최영민,정주호,정홍경,이용민,김도형,이대환 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

연구목적: Fluoxetine은 serotonin을 매개하여 간접적으로 dopamine 신경전달기능을 억제한다고 추정되고 있다. 또한 운동장애에서 운동기능의 악화를 유발한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 신경세포체에서 fluoxetine이 dopamine에 어떠한 영향을 주는지는 아직까지 확실치 않다. 저자들은 schedule-induced polydipsia를 유발시킨 백서 뇌의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) 발현이 저하됨을 발견하였다. 이를 통해서 fluoxetine이 백서 뇌의 dopamine 기능에 긍정적인지 혹은 부정적인지를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 4주간의 schedule-induced polydipsia 과정을 거친 백서에서 면역죄치화학적인 방법으로 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 저하됨을 확인한 후, 실험동물들에게 fluoxetine 10mg/kg를 3주간 복강내 주사하였다. 실험백서들을 희생시켜 뇌 조직을 적출하여, TH 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 흑질, 복부피개영역, 그리고 미상핵의 TH 면역반응세포를 관찰하고 이를 정상백서와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 다갈증이 유발된 백서의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 정상백서 보다 저하됨을 관찰하였다. 2) 3주간에 걸친 fluoxetine 투여후 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase 발현이 다시 증가하는 소견을 보였다. 결론: Fluoxetine 만성투여가 흑질, 복부피개영역 그리고 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase를 증가시키는 소견을 얻었다. 이러한 결과는 임상에서 dopamine 결핍과 연관된 질환들에서 fluoxetine을 만성투여하면 운동기능을 포함한 증상들의 개선을 가져올 수도 있다고 추정된다. Objective: It has been suggested that fluoxetine inhibits the dopaminergic neurotransmission by serotonergic mediation. And also, it has been shown to inhibit synthesis of DOPA in dopamine-rich areas of the rat forebrain. These dopamine-antagonistic capacity of fluoxetine is only supported by anecdotal report that the increased amount of motor disability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to fluoxetine. However, there is still no evidence of the direct effect of fluoxetine on dopaminergic neuronal cell body in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine in rat brain which showed decreased numbers of dopaminergic neuronal cell body induced by schedule-induced polydipsia(SIP). Method: We incidentally found that 4 weeks of schedule-induced polydipsic rats revealed the suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen with the immunohistochemistric measures. After 3 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of fluoxetine to the schedule induced polydipsic rats, the tyrosine hydroxylase expression was also measured with immunohistochemistry. We compared the tyrosine hydroxylase expression among the normal control, the polydipsic rats, and the rats with fluoxetine treatment. Results: 1) By contrast with the control, the polydipsic rats revealed the evidence of decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. 2)After daily injection of fluoxetine for 3 weeks, the polydipsic rats showed increment of tyrosine hydroxyase expression in those areas. Conclusions: In previous studies, a great deal of results suggest that fluoxetine negatively influence the dopaminergic systems indirectly via serotonergic activation such as inhibition of dopamine synthesis or transport system. Although our results are obtained from rodents, we suggest that fluoxetine directly and positively enhance the dopamine system in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. The chronic adminstration of fluoxetine may be helpful to dopamine-depleted condition in clinical situations. We anticipate the replication studies of our findings and well-controlled clinical trial.

상염색체우성 다낭신의 임상경과 및 합병증

이상주,이영모,이한규,최대은,박기현,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.2

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) is one of most common hereditary disorder. It is potentially fatal and the major mobilities are hypertension and renal failure. To elucidate clinical characteristics and outcomes of ADPKD, 67 ADPKD patients were analyzed retrospectively. The male to female ratio was 48 years for males and 42 years for females. The factors leading to the dignosis of ADPKD were flank or abdominal pain (46%), palpable abdominal mass (24%), incidental findings (18%), gross hematuria and headache. Urinalysis result showed hematuria (31%), proteinuria (19%), pyuria (18%). Among renal complications hypertension (67%) was the most common. Other complications were urolithiasis (16%) upper urinary tract infection (9%), cyst infection (7%). Azotemia was observed in 24% of cases. Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy in 24% and valvular regurgitation in 18% of cases, but there was no mital valve prolapse. Cerebrovascular events occurred in 6 cases (2 cases of intervertebral hemorrhage and 4 cases of cerebral infarction). Hipatic cyst were observed in 64% of cases. Eighteen cases culminated in end stage renal failure (ESRF) at an of 47. According to this study, the most common complications of ADPKD was hypertension (67%), ESRF (27%), and cerebrovascular event (9%). Hypertension was more frequently observed in increased creatinine group than normal.

Experimental investigation of macroscopic material nonlinear behavior and microscopic void volume fraction change for porous materials under uniaxial compression

Lee, Eun Sun,Goh, Tae Sik,Lee, Jung Sub,Heo, Jin-Young,Kim, Gi-Baek,Lee, Chi-Seung Elsevier 2019 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.163 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The purpose of this study was to simultaneously analyze the nonlinear behavior and the void volume fraction change of polyurethane foam (PUF) under a uniaxial compressive load through micro-scale and macro-scale viewpoints. The influence of micro-scale factors on the macroscopic properties of PUF was analyzed, along with the interrelationships between micro-scale and macroscopic properties. The microstructure of PUF was observed by analyzing the density. Various micro-analyses were also conducted, including those for energy absorption, Young's modulus, and recovery behaviors. Internal structure changes such as those in density and degree of compressive strain were analyzed by measuring the void volume fraction of each region in the specimen under a uniaxial compressive load. The elastic, plateau, densification, and fracture regions of the compressive test stress-strain curve were divided, analyzed, and compared with microscopic analysis results. Based on the results of the macro-micro-scale experiment, we analyzed influence and change process of microstructures on the compressive behavior of the PUF specimen in detail. This study shows that internal and overall changes in the compression process of various porous materials can be predicted under a uniaxial compressive load.</P>

Effect of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Oxidation Property of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy

Gi‑Su Ham,Young‑Kyun Kim,Young Sang Na,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.1

This study investigated the effect of Ti addition on microstructure and high-temperature oxidation property of AlCoCrFeNihigh-entropy alloy. Ti content was controlled at 0 at% and 1 at%. The two alloys were found to have BCC single phase, andthe average grain sizes of Ti0.0 and Ti1.0 were 47.3 μm and 49.7 μm, respectively, showing similarity. The EDS mappingof the inside of grains found that both alloys were characterized to be divided into Al-Ni element rich region and Cr–Feelement rich region. As a result of high-temperature oxidation test at 1100 °C, oxidation weight gains were measured atTi0.0: 0.75 mg/cm2 and Ti1.0: 0.17 mg/cm2, respectively. The results indicate that Ti addition largely improved high temperatureoxidation resistance of AlCoCrFeNi HEA. Ti1.0 alloy, in particular, showed remarkably more excellent 1100 °Chigh-temperature oxidation resistance than other previously reported major ones such as NiCrAl and FeCrAl. In the surfaceand cross-section observations after oxidation tests, both alloys were found to have Al2O3oxides mostly. While the Ti0.0material was observed to have Al2O3spallation macroscopically, the Ti1.0 alloy showed Al2O3spallation only in some localareas. In addition, a unique result was found in AlCoCrFeNiTix(x=0,1) alloy that BCC → FCC phase transformation was accelerated,and FCC phase layer was formed in the surficial area where Al element had been depleted due to high-temperatureoxidation. Moreover, as Ti was added, the thickness of FCC layer induced by high-temperature oxidation decreased. Basedon the results, it was also discussed on how to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of AlCoCrFeNiTixHEA.

출산후 여성의 우울성향과 영아 기질, 양육 스트레스 및 대처방식과의 연관성

최영민,이승휘,김영미,이정호,전성일,이기철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

목 적 : 산후우울증의 발생은 출산 직후부터 1년까지 지속될 수 있고 출산 이후에도 오랜 기간동안 발생 가능성이 있으며, 산후우울증을 단순히 선행하는 감정적 문제, 통제 소재, 사회적지지, 출산과 동반된 생리적 변인만으로 설명할 수 없다. 그러므로 산후우울증은 출산후 산모-영아 상호관계에서 겪게되는 어려운 영아의 기질, 산모가 영아를 양육하면서 겪게되는 양육 스트레스, 그리고 산모의 대처 방식과 연관이 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 산후우울증과 영아 기질, 양육 스트레스, 대처방식을 변인으로 하여 산후우울증과의 연관성을 평가하기위해 산후의 우울성향과 각 변인의 관계를 연구하였다. 방 법 : 연구의 대상은 1996년 7월 16일부터 8월 27일까지 인제 대학교 의과대학 부속 상계백병원 소아과 외래에 예방 접종을 위해 내원한 4개월에서 12개월 사이의 영아를 둔 산모 105명을 대상으로 하였다. Beck우울척도(BDI), 영아기질척도(EAS), 부모 양육스트레스 목록표(PSI), 대처방식척도(WCC)를 사용하여 산후의 우울성향과 이들 변인과의 연관성을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 : 1) 어머니의 우울성향 점수는 영아의 기질중 부정적 정서성(r=.26 p<0.05), 과도한 활동성(r=.22 p<0.05)과 유의미한 상관 관계를 보였다. 영아의 사회성 척도와는 부적 상관이 있었으나 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았다. 2) 어머니의 우울성향 점수는 양육 스트레스와는 정적 상관관계가 있었다(r=.44 p<0.001). 3) 어머니의 우울성향 점수와 대처방식과 유의미한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 4) 영아의 부정적 정서성과 양육 스트레스는 정적 상관관계가 있었으나(r=.49 p<0.001) 사회성, 활동성과의 상관관계는 유의미하지 않았다. 양육 스트레스와 대처방식과도 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과, 산모의 산후 우울성향과 첫째, 영아 기질 중 정서성과 활동성이 연관관계가 있고 둘째, 양육스트레스와 연관이 있으나 세째, 대처방식과는 연관이 없었다. 이런 결과는 산후의 우울성향과 각 요인과의 연관성을 살펴볼 때 산후우울증에 더 중요한 영향을 미치는 것은 산모의 대처 방식이라는 어머니 측의 변인보다는 출산과 동반된 양육 스트레스 혹은 영아의 어려운 기질일 것이라고 추론할 수 있다. Objectives : This Study examined the relationship of depressive tendency in postpartum women with psychosocial factors such as infant temperament, parental stress and coping style. Methods : The subjects consisted of 05 postpartum women, each of whom had an infant aged 4 to 12 months. They were assessed on demographic variables and on measures of the depressive symptomatology, infant temperament, parental stress and the coping style using Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), the EAS temperamental survey, Parenting Stress Index(PSI), the Way of Coping Checklist(WCC). And then we assessed the relationship of depressive tendency in postpartum women with psychosocial factors. Results : The results were as follows : 1) Depressive tendency in postpartum women had significant relationship with emotionality(r=.26 p<0.05) and activity(r=.22 p<0.05) of infant temperament. 2) Depressive tendency in postpartum women had significant relationship with parenting stress(r=.44 p<0.001). 3) Depressive tendency in postpartum women had no significant relationship with coping style. 4) Parental stress had significant relationship with emotionality(r=.49 p<0.001) but did not have any relationship with sociability and activity of infant temperament. Parenting stress had no significant relationship with coping style. Conclusion : These results suggest that depressive tendency in postpartum women correlated with emotionality and activity of infant temperament correlated with parenting stress but not correlated with coping style. Infant temperament and parenting stress to child rearing are more significantly correlated with depressive tendency in postpartum women than coping style of postpartum women.

하시모트 갑상선염과 동반된 갑상선 MALT 림프종(MALToma) 1 예

김영선,이태영,한찬희,유명희,김철희,변동원,진소영,남일송,류은상,홍기영,윤석기,서교일 대한내과학회 2001 대한내과학회지 Vol.61 No.3

Primary thyroid lymphomas constitute of up to 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Recently, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma are relatively recognized as a B cell subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MALT-lymphomas are thought to develop from acquired lymphocytic tissue during the course of a chronic inflammatory or autoimmune process. In the thyroid , which is normally devoid of lymphocytic tissue, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) has been associated with an increased risk of lymphoma, including MALT type. The clinical presentations include the enlarging of the neck mass, dysphagia, hoarsenes and choking or cold thyroid nodule. We report a case of MALToma of the thyroid accompanied by Hashimoto's thyroiditis with a review of the literature.(Korean J Med 61:281-285, 2001)

에탄올이 백서의 해마에서 Neuropeptide Y 발현에 미치는 영향

정홍경,이기철,이정호,이희제,정주호,이주영 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

65세 이상의 노령층에서 고지혈증의 위험요인

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,김세훈,김승수,김승훈,김영록,김웅빈,이성수 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

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간세포암에 대한 화학 색전 및 주입 요법 후에 발생한 발열과 감염성 합병증에 관한 전향적 연구

김양수,이상오,이미숙,정두련,김은옥,정영화,우준희,이영상,서동진,성규보,류지소,고기영 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 간동맥 화학 색전 및 주입 요법을 시행 받은 환자에서 시술 후 나타나는 발열 및 감염성 합병증의 빈도와 특성을 관찰하고, 이들 중 감염성 합병증이 발생한 환자들을 미래 예측할 수 있는 임상적 지표들이 있는 지 알고자 하였다. 방법 : 1997년 6월부터 8월까지 간세포암으로 간동맥 화학 색전 및 주입 요법을 시행받은 환자들을 대상으로 전향적으로 조사하였다. 화학 색전 및 주입 요법 시행 후 발열이 발생하였으나 감염 및 간 회 색전증의 증거 없이 자연히 소실된 경우에 한해 색전술 후 증후군이라고 정의하였다. 결과 : 284명에서 303예의 시술(화학 색전 요법 200예, 주입 요법 103예)이 시행되었다. 이중 108예(35.6%)에서 시술 후 발열이 있었다. 발열의 원인으로 감염성 합병증이 7예 (2.3%), 허혈성 담낭염이 5예(1.7%)였고 1예는 분류가 힘들어 나머지 95예(31.4%)를 색전술 후 증후군으로 분류하였다. 감염성 합병증은 배양 음성 중성구성 복수(culture-negative neutrocytic ascites)가 3예, 원발성 세균성 복막염이 2예(이중 1예는 패혈증 동반), 패혈송 쇽이 1예, 요로 감염증이 1예이었다. 색전술 후 증후군은 발열이 없었던 군에 비해 복수가 있거나(odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% contidence interval [CI], 1.30∼5.75) 종양이 클수록 (OR, 1/15; 95% CI, 1.06∼1.24), 도한 좌우 감동맥을 모두 막은 경우 (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.00∼3.28) 빈번하게 발생하였다. 감염성 합병증일 때에는 색전술 후 발열이 있으면서 systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)의 기준을 만족하거나 (p<0.05) 시술 후 72시간 이후에 복부 동통이 발생하는 경우가 많았다.(p<0.01). 그러나 발열 시 감염을 미리 구별할 수 있는 검사실 소견은 없었다. 결론 : 간세포암에 대한 화학 색전 및 주입 요법 후 색전술 후 증후군은 31.4%, 감염성 합병증은 2.3%에서 발생하였다. 색전술 후 발열이 있으면서 SIRS의 기준을 만족하거나 시술 후 72시간 이 후에 복부 동통이 발생할 때에는 감염성 합병증을 반드시 고려해야 하겠다. Background : Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and chemoinfusion (TACI) are the methods used increasingly in hepatocelluar carcinoma patients. In this study, the incidence of fever and infectious complications after TACE or TACI in pateints with hepatocellular cacinoma was investigated and clinical parameters predicting such complications were evaluated. Methods : Prospective surveys were done in hepatocelluar carcinoma patients who had undergone TACE or TACI from June August, 1997. Three hundred three treatment cases with TACE (200) or TACI (103) in 284 patients were analyzed. The postembolization syndrome was defined as fever following TACE or TACI that spontaneously subsided without the evidence of infections or extrahepatic emboilizations. Results : One hundread eight (35.6%) out of 303 cases showed fever after the treatment. Regarding the etiology of the fever, after the treatment. Regarding the etiology of the fever, infections occurred in 7 cases (2.3%), and ischemic cholecystitis existed in 5 cases (1.7%). In one case the cause was not clear and 95 cases (31.4%) were classified as the postembolization syndrome. Out of the infections, three had culture-negative neutrocytic scites, two spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (one was accompanied with sepsis), one septic shock, and one urinary tract infection. The postembolization syndrome was more frequently found in the cases with ascites (odd ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval[CI], 1.30∼5.75), with larger tumor (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06∼1.24) and with embolization both hepatic arteries (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.00∼3.28). In the cases with infections, many satisfied the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS, P<0.05) or had abdominal pain 72 hours later (P<0.01) after the treatment. However, no other laboratory data predicted infection among the cases with fever. Conclusion : After TACE or TACI in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 31.4% of cases showed the postembolization syndrome and 2.3% of cases showed infection. Infection should be considered as a cause of fever in patients satisfying the criteria for SIRS or with abdominal pain 72 hours later after the treatment.

정신분열병 환자들의 自己灣入에 관한 예비 연구

박성봉,김영미,전성일,이기철,김영훈,정영조,이영렬,이정호,최영민 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

목 적 : 정 신분열병 환자의 자기만입 정도에 영향을 미치는 인구학적 변인들 및 질병연관 변인들을 규명해 보고자 하였다. 또한. 환자들의 자기만입과 병식 사이의 연관성. 자기만입과 자존심 사이의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 정신과 의사가 병록지와 면담을 통하여 대상 정신분열병 환자들의 인구학적 변인들 및 질병연관 변인들에 관한 자료를 얻고 환자들의 병식 정도를 평가한 후, 환자들로 하여금 자기보고형의 자기만입 척도와 자존심 척도를 시행하게 하였다. 총 111명의 환자가 연구대상으로 선택되었다. 결과: . 1) 여자가 남자보다 유의하게 높은 자기만입 척도 점수를 나타내었다 2) 질병연관 변인들 중 하위집단 사이에 자기만입 척도 점수의 유의한 차이를 보이는 변은 없었다. 3) 자기만입 척도 점수와 병식 점수 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 4) 자기만입 척도 점수와 자존심 척도 점수 사이에 유의한 역상관 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 본 예비 연구의 결과로 보아 정신분열 병 환자의 병식이 부족한 상태에서도 자기만입이 진행될 수 있으며. 자기만입이 심할수록 환자의 자존심이 저하되는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 여자 환자들이 남자 환자들보다 자기만입에 더 취약한 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 정신분열 병 환자의 이해와 치료를 위하여 자기만입에 관한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. objective : This study was conducted to identify demographic variables and illness related variables which may affect the severity of self-engulfment in the patients with schizophrenia. We also studied the relationship between self-engulfment and insight, and the relationship between self-engulfment and self-esteem. Methods : Data on demographic variables and illness related variables for the subjects were gathered from hospital records and clinical interviews by the psychiatrists. Degree of insight for the subjects was assessed through clinical interviews by the psychiatrists. Degree of self-engulfment and self-esteem for the subjects was assessed from the self-engulfment scale and the self-esteem scale respectively. A total of 111 patients with schizophrenia were selected for statistical analysis. Results 1) The females exhibited significantly higher scores than the males on the self-engulfment scale. 2) There was no illness related variable, which exhibited a significant difference among subgroups on the self-engulfment scale. 3) There was no significant correlation between the self-engulfment scores and the insight 4) There was a significantly inverse correlation between the self-engulfment scores and the self-esteem scores. Conclusion : The results of this preliminary study suggest that self-engulfment may develop despite lack of insight and that there was inverse relationship between self-engulfment and self-esteem in the patients with schizophrenia. It also suggests that females are more subject to self-engulfment than males. So, authors suggest that it is valuable to do further studies of self-engulfment in the patients with schizophrenia.