학령전 아동의 정신적 현상에 대한 이해

김영환,이동화 경북대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this investigation was to see whether preschoolers(children of 3, 4, and 5 years of age) understand the fundamental ontological distinction between the internal mental world and objective physical reality. Real physical objects can be distinguished from mental entities on the basis of three criteria. (1) Behavioral-sensory evidence → whether the entity can be seen, touched, and physically acted upon. (2) Public existence→ whether other persons experience the entity. (3) Consistent existence→ whether the entity consistently exists over time. In consistent with previous research findings which tested Western children, the results demonstrated that even 3-year-olds were able to judge real and mental entities appropriately on the basis of the three criteria. The findings are discussed briefly in relation to the Piaget's characterization of young children as realists and recent researches on children's understanding of the mind.

흰쥐에서 갑상샘 절제 후 재생에 따른 세포 및 세포사이물질의 변화

황영일,정용환,이왕재,황덕호,유영복,김혜숙,장가용 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.4

作圖 모델링을 위한 GIS의 應用에 關한 硏究

趙榮煥,郭幸求,張榮桓 木浦大學校沿岸生物硏究所 1991 沿岸生物硏究 Vol.8 No.1

GIS는 資料의 入力過程에 있어서 현재 주로 使用하고 있는 Digitizer를 利用한 방식이 기술을 요하고 時間이 많이 요구된다는 점을 勘案 Scanner, Video Camera등으로 개선 된다면 짧은 시간에 정확하고 신속하게 利用者의 要求에 부응한 地圖, 圖表를 신속하게 製作하는데 있어서 획기적이라 할 수 있다. GIS의 利用은 그 기능의 우세함으로 地圖를 다루는 모든 分野에 要求된다고 판단되며 특히 環境計劃 分野의 利用에 절실히 要求된다. 手作業으로는 거의 불가능한 地形의 3차원적 표현기법으로 地形地勢를 理解하고 분석하는 데 크게 기여할 수 있다고 판단된다. 地圖보관에 있어서도 컴퓨터의 저장 용량이 크게 확대됨에 따라 종래 인쇄지도의 보관문제에 따른 공간점유 문제를 해결할 분 아니라 地圖의 檢索이 즉시적이다. GIS의 과정은 Capture Data --> Resister Map Base --> Interpret Data --> Convert data --> Store Data in computer --> Process Data --> Display Result로 표현 할 수 있으며, 이를 입력(입력(Input))과 출력(Output)의 부분으로 나누어 볼 때 입력의 자료는 기존 圖面, 現地 測量, 人工衛星 등을 通해 얻은 평면 資料와 이에 수반되는 각종 情報를 入力資料로서 사용하게 되며, 出力의 方法으로는 Monitor display terminal, Printer, Plotter 등을 통하여 圖面(Map), 圖表(Table and Figures)가 주된 방법이라 할 수 있다. 이는 결국 공간통계(Spatial statics)를 분석의 방법으로 하여 Computer Mapping, Data Base Management 등의 過程을 거쳐 意思決定에 요구되는 모델 및 정보를 제공하는 일이라 말 할 수 있다. Geographical Database = Position + Topoloty + Attribute 라고 말 할 수 있으며 이 경우 Position은 평면상태에서의 位置, 面積의 槪念이라 할 수 있으며 Topology의 경우 地形의 입체성(3 dimension)등을 표현하는 경우를 말하며, Attribute는 情報의 표현상태를 Symbolize한 것이라고 해석할 수 있다. 특히 圖面을 대상으로 한 컴퓨터 입력의 방법은 기초적으로 도면의 구성이 점(Point), 선(Line)으로 이루어 짐을 감안 할 때 이를 계량적인 방법으로 다룬다는 것을 추론할 수 있다. 입력(Encoding)의 구체적인 방법에 나타난 2가지 방법 Raster base (Grid structure), Vecter base (polygon, line structure)에 대한 사항은 두가지 방법의 장단, 점의 보완 방법에 대한 심도 있는 연구가 절실하다고 본다. 예를 들면 Grid Structure의 경우 자료(Data)의 통계적 처리가 용이한 반면 Grid Display의 면에서 인위적인 요소를 많이 담고 있어 이를 사실과 가까이 접근하고자할 때의 Volume이 커지는 반면 Line Structure의 경우 이와는 반대로 地形의 실제적인 表現은 가능하나 이를 分析의 次元에서의 統計處理 方法에 많은 장해요소가 있다는 사실을 파악할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study forcused on the application of GIS(Geographic Information System) on the habtat analysis of Hugag(Rythmopes inerticlatus) Through this application, this study tried to understand the concept and theory of GIS which is new technology in Korea. GIS is revolutionizing how we handle maps. Historically, maps have been used for navigation through unfamiliar terrain and seas. With this context, preparation of maps accurately locating geographic features became the primary focus of attention. More recentry, analysis of mapped data for decision-making has become an important part of resource and land planning. GIS technology provides a means for quantitative modeling of spatial relation ships. GIS contains hardware and software for data input, storage, processing, and display of computerized maps, the processing can be grouped into four categories : computer mapping, spatial database management, spatial statistics, and cartographic modeling. The use of digital processing allows for rapid processing allows for rapid processing of large volums of data while offering data storage, manipulatively analytical and display capabilities that are not possible through the uses of manual methods. Spatial statistics seeks to characterize the geographis pattern or distribution of mapped data. This approach differs from traditional statistics as it describes the spatial variation in the data rather than distilly the data for typical responses that are assumed to be uniformaly distributed in space. This radical change in map analysis has promoted a more complete intregration of spatial information into the decision-making process.

교정의사가 선호하는 측모의 유형에 따른 특징적 양상에 관한 연구

김영진,김정환 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.5

교정 치료의 목표를 설정하는 데에 있어서 여성의 아름다운 측모에 관한 정확한 이해는 필수적인 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 치과교정의사 간에 심미안의 차이가 있는지를 조사하고, 치과교정의사에 의해 선호되는 여성의 심미적인 측모를 선정하여, 이들이 facial convexity의 정도에 따라 심미적인 측모를 구성하기 위한 특징적인 양상을 보이는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 먼저 교육적 배경이 다른 5명의 치과교정의사로 하여금 133명의 20대 여성의 측모 사진을 이용하여 선호도에 따라 심미적인 측모를 채점하도록 하였다. 심미적인 측모를 가졌다고 판정된 35명의 측모 두부 방사선 사진의 투사도를 작성하여 연조직 분석을 시행하였고, 이를 facial convexity의 정도에 따라 convex군(G-Sn-Pg≥9˚)과 straight 군(G-Sn-Pg<9˚)의 두 subgroup으로 세분화하였다. 심미적인 측모를 선정하는 데에 있어서의 객관성 여부를 조사하기 위하여 5명의 치과교정의사 간의 심미안의 차이에 대한 동질성 검정을 시행하였는데 미의 기준이 주관적임에도 불구하고 치과교정의사간에 측모 선호 양상은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 안모 형태의 차이에 따라 세분된 두 subgroup간의 코의 전후 관계를 나타내는 N-Pg-Sn, N-Pg-Pn에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), nasolabial angle, labiomental angle, 그리고 수직적 분석 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며(p<0.05), 상하순 돌출도를 분석한 결과에서 H-angle, Ls to E line, Li to E line, Pg to Sn perp.에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나 Sn-Pg line와 Sn perp. 에서부터의 거리에는 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 안모 형태(facial pattern)에 따라 심미적인 측모를 구성하기 위한 특징적인 양상의 차이가 존재하며, 이는 특히 코와 상하순, 그리고 턱의 전후방적인 위치에 따라 크게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었다. The perception of facial esthetics is critically important to orthodontists. A viewpoint to facial esthetics is influenced by various factors and dependent on the perception of observer. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences regarding esthetic viewpoints among orthodontists, to identify attractive profiles preferred to orthodontists and to present the characteristic aspects of attractive profiles upon the degree of facial convexity. 35 Persons whose faces were judged as attractive one by 5 orthodontists were selected out of 133 young Korean women. Soft tissue profiles identified as a good-profile group were measured and analyzed. And then according to the facial convexity, good-profile group was subdivided to convex (G-Sn-Pg9˚) and straight (G-Sn-Pg<9˚) groups for the purpose of this study. There were statistically no significant differences regarding esthetic viewpoints among 5 orthodontists(p<0.05), even if there exists prevailing concept that the standard for facial esthetics is substantially subjective. N-Pg-Sn and N-Pg-Pn, measured for determining anteroposterior relationship of midfacial convexity, showed significant differences statistically between 2 subgroups (p<0.05) while nasolabial angle, labiomental angle, and vertical measurements didnt show statistically significant difference between 2 subgroups (p<0.05). And all the measurements related to lip position, H-angle, Ls to E line, Li to E line and Pg to Sn perp., had statistically significant differences between 2 subgroups (p<0.05). The results indicate that the attractive facial profile has different characteristics to be recognized as a good facial pattern, which depend strongly on anteroposterior position of nose, upper and lower lips, and chin.

네모나프라이드의 유효성 및 추체외로 부작용 : Haloperidol 및 Risperidone과의 자연관찰적 개방형 비교연구 A Naturalistic Open Comparative Study with Haloperidol and Risperidone

서영수,김용관,신동환,공보금,이정구,박정환,윤성환,정치영,이상경,김영훈 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.2

Objectives : This open prospective study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects of nemonapride in the schizophrenic patients, and was compared wit one of typical antipshchotics. haloperidol and one of atypical antipsychotics, risperidone. Methods : Thirty male and female schizophrenic patients(DSM-Ⅳ) were treated for 12 weeks with haloperidol(n=10), risperidone(n=10) and nemonapride(n=10). The overall efficacy was assessed at baseline, 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia(PANSS). Also the overall safety was assessed in the same time period by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). Results : There were no significant differences in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative, and general psycho­pathology subscale) among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride groups, Treatment responders, defined as at least 20% reduction of baseline total PANSS score, were achieved by 8 patients(80%) in haloperidol group, 10 patients(100%) in risperidone group, and 8 patients(80%) in nemonapride group. And there were no significant differences in ESRS total scores among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride group. Inter-group comparison among haloperidol, risperidone and nemonapride group, as assessed by the ESRS, revealed no significant differences in the shifts to the maximum score, 9.4(±9.4), 6.2(±8.4), and 11.3(±8.1) respectively, and also revealed no significant differences in the mean time reaching the maximum score, 4.5(±4.5) week, 7.8(±4.8) week, and 4.6(±4.4) week, respectivily. Conclusion : There wee no significant differences in the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects among haloperidal, rispecridone and nemonapride groups. These results suggest that nemonapride was as efficacious and safe in he treatment of schizophrenia, as well known and widely used antipsychotics, haloperidol and risperidone.

급성 골수성 백혈병 환자에서 발생한 침습성 아스페르길루스중에 대한 수술적치료 1 예

배영환;어원식;어상민;김승만 김태영;박수영;서영경;정은주;안효정 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is known to have a poor prognosis and major cause of morbidity and motality in patients with hematologic disease. Without adequate therapy, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis will almost always progress to fatal pneumonia. Early administration of antifungal agents in patient with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is most important. And surgical resection of aspergillous-infected tissue may be useful in patients with lesions that are contiguous with great vessel and lesions causing hemoptysis. We reported a rare case of surgical resection as curative treatment for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patient in 58-year-old man who had the history of acute myeloid leukemia.

消費者의 衣服購買時 品質表示 制度의 認識度와 表示內容의 實態調査

殷英子,柳德桓,咸玉相 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1988 科學論集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purchasing pattern toward the garment's label and to find the problem of content's label. The questionnair method was used to obtained the data which was made by a result of self-administered questionnair, the lot of random sample for this paper was 390 subgects and the problem in the content's label was contemplate as the results of chemical method. The results indicate that; 1. The young's class, high scholarship and the small income earners had the more interest on the ready made clothes than the case of the contrary. 2. The group of 40∼50 year's old had the most interest in the garment label and the second case was the large income earner's and high scholarship's group. 3. An item of the interest in the label was the price and the size, everyone had understood generally the label contents, especially group of young's years all more than old year's, and the mark of Korean standard a little more than international standard's. 4. Percentages of the fibre blending were incorrected, especially mark's term was out of keeping by reason of the a bombastic advertisment.

직장 Dieulafoy 병변으로 다량의 혈변을 보인 1 예

김태영;이상헌;김지현;배영환;정은주;김승만;지삼룡;설상영 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Dieulafoy’s lesion is very rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, Deiulafoy’s lesion is exposure of non ulcerative, abnormally large tortuous, thick- walled artery in the muscularis mucosa through a small submucosal defect. It is usullay found on stomach antrum and lesser curvature side of the proximal body, and possibly found on any sites throughout whole gastrointestinal tract, but rarely on rectum. The principal of treating Dieulafoy’s lesion was the surgical resection of lesion, but recently remarkable advances in endoscopic technique make endoscopic approach more popular. We report a case of rectal Dieulafoy’s lesion successfully treated with endoscopic hemoclipping in an elderly female patient.

흰쥐에서 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간 상해에 미치는 키토산 올리고당의 영향

이영돈,박승림,강소영,김세재,박지권,고영환 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. We reported recently that water soluble chitooligosaccharides have hepatoprotective effect on ethanol induced liver injury in the mouse. The current study examined the effect of water soluble chitooligosaccharides on CC1₄-induced liver injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with CC1₄without or with administration of 5% chitooligosaccharides. After 5 weeks after CC1₄treatment, the histological sections and the expression of mRNA of interleukin-12(IL-12), hepatocyte growth factor(HGF), and tumor necrosis factor(TNF- ) were examined. The liver section of rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides showed attenuated effects of the necrosis, steatosis, cirrhosis compared with those of non-supplemented rats. The level of TNF- mRNA in CC1₄-treated rats were higher than those in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides, while the levels of IL-12 and HGF mRNA were higher in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides than those of in CC1₄-treated rats. These findings suggested that water soluble chitooligosaccharides may have a hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats.

공황장애 집단인지행동치료의 12개월 추적 연구

최영희,박기환,우영재,윤혜영 한국정신신체의학회 2003 정신신체의학 Vol.11 No.2