E. 랑게서 문학에 나타난 종교적 요소

윤예령 숙명여자대학교 독일어권연구센터 1997 독일문화 Vol.4 No.-

Elisabeth Langga¨sser war eine Schriftstellerin, die zwei Weltkriege erlebte und im Bewuβtsein einer christlichen Weltanschauung ihr literalisches Schaffen neu gestaltete. In ihrem Weltbild sind Himmel und Ho¨lle, Go¨ttliches und Satanisches, die Scho¨pfung, Menschenbild und Natur, Zeit und Ewigkeit, die Beschra¨nktheit des Menschen und die Allmacht Gottes eingeschlossen. Das ist der metaphyische Kosmos, und der Mittelpunkt dieser Welt liegt im transzendental Gebiet. Mit dieser Welt hat Langga¨sser einen kosmischen Rahmen aufgestellt, in dem der katholische Roman ohne ku¨nstleriche Widerspru¨nge ausgearbeitet werden kann. Es wird das Versta¨ndnis fu¨r den Menschen betont, die Natur immer zum transzendentalem Gebiet geho¨rt, und es gibt kein Bewuβtsein, das von der religio¨sen Erlebniswelt getrennt sei. Es zeigt sich, daβ das Heimatsland Elisabeth Langga¨ssers mit seinen wesentlichen Formen in allen Werken der Dichterin wiederkehrt. In dieser steten Wiederkehr immer gleicher Landschaftsformen liegt ein ganz bestimmter, von der Dichterin bewuβt angestrebter Ordnungsplan zugrunde: das heimatliche Land um den Altrhein ist fu¨r ihr dichterisches Werk ein wesentliche Form. Der go¨ttliche Urgrund alles Seienden zeigt sich in den in ihren Dichtungen immer wiederkehrenden landschaftlichen Formen. Und Elisabeth Langga¨sser begreift alles Geschehen von der Eschatologie her.Daher wird die Problematik der Judenpognome nicht nur auf das "Dritte Reich" beschra¨nkt, sondern u¨ber diesen konkreten historischen Bezugspunkt hinaus als ein zeitlich wiederkehrendes Ereignis dargestellt. Vor allem in dem Roman "Das unauslo¨schliche Siegel" gibt es einige Passagen, in denen eine starke Kritik an Deutschland sichtbar wird. Sie wollte in diesem Roman auch ein Symbol des ju¨dischen U¨berlebens zeigen, trotz des Vernichtungsversuch des Faschismus. Allem Psychologismus und weltimmanentem Liberalismus widerstrebend, sieht sie die Erlo¨sung der Literatur in der Wende zum vo¨lligen christlichen Glauben. Obwohl dies als dogmatischer und erstarter Gedanke angesehen wird und dies als die Schwa¨che erachtet wird, sollte ihr geistiges Streben, eine genaue Antwort auf die Frage der menschlichen Existenz zu geben und in eine entsprechende Form zu bringen, hoch gescha¨tzt werden.

재생 골재를 콘크리트 포장에 활용하기 위한 기초 물성 연구

조윤호,여성훈,양성철 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2000 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

현재 국내에서 연간 2000만톤이 넘는 건설 폐기물이 발생하고 있다. 이들 건설 폐기물을 이용한 골재 생산이 많아짐에 따라 재생 골재를 어떻게 활용할 것인가에 대한 많은 관심이 기울고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재생 골재를 사용한 콘크리트와 천연 골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 강도를 비교함으로서 재생 골재를 콘크리트 포장 적용 가능성 여부 및 그 한계를 알아보았다. 국내 채석장의 암종을 중심으로 대표암종을 선택하고 이 암들을 사용한 콘크리트의 강도와 재생 골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 압축강도, 인장 강도, 휨강도를 비교하여 보았다. 실험 결과 재생 골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 강도가 천연 골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 50∼70% 수준으로 나타났으며, 특히 콘크리트 포장에 있어서 주요 파라메타인 휨강도와 인장 강도의 경우 많은 차이를 보였다. 따라서 재생 골재를 콘크리트 표층으로 쓰기에는 부적절한 것으로 판단되었고 따라서 lean 콘크리트를 비롯한 하부층으로 활용 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다. Recently, Construction wastes over 20 million ton annually were reported in Korea. Many research on recycling such wastes are focused on the application to the landfill area. In this study, basic material properties are obtained from the concrete specimens using various aggregates including reclaimed aggregate. The flexural strength between concrete using recycled aggregate and natural one were compared to find limitation applying it to highway construction. The representative aggregates including genesis were selected to find properties of concrete by surveying national-wide quarries. Various strength recycled and natural aggregate were acquired from both destructive and non-destructive tests. From the test, low strength about 50∼70 percent on the concrete using recycled aggregate was observed comparing to the concrete using natural aggregate. Especially, much differences in flexural strength that represents a major parameter in the design and evaluation of concrete pavement was found. Therefore, it was concluded that making concrete slab to highway construction using recycled aggregate was not applicable. Different application area such as lean concrete are further studied.

유아의 또래간 인기도와 대인문제해결력 및 친사회적 행동에 관한 연구

김윤아,전예화 인제대학교 아동ㆍ가족복지연구소 1998 아동ㆍ가족복지연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate among children, divided into two groups - popular and unpopular - after a popularity test done by themselves, if there are any differences between these two groups in the (inter)personal problem-solving ability and in the prosocial behavior which is evaluated by teachers after individual questionnaires. We will also try to find out if there are any relations between personal problem-solving ability and prosocial behavior. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, there is among children's peers meaningful difference statistically between popularity and personal problem-solving ability. Second, there is meaningful difference statistically between popularity and prosocial behavior among children's peers. Third, there is no meaningful relation between personal problem-solving ability and prosocial behavior.

플러그셀 크기 및 용토가 거어베라의 묘생장에 미치는 영향

조문수,예병쾌,박윤영,전하준 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.1

양액재배용 거어베라 우량묘를 생산하기 위한 기초연구로 플러그셀 크기 및 용토가 묘생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 용토의 물리성을 측정한 결과 가비중, 진비중 및 공극율은 퍼얼라이트에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 수분보유량은 코코피트에서 가장 높게 측정되었다. 162, 129, 72, 50구 플러그셀 트레리별로 퍼얼라이트 코코피트 그리고 퍼얼라이트+코코제트(1:1)을 채우고 60일간 육묘하여 묘의 생육을 조사하였다. 묘의 엽수는 125구 코코피트 처리에서 가장 많았으며 엽면적은 50구 코코피트 처리에서 높게 나타났다. 신초와 뿌리의 생체중 및 건물중 그리고 엽록소 함량은 퍼얼라이트+코코피트 처리에서 높게 측정되었다. 플러그셀 크기가 클수록 유모 생장에 효과적이었으며 퍼얼라이트 단용 보다는 코코피트와의 혼용 용토에서 유묘 생육이 가장 양호하였다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of plug tray cell size and growth media on good seedling production of Gerbera hybrida Hort. Seedlings were worm for 60 days in 50, 72, 128, 162 cell trays continuing perlite, cocopeat and perlite+cocopeat(1:1, v/v). Perlite showed higher bulk density than cocopeat and perUte+cocepeat. Total porosity was greater in perlite, cocopeat and perlite+cacopeat in order. Cocopeat showed the highest water balding capacity. Number of leaves were greatest in 128 cell tray containing cocopeat. Leaf area was greatest in 50 cell tray containing cocopeat. Seedling growth was also better in plug tray of bigger cell size. Seedling growth of fresh and dry weight of shoot and root was much better in the growth media of perlite+cocopeat.

Carotenoids 식이와 알코올이 혈액학적 성분과 간조직에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조만희,김연선,이상한,우기민,장예진,김창세 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.2

Alcohol is well known agent which can damage the human tissues such as liver via stimulating lipid peroxidation and storage, denaturation of macromolecules, and inhibiting protein metabolism. On the other hand, carotenoids in addition to vitamins A, C, E and lipoic acid, play important roles in protecting these oxidative damages as well as preventing the production of free radicals. This study was carried out to elucidate the precise effects of alcohol administration into rats on the antioxidative functions of dietary carotenoids and isolated β-carotene, and to find out any parameters to uncover more detailed biochemical mechanisms of these agents. For these purposes, two different approaches were performed: 1) examination of the changes in hematological parameters (e.g., total proteins, A/G ratio, ALT/AST et. al) and statistical correlations among inter- and intragroups, 2) examination of the histopathological changes by an electron microscope. The results were analyzed and summarized as following; (1) Carrot diet for one week caused a slight increase in albumin. A/G ratio and AST levels, and a slight decrease in ALT, ALP, BUN and uric acid levels. Two-week alcohol administration following carrot diet increased total proteins, albumin A/G ratio and BUN levels. However, both groups were shown to have little significant changes in cholesterol concentrations. (2) Cheese diet for one week caused a significant increase in total proteins, albumin, AST, ALP, uric acid and total cholesterol levels, and a significant decrease in A/G ratio and glucose concentrations. However, two-week β-carotene diet following cheese intake increased total proteins albumin, A/G ratio, BUN and total cholesterol levels, whereas AST, ALT, ALP and uric acid levels were decreased. (3) Alcohol administration for one week caused an increase in AST activities and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, ALT, ALP and BUN levels. A successive β-carotene diet following alcohol administration increased total proteins, albumin, ALT, ALP and BUN levels, whereas decreased AST and uric acid levels. However, there were not significant changes in A/G ratio, glucose and total cholesterol levels in both groups. (4) β-carotene diet for one week caused a slight increase in albumin, glucose, AST and uric acid levels, and a slight decrease in ALP and BUN levels. Two-weeks alcohol administration following β-carotene diet increased albumin, glucose, BUN and total cholesterol levels, whereas decreased AST, ALT, ALP and uric acid levels. (5) Although the pathological investigation on the liver did not reveal significant changes, cheese diet group (CH-BC/1-CH) was shown to have some lipid deposits. Some results were unexpected and different from typical hematological changes shown by other researchers. Nonetheless, these results strongly suggest that the liver damage or hepatism caused by alcohol intake affects many kinds of biochemical metabolisms, which results in significant changes in many hematological parameters. In addition, dietary carotenoid and isolated β-carotene were shown to have protective roles against the biochemical changes by alcohol intake.

루리드 정(록시스로마이신 150㎎)에 대한 록시스린 정의 생물학적동등성

정선경,이윤영,조태섭,김호현,이예리,이경률,이희주 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.3

A bioequivalence study of Roxithrin™ tablet (Kukje Pharma. Ind. Co., Ltd.) to Rulid™ tablet (Han Dok Pharma. Ind. Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the roxithromycin dose of 300 mg in a 2×2 crossover study. There was a one-week wash-out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of roxithromycin were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 36 hours after drug administration. AUC, (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 36 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. C_(max) (maximum plasma drug concentration) and T_(max) (time to reach C_(max)) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUC, and C_(max). No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the AUC, ratio and the C_(max) ratio for Roxithrin™/Rulid™ were 1.00 - 1.13 and 0.98 - 1.10, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80 - 1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of Roxithrin™ and Rulid™ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

혈액투석요법 시행 중인 만성 신부전환자에서 혈청 갑상선 홀몬농도에 관한 연구

이정호,이예봉,윤성철 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

To investigate the thyroid hormonal changes and their mechanisms in patients with chronic renal failure, we measured serum levels of the thyroid hormones using rediommunoassay and calculated each ratio of serum thyroid hormones in 20 patients with chronic renal failure who were on hemodialysis therapy. The following results were obtained. 1) The serum T_3 concentrations was significantly lower in patients with chronic renal failure(0.75±0.23㎍/l) than in normal subjects(1.18±0.37㎍/l). 2) The serum T_4 concentrations was significantly lower in patients with CRF(4.96±1.20㎍/l) than in normal subjects(8.45±1.55㎍/dl). 3) The serum FT_4 concentrations was significantly lower in patients with CRF(0.69±0.22ηg/ml) than in normal subjects(1.18±0.15ηg/ml). 4) The serum TSH concentrations in patients with CRF (2.08±2.38μμ/ml) tends to be greater than normal subjects(1.65±0.79μu/ml). But it was not significant statistically. 5) The serum rT_3 concentrations in patients with CRF (21.95±14.79ηg/ml) tends to be greater than normal subjects(18.5±2.80ηg/ml). But it was not significant statistically. 6) The calculated serum concentration ratios of T_3/T_4 and rT_3/T_3 in patients with CRF(0.17±0.09 and 38.30±43.31 : presented as Mean±SEM) dis not differ significantly that of normal subjects(0.14±0.04 and 17.04±5.71). But the serum concentration ratio of rT_3, T_3 in patients with CRF(4.53±2.73) was significantly greater than in normal subjects(2.25±0.50) 7) There was no significant difference in thyroid functions between male & female patients with CRF. 8) The serum T_3, T_4, TSH and rT_3 concentrations not related to the duration of hemodialysis, but serum FT_4 concentrations was lower in patients treated with hemodialysis for more than 36monts(0.49±0.10ηg/ml) than in patients treated with hemodialysis for less than 36months(0.74±0.22ηg/ml). It was concluded that the serum T_3, T_4 & FT_4 concentrations were significantly decreased, while calculated serum concentration ratios of rT_3/T_4 was significantly increased in patients with CRF. Thus we estimates that this decreased thyroid function in patients with CRF may reflect the alteration of serum rT_3 metabolism or increased peripheral conversion of T_4 to rT_3. It is also estimated that chronic hemodialysis leads to a propotional decline of thyroid hormone.

건일로딘 정(미결정에토돌락 200 ㎎)에 대한 에토돌 정의 생물학적동등성

이정애,이윤영,조태섭,박영준,문병석,김호현,이예리,이희주,이경률 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.4

A bioequivalence of Etodol™ tablets (Yuhan corporation) and Kuhnillodine™ tablets (Kuhnil Pharm, Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Single 200 ㎎ dose of etodolac of each medicine was administered orally to 24 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a 2×2 cross-over design. Concentrations of etodolac in human plasma were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography. AUCt (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. C_(max) (maximum plasma drug concentration) and T_(max) (time to reach C_(max)) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed AUCt and C_(max). No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the AUCt ratio and the C_(max) ratio for Etodol™/Kuhnillodine™ were 1.01 - 1.10 and 0.87 - 1.06, respectively. This study demonstrated a bioequivalence of Etodol™ and Kuhnillodine™ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

만성 견비통에 대한 동씨침 치료의 무작위 대조군의 임상 연구

김찬영,권나현,신예지,남동우,김건형,김종인,최도영,이윤호,이재동 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment in chronic shoulder pain patients. Methods : 36 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to an acupuncture treatment group(E GrouP, n=18) and a control group(C GrouP, n=18). The E Group patients received acupuncture treatment on LI_(15), TE_(14), GB_(21) and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for four weeks. The C Group patients received no treatment. All patients in both groups were instructed to practise self exercise in their daily lives. Evaluations were made at baseline and after four weeks of study. The Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI) and the patient's subjective pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data was analyzed. Results '. The E Group showed significant(p<0.05) improvement in CSA, SPADI and VAS after four weeks of treatment. The C Group showed significant(p<0.05) improvement in CSA, but the change of SPADI and VAS was insignificant(P>0.05). CSA and SPADI of E Group significantly(p<0.05) improved compared to the C GrouP, but the difference of VAS change in the two groups was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusions : Four weeks of acupuncture treatment significantly improved CSA, SPADI and VAS. The improvement of CSA and SPADI was significant(p<0.05) compared to untreated patients.

2차원 저속절삭에 있어서 버어의 생성에 관한 연구

전태옥,박흥식,이광영,예규현,박윤식 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.2

Recently the development of CNC machine tools seems to bring about progressional high speed, precision, and automation in cutting processing, but is unlikely to avoid the generation of burr arising from plastic deformation, which may result in deterioration of improvement in the precision and productivity of products. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the sizes of burrs via two-dimensional low speed cutting experiments under varied different cutting conditions by taking as its materials of cutting A6061, A2014, STS304 and SM40C commonly used for precision machine paets, motor cars, aircrafts, and so on. When the depths of burrs increase, the size of the burrs are inclined to increase linearly at their final stage rather than the lateral sizes of the burrs. When cutting becomes fast in speed, the lateral sizes of burrs appear consistent, but from a relative perspective the sizes of the final burrs tend to be remarkably increased. An increase in the angle of inclination of α is seen as effective in reducing the thickness of burrs, and burrs were more decreased in size on coating tools rather than in uncoating tools.