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體育과 人間形成에 關한 硏究 : A New Trend in Physical Education and Sports 體育·스포-츠의 最近世界動向을 中心으로
朴興植 성신여자대학교 기초과학연구소 1984 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-
Physical Education is experiencing a world-wide change since 1970's. In the past, especially during the last fifty years, Physical Education was mainly understood as an education for the perfection of human capacity through physical activities. But recently the term "Physical Education" itself is radically questioned and the traditional methods and contexts are rearranged. For example, such unfamiliar words as sports section in Germanny, "Idrott" in Sweden "Human movement" "Education through play" etc. are some examples of newly-coined terms. Besides, the traditional boundary of Physical Education is enlarged; the credit hours for Physical Education become more and more flexible; the rigidity of class boundary is weakened in many ways; the course-system is newly introduced. All these changes are good indication to a new understanding of Physical Education, but they are not enough. There are so many problems to be solved. The theory of Physical Education as a means, the ideological problems, and life-long Physical Education are some examples of these problems. To solve these problems, we should transcend the confrontation of ideologies of the West and East. And expects from the various fields should coordinated and exchange their experiences. Physical Education itself should be reexamined in the cultural and philosophica l contexts. The ultimate objects of Physical Education is the whole being of human life. Therefore, it is a kind of human science whose nature and aim should be newly illuminated in the whole human context.
프랙탈 차원을 이용한 기계습동재료의 마멸입자 형상특징 해석
박흥식,김영희,전태옥,문병주,조연상 동아대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.2
The morphological analysis of wear particle is a very effective means for machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. In order to describe morphology of various wear particle, the wear test was carried out under friction experimental conditions. And fractal descriptors was applied to boundary and surface of wear particle with image processing. These descriptors to analyze shape and surface of wear particle are shape fractal dimension and surface fractal dimension. The boundary fractal dimension can be derived from the boundary profile and surface fractal dimension can be determined by sum of intensity difference of surface pixel. The morphology of wear particles can be effectively obtained by two fractal parameter.
기초지방의회의 의정활동평가에 관한 분석적 연구 : 강릉시의회의 의정활동을 사례로
박흥식 延世行政硏究會 2004 현대사회와 행정 Vol.14 No.2
본 연구는 지만 10여년의 의정활동을 평가하여 미흡했던 부분은 무엇이며, 개선하여야 할 사항은 무엇인지 파악하기 위한 것이다. 사례지역으로서 강릉시의회가 지난 10여년의 의정활동이 어떻게 수행했는가를 분석하고, 의정황동의 현실을 진단하여 문제점을 파악하고 이를 개선, 보완할 수 있는 대안을 모색 해보고자 한다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 지방의회의 입법기능, 심의기능, 감시기능, 대표기능을 강릉시의회 의정활동의 분석대상으로 삼았다. 더 나아가 의정활동에 대한 주민만족도를 알아보기 위하여 강릉시에 거주하는 만 20세 이상의 시민을 모집단으로 설정하였다. 의정활동에 대한 주민만족도 분석내용과 측정변수는 입법활동, 예산결산 및 심의·의결활동, 행정감사활동, 주민대표활동 등으로 한정하였다. 이외에 의정활동 향상의 정도, 강릉시의회 조례 제·개정 사실에 대한 인식 정도, 조례 제정시 시민의견반영의 정도 등의 만족도를 분석하였다.
중세 동업조합의 총회(Morgensprache) : 북독일 도시의 사례를 중심으로 The Case of Northern German Cities
박흥식 한국서양사학회 2000 西洋史論 Vol.67 No.1
Recent studies on guilds in the medieval period have focused on the types of their association, the result of which have paid little attention to how they managed to lead communal lives of their own. This paper examines the organization and communal nature of the guild based on general assembly of its members (Morgensprache) with a view of filling the lacunae of recent studies. This study will show the character of autonomous community achieved by its members by examining vividly the real picture of self-governance of the association through the openings and proceedings of Morgensprache. In addition, the character will be shown by examining the limits of authority of the city-lord and the municipal council in the matter of jurisdiction and judicial power of Morgensprache. In this paper I use the statues of northern German cities, Lu¨neburg and Goslar, as a concrete case studies of Morgensprache of merchant and craft guilds. With the help of primary sources I can find the following facts: members of the guilds organized their associations for meeting their needs and autonomously solving the problems in lives. Morgensprache was the center of their autonomous communal lives. Morgensprache was the place where debated urgent and annually repeated agenda. It also punished members violating the statues and had judicial powers not to be exercised by outside members. The jurisdiction of Morgensprache was essential for solving impending problems of the guild. This jurisdiction made it possible for the guild to regulate the choice of occupation and most of every lives of members. The guild imposed mostly economic regulation on its members when they violated 'communal norms' written in the statutes. It also employed the coercive expulsion from the community in order to maintain the discipline and cohesion of the organization. In general, the basic significance of Morgensparche can be found in the attempt to solidify the communal cohesion of guild members by pledging an oath, religious ceremony, and banquet including communal dinner rather than counsels and judicial courts. The guild could achieve the common interests of its members based on the collective ceremony and experiences, and the feeling of solidarity resulted from the former two. The guild enjoyed somewhat an autonomy regardless of its size and number of its members, but it remained a subordinate organization of the city. The organization of the guild and lives of its members in fact were regulated by the council based on the fact that all citizens and heads of the guilds as well as its members had an obligation of annual oath and the surveillance function of the council on the guild, which was especially manifest in Lu¨neburg.(Seoul National University)
냉간성형 금형용강(STD11)의 형조각 방전가공 특성에 관한 연구
박흥식,전태옥 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2
This study has been performed to investigate MRR(metal removal rate), REW(relative electrode wear), surface roughness, heat transmutation layer and microhardness distribution in cross-section of the machined surface varing pulse-on duration and peak pulse current to find out the best EDM condition of the heat treated STD11 which is extensively used for metallic molding steel by using the die sinking EDM.