대기 중 유해성분(NO₂, SO₂, HCHO)에 의해 열화된 종이의 물리적 특성

백소라(So Ra Beck),정소윤(So Yoon Jeong),정현석(Hyun Suk Jung),이진희(Jin Hee Lee),김형진(Hyoung Jin Kim),김신도(Shin Do Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2014 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

한열변증에 따른 중풍 환자의 제반특성 비교

김민경,이인환,신애숙,김나희,김혜미,심소라,나병조,조승연,박성욱,정우상,문상관,박정미,고창남,조기호,김영석,배형섭,Kim, Min-kyung,Lee, ln-whan,Shin, Ae-sook,Kim, Na-hee,Kim, Hye-mi,Shim, So-ra,Na, Byung-Jo,Cho, Seung-yeon,Park, Seong-uk,Jung, Woo Sang 대한중풍순환신경학회 2010 대한중풍.순환신경학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Object : This study was conducted as part of the national project to standardize stroke diagnosis in Korean medicine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of acute stroke between heat pattern group and cold pattern group. Methods : We recruited stroke patients from 5 universities(Kyung-Hee University oriental medical center, Kyung-Hee University East-West Neo medical center, Kyungwon university lncheon oriental medical center, Kyungwon university Songpa oriental medical center and DongGuk university llsan oriental medical center) from April, 2007 until February, 2010. We diagnosed them and selected 463 heat pattern patients and 182 cold pattern patients. Results : We find that the risk factor of smoking, alcohol, diet(prefer to meat) are more associated with the heat pattern group. On the other hand, inflammation history in recent 3 months and diet(prefer to sea food) are more associated with the cold pattern group. RBC, Hg, Hct, TG, CK and Cl are more related to the heat pattern group. CPT, total cholesterol and HDL are more related to the cold pattern group. Tae-eum type takes high distribution of the heat pattern group, and So-eum type takes high distribution of the cold pattern group. Conclusions : This study provides evidence that the heat pattern group have more risk factor than the cold pattern group.

항균성 동치미액의 첨가에 의한 냉면국물 중의 Listeria monocytogenes 및 Escherichia coli O157:H7 생육억제

소명환,박상희,조신호,황한준,성낙주 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

동치미액은 전통적으로 냉면국물로 이용되어왔다. 냉면국물의 미생물 오염문제를 해결하기 위하여 항균활성이 높은 김치 젖산균 Lactobacillus homohiochii B21과 Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides C16을 스타터로 혼합사용하여 동치미액을 제조하고, 이를 냉면국물에 100%, 50%, 10% 및 0% 첨가하여 20℃ 및 10℃에서 보관할 때에 동치미액의 항균력으로 인하여 의도적으로 첨가한 Listeria monocytogenes와 Escherichia coli O157:H7의 증식이 억제되는 정도를 조사하였다. 동치미액 100%인 냉면국물은 20℃에서 보관할 때에 Listeria monocytogenes는 8시간만에, Escherichia coli O157:H7는 40시간만이 10^6CFU/ml에서 10^0CFU/ml로 각각 급격히 사멸하였고, 10℃에서 보관할 때에도 시간경과에 따라 생균수가 급격히 감소하였으나 감소속도는 20℃에서 보관할 때보다 느렸다. 동치미액을 50% 첨가한 육수에서도 Listeria monocytogenes와 Escherichia coli O157:H7는 시간경과에 따라 급격히 감소하였으며, 감소속도는 동치미액 100%일 경우보다 느렸다. 동치미액을 10% 첨가한 육수는 20℃에서 보관할 때는 초기에 Listeria monocytogenes 및 Escherichia coli O157:H7의 균수증가가 약간 있었으나 동치미액 무첨가에 비하여 현저히 억제되었으며, 16시간 이후부터는 균수가 서서히 감소하였다. 동치미액을 첨가하지 않은 육수는 20℃에서 보관할 때는 초기부터 Listeria monocytogenes 및 Escherichia coli O157:H7의 균수증가가 급격히 이루어졌으며, 10℃에서 보관할 때는 24시간 이후부터 서서히 증가하였다. Listeria monocytogenes 및 Escherichia coli O157:H7에 대한 본 동치미액의 항균활성은 후자의 미생물보다 전자에 대하여 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 동치미액을 육수에 50% 첨가하여 냉면국물을 제조한다면 보관중의 미생물 오염문제 해결에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. Juice of Dongchimi, a Korean traditional vegetable food fermented with lactic acid bacteria has been traditionary used as broth for Naengmyon, a Korean cold noodles with broth. This study was carried out to demonstrate the growth inhibition of two food born pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7, in Naengmyon-broth containing Dongchimi-juice fermented with high antibacterial lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus homohiochii B21 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides C16. Naengmyon-broths were made with beef broth and Dongchimi-juice fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and the changes in viable cell counts of the inoculated pathogens in Naengmyon-broths were investigated during storage at 20℃ and 10℃. In Naengmyon-broth of 100% Dongchimi-juice stored at 20℃, the numbers of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were rapidly decreased from 10^6CFU/ml to 10^0CFU/ml in 8 hours and 40 hours, respectively. In Naengmyon-broth containing 50% Dongchimi-juice, their numbers were also rapidly decreased, though the decreasing rates were not so fast as those in 100% Dongchimi-juice. In Naengmyon-broth containing 10% Dongchimi-juice, the growths of the two pathogens were markedly inhibited, compared with those in 100% beef broth, though some growths were occurred in early phase. But in Naengmyon-broth of 100% beef broth, their growths were very fast from early. Antibacterial activity of the Dongchimi-juice was more distinct at 20℃ than at 10℃, and was more active against Listeria monocytogenes than against Escherichia coli O157:H7.

멀티미디어 매체 활용이 한국어 쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향 연구 : 학문 목적 중⋅고급 학습자를 대상으로

신민아, 박소희 배재대학교 주시경교양교육연구소 2017 대학교양교육연구 Vol.2 No.1

최근 한국어를 학습하는 학문 목적 학습자가 점점 증가하고 있으며 이들에게 쓰기 교육은 아주 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 쓰기는 다른 언어 기능과 달리 일상생활에서 자연스럽게 학습할 수 있는 것이 아니라 의도된 교육 환경 아래에서 학습이 가능하다. 이에 멀티미디어매체를 통해 쓰기에 대한 학습자들의 부담을 줄이고 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 쓰기 교육이 필요하다. 본 연구는 부산 소재의 D대학교에서 외국어를 학습하는 중급 24명의 학생을 대상으로 하였다.5) 본 연구에서는 같은 주제에 대한 쓰기를 2회 실시한다. 1회차 쓰기에서 학습자들은 교사의 설명이나 자료의 제공 없이 자신의 생각을 쓴다. 쓰기 수행이 끝나면 학습자는 관련 멀티미디어 매체를 보면서 쓰기에 사용할 어휘나 문장, 내용을 메모한다. 그리고 다시 같은 주제에 대해 2회차 쓰기를 실시한 후 매체 사용 전⋅후의 쓰기 결과를 비교하였다. 멀티미디어 매체를 활용한 수업은 학습자들의 흥미와 동기를 고취시키고 실제적인 정보를 제공한다. 멀티미디어 매체를 통해 얻은 정보와 자료는 쓰기의 중요한 재료가 되며, 이는 쓰기 활동에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 또한 멀티미디어 매체는 수업 후에도 반복해서 듣고 쓸 수 있는 장점이 있으므로 학문 목적 학습자들의 쓰기 능력 향상에 도움이 된다. 학습자들은 쓰기에 대한 부담을 많이 느낀다. 그러나 멀티미디어 매체를 본 후 쓰기에서 는 내용 구성이 풍부해진 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 쓰기 후 설문조사를 통해 쓰기에 대한 부담감이 줄어든 것을 볼 수 있었다. 멀티미디어 매체를 활용한 쓰기 수업은 첫째, 학습자의 흥미를 유발하며 쓰기에 대한 부담감을 줄이는 데 도움이 된다. 둘째, 멀티미디어 매체를 활용한 쓰기 수업은 학습자들의 쓰기 능력 향상에 도움이 된다. 매체를 활용한 후 학습자들의 쓰기 자료를 분석한 결과, 주제에 대한 전문 용어의 사용이 증가하였고 내용이 명확하고 풍부해진 것을 알 수 있었다. 쓰기는 표현 영역이다. 학문 목적 학습자들이 주어진 주제에 대해 자신의 생각을 명확하게 글로 표현하기 위해서는 언어의 형태보다는 의미에 초점을 두는 수업이 진행되어야 하며, 장기적인 학습이 이루어지려면 학습자의 능동적인 학습 태도가 필요하다. 멀티미디어매체를 활용한 수업은 이와 같은 요구를 만족시키는 수업 도구가 될 것이며 앞으로의 더 많은 연구를 기대해 본다. The number of Korean learners for academic purposes is on a rise recently and for such learners writing (composition) lessons are of great importance. Unlike other aspects of language learning, writing skills cannot be acquired naturally through one’s daily life but can only be mastered through a purposely designed learning environment/model. Therefore, in order to reduce the burden for the learners and to incite their interest we need writing (composition) classes based on using audio-visual medium. This research was conducted targeting 24 intermediate level students learning a foreign language in D-University, Busan. The students were first asked to write their thoughts on a given topic. However, there were a lot of students who found it challenging to write due to the difficulties in using the correct vocabulary and grammar and constructing proper sentences. Moreover, there were students who were restricted by the lack of background knowledge on the topic. The students were then showed news and documentaries related to the topic and were asked to write their views again. The results from the two situations were then compared. A learning environment based on audio-visual medium not only builds interest and motivation among the students but also provides them with realistic information. The information and data obtained through audio-visual medium can become a useful reference material for the students and has a positive impact on the writing activity. Furthermore, since audio-visual medium can be listened to or used repeatedly even after class, it plays an important role in improving the writing skills of students learning Korean for academic purposes. Korean language learners usually feel burdened by writing. However, after playing the audio-visual material, we could see that their writing became richer in content and the survey conducted after the writing activity also reflected a decline in the burden felt by the students. From these results, we can conclude two things. Firstly, a writing class which utilizes audio-visual medium helps in arousing interest in the students and in reducing the burden felt by them. Secondly, a writing class based on using audio-visual materials helps in improving the writing skills of the learners. The analysis of the material written after the application of audio-visual medium showed an increase in the use of technical terms and more clarity and richness in content. Writing is a method to express oneself. In order to enable the students learning Korean for academic purposes to express their thoughts clearly through composition, instead of a class that focuses on the language form, we need a class that focuses on the meaning/significance. Also, for long-term learning, the students as well need to display an active learning attitude. Since a composition class based on audio-visual medium can act as a useful tool to satisfy such requirements, it would be useful to have more research on this topic in the future.

섬유강화형 포스트를 이용한 치관-치근 파절의 치료: 증례 보고

임화신,라지영,이광희,안소연,김윤희,금기석,이상봉 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture of tooth that contains enamel, dentin and cementum with or without pulp exposure. Generally the fracture lines place obliquely from labial surface, between incisal edge of the crown and marginal gingiva, to palatal surface subgingivally. If the fracture line is located supragingivally, the removal of tooth fragment and supragingival restoration can be performed. In subgingival fracture line, the surgical exposure, orthodontic eruption or surgical eruption can be considered. If the fracture line is too deep to restorate, extraction or decoronation can be selected. In children and adolescents, the extraction should be the last option. Another option to select before extraction is the restoration using fiber-reinforced post and the reattachment of tooth fragment. The fiber-rainforced post enhances the retention and the durability of tooth fragment. The reattachment of crown fragment using resin adhesive system is considered minimal invasive treatment biologically. This case reports the treatment of crown-root fracture using the reattachment of crown fragment and the insertion of fiber-reinforced post. 치관-치근 파절은 법랑질, 상아질, 백악질이 모두 포함된 치아의 파절로, 파절선이 대부분 절단연이나 순측의 변연부 치은 에서 구개측 치은열구 하방으로 사선으로 진행된다. 파절선의 위치가 치은 연상이라면 파절편의 제거 및 치은연상 수복을 시 행하고, 치은 연하라면 파절면의 외과적 노출술, 교정적 정출술, 외과적 정출술을 이용한 치아의 수복이 이루어진다. 그 외에 섬유 강화형 포스트를 삽입하여 치관 수복물의 유지력을 높이고, 레진 접착 시스템을 사용하여 치관 파절편을 재부착함으로 써 생물학적으로 최소한으로 침습적인 치료를 하는 방법도 있다. 만약 파절의 정도가 치은 연하로 깊은 경우 발치나 치관절제 술을 이용한 치근의 유지 등을 고려할 수 있다. 본 증례는 치관-치근파절로 내원한 12세 환아로 섬유강화형 포스트를 사용하여 치관 파절편 재부착을 시행하였으며 양호 한 경과를 보여 이를 보고하는 바이다.

항균활성이 높은 젖산균에 의한 냉면용 동치미액의 속성 제조

소명환,박상희,조신호 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 항균활성이 높은 김치 젖산균 Lac. homohiochii B21과 Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides C16을 스타터로 사용하여 관능적인 특성이 좋고, 냉면중의 유해세균에 대하여 높은 항균활성을 나타내는 냉면용 동치미액의 속성 제조방법을 설정하는 것이다. 상기의 두 젖산균을 스타터로 사용할 때에는 각각을 단독 사용하는 것보다 혼합 사용하는 것이 산생산과 항균활성에 더 좋았다. 동치미 담금시에 스타터를 접종하지 않았을 때에는 발효초기에 그램음성균과 대장균군의 수가 현저히 증가하였고 동치미액의 항균활성도 거의 없었다. 스타터를 접종했을 때에는 그램음성균과 대장균군의 수가 초기부터 급격히 감소하였고 항균활성도 매우 높았다. 동치미 재료를 가열살균하고 스타터를 접종했을 때에는 그램 음성균과 대장균군이 초기부터 검출되지 않았으며 항균활성도 높았다. 본 스타터로 20℃에서 동치미를 발효할 때 발효 2일에 항균활성이 가장 높았고 6일에는 항균활성이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 동치미액의 대장균군수, 항균활성 및 관능적인 특성을 고려할 때 재료를 80℃에서 15분간 열처리하고 상기의 두 젖산균을 혼합접종하여 20℃에서 2일간 발효함이 좋은 것으로 판단되었다. The purpose of this study is to establish a rapid preparation method of Dongchimi-juice having favorable flavor and high antibacterial activity against undesirable bacteria in Naengmyon-broth by using high antibacterial strains of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus homohiochii B21 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides C16, as Dongchimi starter. When the two strains of lactic acid bacteria were used as starter, mixed culture was better than single culture in acid production and antibacterial activity. When starter was not inoculated in Dongchimi fermentation, the numbers of Gram negatives and coliforms were remarkably increased in early phase, and antibacterial activity could scarcely be detected. But when starter was inoculated, the numbers of Gram negatives and coliforms were sharply decreased from early phase, and antibacterial activity was high. When Dongchimi was made with heat sterilized materials and starter, there were no Gram negatives and coliforms, and antibacterial activity was high. The antibacterial activity of starter inoculated Dongchimi was maximum in 2 days of fermentation at 20℃, and was scarcely detected in six days. In consideration of coliform counts, antibacterial activity and the flavor of Dongchimi, the preparation method in which all materials were heat treated at 80℃ for 15 minutes, and inoculated with mixed starter of the two strains, and fermented for 2 days at 20℃, was thought to be good.

웹기반 직업능력개발훈련 현황조사

강명희,신소영 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2001 교육과학연구 Vol.32 No.1

정보통신기술의 발달과 함께 직무 및 직종의 변화 주기가 짧아지면서 직업능력개발을 위한 훈련의 필요성이 점점 증대되고 있다.그러나, 교육훈련의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 강의실의 집합훈련은 시간적, 공간적 제한으로 인하여 현직에 종사하는 사람들에게 직업능력개발 훈련의 기회를 제공하는 데에 한계가 있다.인터넷의 발전과 함께 이를 이용한 교육훈련은 이러한 문제점을 해결해줄 수 있는 새로운 교육훈련방법으로 대학과 기업을 중심으로 현재 활발히 운영되고 있으며, 노동부에서는 웹기반 훈련이 근로자들의 직무능력향상을 위한 훈련에 적절함을 인식하고 '98년 시범사업을 시작으로 웹을 기반으로 직무능력향상훈련을 실시하는 기업에 대하여, 고용보험법에 의한 재정적 지원을 해 주고 있다.이에 본 연구에서는 웹을 기반으로 이루어지고 있는 직업능력개발훈련 현황 분석을 위해 노동부로부터 인터넷 통신훈련기관으로 지정된 21개 기관을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 훈련을 시작하려는 기업이나, 훈련을 하고 있는 기관에서 보다 효율적으로 웹 기반 훈련을 할 수 있는 기초자료를 제고하고자 한다. As we enter into the information and knowledge based society, the life cycle of our workers' knowledge and skill has been quite shortened.And the increasing needs for retraining or continuing education for our workers have been outspoken by various business sectors. Although our traditional training programs play their roles in part, their performance and expense level does not meet the expectations of the fast changing business needs.In order to meet the needs of current business sectors, web based training has been designed and developed to train the workers to upgrade their knowledge and skills.Web based training which has been renamed eLearning recently provides visions and hopes for solving various problems in short of skilled workforce by using whereever and whenever concepts., Recently Korean Ministry of Labor started the supporting program for the organizations which run the eLearning programs for retraining the workers.For this study, 21 organizations which have been supported by the Ministry of Korea were selected to do the survey on training area, rationale, management strategy and problems in conducting eLearning programs.The results show that business management is the training area most organizations run and the rationale for running eLearning programs is to reduce the loss time and money generated by the workers who participate face-to-face training away from their current job.These and other results could be used as guidelines for the organizations which may newly start the eLearning program in near future.

일 시설노인에게 나타난 주요 간호진단의 관련요인 분석

허혜경,박소미,김기연,신윤희,임은실 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors for major nursing diagnoses used in caring for institutionalized elders. Method: This study was a descriptive study. The participants were 92 residents in a long-term care facility in Wonju, selected by convenience sampling. The instrument was a checklist designed on the basis of the related factors suggested by NANDA (1997) and a literature review. Data was collected by chart review, observation, and interviews with the participants. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the SPSS WIN program. Result: The most frequent nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', 'self-esteem disturbance', 'activity intolerance', 'impaired physical mobility', and 'powerlessness'. The most frequent component for related factors for the five component for each nursing diagnosis was the physical component, followed by the social component. Common related factors for the nursing diagnoses were 'pain', 'change of emotional state/disorder', 'cognitive disorder', 'change of physical structure and function', and 'physical impairment', and 'immobility'. Conclusion: The results of this study can contribute to the development of appropriate nursing intervention programs for elders (eg. 'Injury Prevention Programs', 'Self-esteem Improvement Programs' etc.). Clinical guidelines that gerontological nurses can use to accurately assess health problems and select appropriate nursing interventions may be developed.

건강증진 교육프로그램이 여대생의 성, 음주, 흡연에 대한 지식, 태도, 효능감에 미치는 영향

허혜경,김기연,박소미,신윤희 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.2

A simulated control group pretest-posttest design was used to investigate the effects of a health promotion education program on knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in sexuality, drinking, and smoking among college women. The subjects included 17 women in the experimental group, and twenty in the control group. This program was carried out for a total of four sessions, two hours per session once a week. The results were as follows; 1) Knowledge on sexuality, drinking, and smoking increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group (U=66.50, p=.001 ; U=23.50, p=.000 ; U=29.50, p=.000). 2) For attitude, only the attitude to drinking showed a significant difference between the two groups (U=76.00, p=.004). 3) For self-efficacy, only self-efficacy on drinking showed a significant difference between the two groups (U=55.00, p=.000). In conclusion, the health promotion program fur college women increased their knowledge on sexuality, drinking, and smoking. This program affected their attitude and self-efficacy towards moderation in drinking. A even more appropriate education program on sexuality, drinking, and smoking fur college women could be developed using this program by addressing the limitations in this study and repeating the study with a more varied sample.

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.