최초 침전지를 대체하기 위한 고속생물막 침전지의 특성에 관한 연구

강용태,장성부,조용현 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

It is not easy to find reasonable area for construction of wastewater treatment facility. and biological treatment such as a conventional activated sludge process can't remove non-point source pollutant in initial rainfall, sufficiently. So if we use physical treatment and disinfection process, combined sewer overflows don't cause significant pollution. In this study, to reduce area of wastewater treatment facility, the rapid biofilm clarifier was configurated and its characteristics were analyzed according to the velocity of filtration and cycles of backwash. Specific characteristics of the rapid biofilm clarifier with 50 ㎥/d of volume were represented that Turbidity and SS removal rate was 30.2%, 30.9% respectively, and that of BOD and COD was 22.0%, 21.0% without regard to change of quality of raw water. By comparing the rapid biofilm clarifier and clarifier of conventional activated sludge process with having 50 ㎥/㎡·d, of surface-loading rate and 2.0 m of depth, we could know the rapid biofilm clarifier could reduce area of clarifier 11 times as much than that of conventional activated sludge process. Cycle of backwash was represented as 24, 18, and 24 hours when velocity of filtration was 222 ㎥/㎡·d, 333 ㎥/㎡·d, and 555 ㎥/㎡·d, and BOD. SS biologically removed in the rapid biofilm clarifier was 342.80, 346.82 g/d, 258.08, 222.72 g/d, and 143.36, 136.52 g/d respectively.

원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획

이상진,김기수,강영조,조승래,홍순연 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2006 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.2

문화재란 문화가치가 있는 사물로서 국가 가 종교적·세속적 근거에 따라 특별히 지정 한 재산이다. 문화재는 그것이 구현하는 정신적 가치와 시각적 음향적으로 표현하는 수단으로서 그 나라의 독특하고, 다양한 주체성을 보존하는 중요한 매체이기도 하다. 그러므로 문화재는 한나라의 민족역사와 문화로서 과거의 모습을 통해 현재 그리고 나아가 미래를 연결시키는 하나의 매개체인 것이다. 또한 문화재는 그 지역민에게 향토사적 인 자긍심 및 연대의식을 고취시키는 동시에 나아가 한 나라, 세계적인 관심사로 여겨 야 할 것이다. 원적산 봉수대는 양산군청 소재지에서 북쪽으로 약 9.2㎞, 통도사입구 마을인 신평에서 남쪽으로 8㎞지점에 있다. 이 봉수대는 경상남도 기념물 제 118호로써 원적산봉수대 보존회에 의해 복원된 문화재이다. 즉 다른 지역의 문화재와 달리 잊혀 져가는 문화재의 재생을 통해 다시 태어난 문화재인 것이다. 원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획의 목적 은 지역민의 자긍심으로 복원된 봉수대와 주 변과 접근로를 체계적으로 정비를 함으로써 접근성, 전통성, 보존성을 높이고자 한다. 특히, 문화재보호를 위한 제반 법규 및 현지여건에 부합하는 정비방향을 설정하고, 전문 인력과 관련문헌을 바탕으로 문화재 주변을 역사성과 주민친화성, 기능성, 관광성을 함께 갖춘 문화공간으로서의 미래지향적 문화재정비 계획을 추구하고자 한다.

초등교사의 과학과 환경 교육에 대한 수업실태 분석 및 인식도

조태호,서승조,백남권,김성규,박강은,박원석 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

The purpose of this study was to analyze the elementary school teachers' perception toward the environment-related subjects in science education and to investigate their instructional methods in delivering the subjects in the classroom. The participants of this study were 300 elementary school teachers sampled from elementary schools in Kyung Nam Province. The findings of this study were as follows; First, more than half of the teachers surveyed showed that the environment-related units and contents in the science textbook were insufficient to the existing issues. Second, the large portion of teachers responded that the teaching materials in the textbook were insufficient to deliver the contents. Third, the largest portion of respondents replied that their preferred instructional method was a teacher-directed instruction followed by a case study approach. Fourth, in terms of the effectiveness of environmental education, both male and female teachers showed negative responses. Furthermore, male teachers were more negative than female teachers. Fifth, total means of their preference of the environment-related units was 3.13. The unit for sixth graders titled 'Environmental Pollution and Protecting Nature' showed the highest preference, whereas the unit for fifth graders titled 'Structure and Functions of Plants' showed the lowest preference. Sixth, there was no statistically significance in gender and their working areas. Seventh, there was statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in terms of teaching experience. In detail, the teachers with 5 to 9 teaching experience showed the lowest scores, while the teacher with more than 15 years teaching experience showed the highest scores in their perception of the units. Eighth, there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their educational background. For example, two-year college graduates showed higher preference than four-year college graduates.

흰쥐 경동맥 손상 모형에서 체외 방사선조사에 의한 신내막 과증식억제 : Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1과 Vascular cell Adhesion Molecule-1의 역할 The Possible Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

강동헌,승기배,장기육,임상현,정해억,임효영,김연실,채장성,김재형,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.9

스포츠 동기 질문지의 타당화 : Ⅱ. 이론모델의 검증

강상조,한성수 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 스포츠 동기 질문지(SMS)의 이론구조모델을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 430명의 대학과 실업팀 선수들을 대상으로 스포츠 동기의 이론모델의 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 LISREL 8.12 프로그램을 이용하여 확인적 요인분석이 시행되었다. 원래의 25문항 질문지를 이용한 이론 모델의 모든 부합도 지수들은 수용 불가능한것으로 나타났다. 따라서 연구 1이 측정모델에서 확인된 14문항을 바탕으로 3개의 대안모델이 제시되었다; 기본모델, 완전모델, 전환모델. 분석결과 Butt의 이론모델(기본모델)이 다른 두 대안모델에 비하여 가장 좋은 지수를 보이며 모델로서 인정되었다. 그러나 모든 모델이 GFI, AGFI는 권장수준 이상이나 CFI, NNFI는 수용 가능한 범위를 보이며 다소 미흡한 지수를 보였다. 기타 제안모델의 추정계수들에 대한 통계적 정보를 제공해주는 세부적인 검증에 의한 t-value, 표준화 계수값, 측정오차에 의한 평가는 Butt가 제안한 이론 모델만을 지지해주는 것으로 나타났다. The present study was designed to test the validity as a structural model of SMS, Sport Motivations Scale that aggressive motivation and conflict are most likely to lead to competitive social motivation while competence is most likely to lead to cooperative social motivation. The models were tested by SMS data collected from 430 players of university and professional teams. The LISREL 8.12 computer program was employed to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis to access the tenability of theoretical model of sport motivations. A structural model by original 25-items SMS was showed unacceptable index, therefore, suggested three-alternative models(basic model, exchange model, and full model) by 14-items that verified on study I. The test result was that Butt's theoretical model(basic model) showed the most acceptable index more than other two-models. But basic model, exchange model and full model were turned out to be above the recommended guidelines on GFI, AGFI, while to be below on CFI, NNFI. In addition, others fit measures tests by t-value by goodness of fit. Standardized beta coefficients and measurement error was revaled that they supported only Butts's model.

SEM 측정법에 의한 초정밀 표면가공 특성연구

강순준,오상록,이갑조,김종관 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to look at the characteristics of surface finishing which is one of the form accuracies and to obtain the fundamental technical data from the process of machining with diamond tool through experiment and theoretical analysis. The experiments were conducted with domestic made ultra-precision machine and MCD·PCD tool, with aluminum alloyed material and brass being used for the work pieces. The goal of the size accuracy was set to 100nm. The most suitable tool nose radius and machining conditions were selected, and the variations of the surface roughness were observed using SEM method while machining the distance of up to 500km. These data were evaluated and they examined the variation of the machined surfaces while cutting up to 500km of machining distance. At the same time, the state for the wear of diamond tool nose was analyzed and carefully examined through the newest measuring device. Additionally, the characteristics of ultra-precision machining technology were studied through visual analysis.

교액성 폐쇄공탈장 1예

조태웅,민영돈,김경종,정권율,강성인,류소연,임성철 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.1

Obturator hernia is a rare pelvic hernia, occuring most frequently in elderly, extra-thin or debilitated women. Because of the anatomic character of the obturator foramen and the nonspecific symptoms in the presence of the hernia, the risk of strangulation of the herniated bowel is high, which leads to high morbidity and mortality rate. The authors experienced an unusual case of left obturator hernia with strangulation of the small bowel in an 80-year old female. The hernia was diagnosed by abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan. Through the lower midline transperitoneal approach, resecting the strangulated small bowel, the hernia sac was ligated and the obturator foramen was repaired using adjacent broad ligament. We report these findings with a brief review of the literature.

태권도 선수들의 상해에 관한 조사연구

강용선,조성초 군산대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to ivestigate the actual status and the causes of injuries of collegiate Taekwondo competitors. The questionnaire composed of 25 items was used as the research tool for this study. The respondents were 214 collegiate Taekwondo competitors(171 men and 43 women) who participated in the nationwide university Taekwondo championship tournaments early in 1999. Chi-square(X?) was used for the statistical procedures. An α=.05 probability level used for all tests of statistical significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) More than 97% of respondents had experiences of the injuries related to Taekwondo, and Male competitors had more injury experiences than female competitors. 2) The injuries happened more frequency during practice than during competitions. 3) Both men and women were injured most frequently by the foot attack techniques, especially Front Turning Kick. 4) For both men and women, the most frequent injured part of the body was the leg, the second arm, the third face, the forth trunk, and the last head. The most frequent injured part of the leg was the knee for both men and women, that of the upper extremities was fingers for both men and women, and that of feet was ankles for men and top sides for women. 5) The 71.3 % of men and the 66.7 % of women with injured experiences continued to prantise or compete under the imperfect recovery from injuries. The 28% of men and The 33.5 % of women responded that there was not any expert for medical service at that time of injuries.

중독한 추체로 증상을 보인 cyclosporine에 의한 뇌증 1예

강정현,곽승근,신현영,김성은,이정호,이정찬,곽상혁,윤환중,조덕연,김삼용,김제,송창준 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.1

The use of cyclosporine(CsA), a potent immunosuppressive agent, is associated with numerous side effects. Neurotoxicity was earlier less well known, but with growing experience central nervous system side effects are now reported up to 40% of patients. Among various CsA-induced neurotoxicities, tremor is most common and posterior leukoencephalopathy is well characterized. An encephalopathy presenting with pyramidal weakness, however, seems to be rare and poorly documented. We report here a case of encephalopathy presenting with multiple generalized seizures followed by fluctuating quadriparesis developed a few days after starting CsA and resolved spontaneously after withdrawal of the drug . A 48-year-old woman with aplastic anemia was placed upon immmunosuppressive treatment consisting of antithymocyte globulin(ATG), CsA, and methylprednisolone. Two days after starting the therapy, she developed a generalized seizure. The next day she developed 2 more episodes of seizure and the therapy was stopped. Computed tomogram of the brain was normal. Six days after starting therapy, she developed mild motor weakness and paresthesia of both lower extremities, which progressed to a definite quariparesis confining her to a bed in 3 days. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the brain revealed asymmetric, bilateral high-signal abnormalites in the subcortical white matter of fronto-temporal areas. After reaching to a maximum with some fluactuation(14 days after starting the therapy) the motor weakness started to be resolved. She was discharged with a almost complete resolution of the weakness 45 days after starting the therapy. Five months later she did well and brain MRI was negative.

舞踊實技考査의 客觀度

姜相兆,申範澈,李美英 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1997 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.1

The present study was to investigate the strategy for improving the objectivity of the college entrance dance performance test by determining the inter-rater reliability of dance performance judging under the raters different major. Five judges from three different dance types(three for Korean dance, one for Modern dance, and one for Ballet) were asked to rate each examinees performance using a Dance performance Checklist which consists of five components developed by the measurement specialists of Korean National University of Physical Education.. The Cronbach's alpha was calculated to verify the objectivity of the dance performance test by using RELIABILITY, subprogram of SPSS. The results showed that the objectivity coefficients from 5 raters were lower than .90, however, the coefficient for the 97 college entrance examination were improved than that of the 96. It was found that raters in general were judged consistently examinees dance performance, regardless of their major. The results suggest that the number of raters should be at least increased to 6 for ballet, 7 for korean dance, and 8 for modern dance judging to improve the objectivity coefficients up to .90.