김교신의 무교회운동 재고: 그 목표와 한계

김용복(박사) ( Yong Bok Kim ) 한국복음주의신학회 2010 성경과신학 Vol.54 No.-

이 연구는 김교신의 무교회운동을 재평가하는 데 목적이 있다. 김교신에게 성서연구는 어떤 의미가 있었는가? 그는 그 연구결과를 자신의 삶에서 어떻게 실천했는가? 이 연구는 이런 질문들에 대한 답을 추구하는 과정에서 김교신의 무교회운동이 지향한 목표와 그 한계점을 살펴보았다.김교신의 무교회운동은 두 가지 목표를 가지고 있었다. 하나는 이 땅에 참된 성서적 기독교를 세우는 일이고, 다른 하나는 신앙적 인간을 양성하여 민족의 운명을 개척하는 것이었다. 김교신이 추구했던 “참된 기독교”는 다른말로 “전적 기독교” 혹은 “조선산(朝鮮産) 기독교”를 구현하는 일이었다. 일반적으로 이 운동의 특징은 세 가지로 평가되어왔다. 첫째, 그것은 반교권운동이었다. 그는 제도화된 교회들의 전통주의와 신조주의를 거부했다. 둘째, 이 운동은 조선산 기독교를 추구했던 반선교사운동이었다. 셋째, 이 운동은 서당식 성서연구와 [성서조선]의 발간을 통한 민중운동이었다. 김교신은 자신의 민족을 사랑했으며, 참된 기독교를 구현하려고 노력했던 헌신적인 그리스도인이었다. 조선산 기독교라 불렸던 그의 신앙운동은 한국교회의 대안운동으로 평가될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 실천적인 측면에서 볼때, 몇 가지 문제들도 있다: 첫째, 무교회운동은 성서를 선택적으로 받아들였다. 둘째, 무교회운동의 방법은 김교신 자신의 개인적 경험과 성서해석에 크게 의존되어 있었다. 셋째, 김교신의 성서연구는 민중보다 지성인들에게 적합한 것이었다. 넷째, 운동의 지성적 측면을 너무 강조했기 때문에, 김교신은 일제시대에 민중의 실제적인 문제들에 참여하는 일에 소극적인 경향이 있었다. The purpose of this study is to reappraise the non-church[無敎會] movement of Kim Kyo-Shin. What did it mean to study the Bible for Kim? And how did he practice the result of the study in his life? In pursuit of the answers of these questions, the goals of the non-church movement and its limitations will be investigated. Kim’s non-church movement had two goals. The first one was to establish the true biblical Christianity in Chosun, and the other was to pioneer the national destiny by educating the faithful Christian believers. The true Christianity for Kim Kyo-Shin was to realize “total[全的] Christianity” or “Chosunsan(朝鮮産) Christianity” and he pursued these goals by criticizing formalistic and authoritarian Chosun Christianity of his days. In general, the characteristics of this movement have been evaluated from three aspects. First, it was against the existing church’s authoritarianism. He rejected traditionism and creedalism in the institutionalized churches. Second, it was an anti-missionary movement, which sought to establish the Chosunsan Christianity. Third, it was the people’s movement through his “Seodang(書堂) Bible Study” and publication of [Sungseo Chosun] (聖書朝鮮) Kim Kyo-Shin was a devout Christian who deeply loved his country, and tried to establish Chosunsan Christianity. One can easily credit his faith-movement called Chosunsan Christianity as the alternative Christianity in Korea. However, there are some problems in practice: First, the movement was to read the bible in a selective way. Second, the method of the faith-movement depended largely on Kim’s personal experience and biblical interpretation. Third, his Bible study was not oriented for common people but for the intellectual. Fourth, he focused too much on the intellectual aspect of the movement, and thereupon tended to be passive in participating in physical matters of the people during the Japanese regime.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

초음파를 이용한 액체내의 공기방울 포획현상에 관한 연구

김용석,이희복,김용복 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

본 연구에서는 초음파에 의해 액체 내에서 공기방울을 포획하는 연구를 수행하였다. 초음파 진동자를 최소의 전력으로 구동하여 안정된 공기방울을 포획하기 위해서는 임피던스 매칭이 필요했다. 초음파진동자의 임피던스는 매우 크므로 임피던스 매칭을 위해 고주파 변압기와 인덕터를 제작하였다. 안정된 공기방울은 증류수를 100℃에서 10분간 끓여서 하루동안 서서히 냉각시켜 물속의 산소용존량이 0.3∼0.5㎎/ℓ일 때 포획되었다. 본 장치의 초음파 공진 주파수는 약 26㎑이었다. In this study the bubble captures phenomena by using supersonic transducers were investigated. The operating minimum power for supersonic transducers requires impedance matching for optimal capture of a stabilized bubble. Because the impedance supersonic transducers of was high, we made high frequency transformers and inductor for impedance matching. The stabilized bubble was captured in the distilled water which boiled at 100℃ for 10 minute and then cooled down for a day until the dissolution of oxygen reached at 0.3∼0.5㎎/ℓ In this experiment the frequency of the acoustic resonance appeared at about 26 ㎑.

생체분해성 고분자를 이용한 사시수술용 제형개발 및 효용성에 대한 연구

민병무,김용백,김승영,김창식,박근성,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A new device, muscle clamping system was developed to facilitate exact quatifying technique A strabismus surgery, and reduce the risk of complications. The device is composed of a lower fixing body with three jaws and an upper supporting body. They are used to clip an extraocular muscle and fix it to the sclera with a single bite. Superior rectus recession on 16 rabbit eyes were performed with this new device. Conjunctival injection, muscle adhesion strength, and light microscopic findings were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The Conjunctival injection were minimal, adhesion power ranged from 420 to 600 gram gravity, which is sufficient in withstand the normal pull of human extraocular muscle. In microscopic exam, some Inflammatory cells and fibrosis were found. The new device was technically easy, fast, and accurate, so it may be useful in stabismus surgery.

과학 탐구학습에서 인터넷의 활용 방안

김준태,이희복,김용복 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1998 과학교육연구 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구에서는 인터넷을 통해 과학 개념을 학습하라 수 있는 방안을 연구하는 데 목적이 있다. 과학탐구학습에서 인터넷은 학습자에게 탐구학습자료를 제시하고 탐구 방법을 안내해 탐구학습을 촉진하는 역할을 한다. 인터넷을 활용한 과학 탐구학습 방법으로는 개별탐구, 과제분담형 탐구, 과제분담형 탐구 수행후 협동학습을 통해 탐구과정의 전부 또는 일부를 수행한다. 탐구학습용 인터넷 자료는 HTML과 정지화상으로 작성된 기본자료와 CGI와 자바로 작성된 상호작용형 자료, AVI, MPEC 형식의 비디오 자료, GIF형식 등으로 작성된 애니메이션 자료 등으로 구성된다. 인터넷을 통해 채팅, 포럼, 가상실험을 함으로써 탐구를 수행할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to find the internet inquiry learning model. The role of internet in inquiry learning is to facilitate students' learning by serving of learning materials and guiding of inquiry process. The patterns of internet inquiry learning are individual, jigsaw style and cooperating after jigsaw. Students can carry out the whole or partial internet inquiry learning process. The inquiry learning materials are composed of text HTML and still image, interaction data programmed by CGI and JAVA, video data prepared by AVI and MPEC format and animation data prepared by GIF format. The internet inquiry learning can be carried out by chatting, forum, virtual experiment with inquiry materials.

플랜트輸出 促進方案

金舜坤,金炳台,金容福,申甲 건국대학교 1979 學術誌 Vol.23 No.1

The plant export is as not the export of machinery but machine system bearing technique and know-how. The plant export means export of equipments and techniques in need of materialization of the importers project and maintaining and enlarging the importer's business. Therefore, the plant export is the comprehensive export industry to be composed of the compound factor's, that proves very significant to both sides of importer and exporter from a view point of production method having productive function which is not the raw materials and the ultimate consumer's goods. Therefore, while the plant export has a big value added and an high productive effect, the plant export neccessitate not only the skill of a high order and accumulated experiences but also a large sun of funds. In view of the fact that the plant export have the distinquishing feature above mentioned, the six developed countries which are the united state of America, west Germany, France, Italy, Japan have occupied 70-80% of the world's plant export. Compared with it, Korea's actual records of the plant export are still in significant, in particular, the plant export's ability in fields of engineering and machinary is still in a really early stage. But the Korea's plant export contract amount had been rapidly increased to $877 millions at the end of June,1978 since exporting the textile plant of 1 million to Parkistan in 1973. Though the Korea's plant export is still under insignificant stage, the plant export might be a business with a blight future. This article, firstly, is to inquire into the meanings of plant export, a technical subject, a world's trend and plant expert strategy and supporting policy in the main Developed Countries. Secondly this article has searched the device for improvement of expert through the study of problems which Korean policies of plant export have confronted. A conclusion, writer intended to present the followings for the perspectives of export policy. Firstly, In order to enlarge the productive foundation of plants and to establish the harmonious supply system it needs to aceelate the heavy chemical industrization of domestic industries, and to promote and to specialize the main items of plant industries. Secondly, in order to improve the technology, which is lower than that of the advanced countries, it is necessary to be active in the introctuction of technology and the promotion of manufacturing level of technicians. Thirdly, plant industries being large scope in unit dealings and it's period being lengthy, it needs to enlarge the plant industries, and to specialize and to enlarge the engineering and other soft ware part. Fourthly, it needs the positive export activities through the consolidation and enlargement of supporting system as monetary, tax system and insurance. Finally, it needy the active support of the governmental level as embassies and legations for the strenghening of acceptance competition and the acceptance of large scale projects from foreign states.

信用狀의 讓渡에 관한 小考

金容福 건국대학교 1978 學術誌 Vol.22 No.1

The transfer of the credit is available when beneficiary, in a position of a middleman, purchases goods from domestic supplier. The beneficiary guarantees the third parties the payment of proceeds by extending to them the right of claim in accordance with the credits opened by buyers. The first beneficiary can attain his share later on, by means of the substitution of invoice, by making the transfer of the credit minus his share. As explained above, the transfer of the credit is a specific way of transaction. At the same time, it is aimed at the streamlining of the transaction in which buyers open the credit designated as "transferable" for buying agent, thus making the agent select eligible exporters and transfer the credit to them. The credit can not be transferred in principle. In such cases mentioned above or for the streamlining of trade finance, however, the credit can be transferred on the terms and conditions under which the applicant has the right to do so. But the right given to the thirst beneficiary is the one to make an order of the transfer, not the one of the transfer itself. Accordingly, the beneficiary holds the initiative of the transfer, but the transfer to be made through the endorsement is invalid. This differs from the case of cession of an obligation. The beneficiary can exercise the right to make an older of the transfer. At the request of the beneficiary, banks can make the transfer of the credit. This paper largely deals with such problems as (1) the form and character of the transferable credit, (2) the obligation in the transfer, (3) the terms and conditions on the transfer of the credit, and (4) the transfer of the proceeds of the credit. In discussing such problems, emphasis is placed on the practice of the transfer of the credit and the uniform customs and practice for documentary credits.

現象學的 生活世界에로의 比較的 接近

金容福 光云大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

This study begins with an understanding of the theory of meaning, the criticism to the objectivity of scientific knowledge and the explication of structure of knowledge. These understanding and criticism were developed in the problem of the phenomenological life-world. Above all, this treatise was written in the expectation that the examination of the objectivity of scientific knowledge and the prestructure of knowledge would make a contribution to approach the phenomonological life-world in the point of view of empiricism, sociology of knowledge and critical theory (Kritische Theorie). Consequently, this comparative approach to the phenomenological life-world is available for the emancipation from the limitation and determinism of the so-called scientism. Exploring of life-world as a priori prestructure through the examination of the character of knowledge, we believe that the theoretical world is only understood in its context or its meta-empirical world, mamely, the life-world as a priori prestructure. This study's proceeding is as follows: Ⅰ. Prelude: the problem of the theory of meaning Ⅱ. The criticism of pragmatic empiricism 1. The criticism of pragmatic empiricism 2. The criticism of sociology of knowledge 3. The criticism of phenomenology Ⅲ. The prestructure of scientific knowledge 1. The life-world and the science-world 2. The relation between the theory and the value Ⅳ. Conclusion: the life-world as a priori prestructure

나노사이즈-산화물 분산강화 Fe-17% Cr 페라이트계 합금의 고온인장 성질에 미치는 미세조직의 영향

김익수,Watanabe, Y.,이용복,장진성,김창룡,Miyahara, K. 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.2

In the past few years, oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) alloys produced by mechanical alloying(MA) techniques have become increasingly interesting for structure applications in nuclear fission and fusion power plant. The mechanical properties of ferritic 17% Cr ODS alloys with and without the addition of Ti and Mp and 17% Cr ODS were investigated and comparison with those MA-956 alloys in the temperature range of 973K to 1573K. Nano-sized oxide dispersoids in the 17Cr-3Mo-1Ti-0.25Y_(2)O_3) alloys suppressed the grain growth during annealing at high temperature and resulted in a remarkable improvement of the high temperature strength. The oxides containing Ti was the finest and showed the most uniform dispersion.

CAI시스템의 物理學習 適用에 關한 硏究

金容福,朴上浩 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1984 과학교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

This study is to find out the methods in which computers are applied to the instruction of Physics. In other to give instruction in the period when knowledge increases tremendously, it should be changed into the Computer Assisted Instruction system. CAI can be used for individual or group instruction, although the former is presently given more public attention. In computer-aided individual instruction, Computer mediation allows individual pacing of instruction In computer aided group instruction, large groups are taught by a lecturer who is able, by means of a computer hook up, to monitor student responses to questions in his presentation, This monitoring alerts the lecturer to vary his approach or cues him to use one of a variety of available audio-visual tools. The SPC-1000 and the APPLE-II computers are used and programs are made out within the capability of the personal computer. In is obvious that difficult problems with the computer should be solved if instructions are to be given by computer in the future.