http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)
김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1
In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.
First Year Observations of Air Quality from Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)
Jhoon Kim,Dongwon Lee 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Hourly observations of air quality (AQ) over Asia have been available by the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) for the first time from a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) since its launch in February 2020. After 8-month in orbit tests, the first light images were released in November, 2020. GEMS has observed diurnal variations of column amounts of atmospheric pollutants (O₃, NO₂, SO₂, HCHO, CHOCHO, and aerosols) with the UV-Vis spectrometer at 0.6 nm spectral resolution and sophisticated retrieval algorithms. Details of the first year of GEMS mission are presented, including calibrations, results, validations, and case studies including volcanic eruption, dusts, and urban pollution. The Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI), Geostationary Ocean Color Imager 2 (GOCI-2), and GEMS can now provide synergistic science products to better understand air quality, the long-range transport of air pollutants, emission source distributions, and chemical processes. Faster sampling rates at higher spatial resolution increase the probability of finding cloud-free pixels, leading to more observations of aerosols and trace gases than LEO. GEMS will be joined by NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) and ESA’s Sentinel-4 to form a GEO AQ satellite constellation in 2022 and 2023, respectively, as recognized by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS).
Kim, Jiyoung,Kim, Jhoon,Cho, Hi-Ku,Herman, Jay,Park, Sang Seo,Lim, Hyun Kwang,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Miyagawa, Koji,Lee, Yun Gon Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric measurement techniques Vol.10 No.10
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Daily total column ozone (TCO) measured using the Pandora spectrophotometer (no. 19) was compared with data from the Dobson (no. 124) and Brewer (no. 148) spectrophotometers, as well as from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) (with two different algorithms, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) TOMS and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) methods), over the 2-year period between March 2012 and March 2014 at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. Based on the linear-regression method, the TCO from Pandora is closely correlated with those from other instruments with regression coefficients (slopes) of 0.95 (Dobson), 1.00 (Brewer), 0.98 (OMI-TOMS), and 0.97 (OMI-DOAS), and determination coefficients (R2) of 0.95 (Dobson), 0.97 (Brewer), 0.96 (OMI-TOMS), and 0.95 (OMI-DOAS). The daily averaged TCO from Pandora has within 3<span class='thinspace'></span>% differences compared to TCO values from other instruments. For the Dobson measurements in particular, the difference caused by the inconsistency in observation times when compared with the Pandora measurements was up to 12.5<span class='thinspace'></span>% because of diurnal variations in the TCO values. However, the comparison with Brewer after matching the observation time shows agreement with large <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and small biases. The TCO ratio between Brewer and Pandora shows the 0.98<span class='thinspace'></span>±<span class='thinspace'></span>0.03, and the distributions for relative differences between two instruments are 89.2 and 57.1<span class='thinspace'></span>% of the total data within the error ranges of 3 and 5<span class='thinspace'></span>%, respectively. The TCO ratio between Brewer and Pandora also is partially dependent on solar zenith angle. The error dependence by the observation geometry is essential to the further analysis focusing on the sensitivity of aerosol and the stray-light effect in the instruments.</p> </P>
Impact of high-resolution a priori profiles on satellite-based formaldehyde retrievals
Kim, Si-Wan,Natraj, Vijay,Lee, Seoyoung,Kwon, Hyeong-Ahn,Park, Rokjin,de Gouw, Joost,Frost, Gregory,Kim, Jhoon,Stutz, Jochen,Trainer, Michael,Tsai, Catalina,Warneke, Carsten Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.10
<P>Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is either directly emitted from sources or produced during the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere. It is possible to infer atmospheric HCHO concentrations using space-based observations, which may be useful for studying emissions and tropospheric chemistry at urban to global scales depending on the quality of the retrievals. In the near future, an unprecedented volume of satellite-based HCHO measurement data will be available from both geostationary and polar-orbiting platforms. Therefore, it is essential to develop retrieval methods appropriate for the next-generation satellites that measure at higher spatial and temporal resolution than the current ones. In this study, we examine the importance of fine spatial and temporal resolution a priori profile information on the retrieval by conducting approximately 45 000 radiative transfer (RT) model calculations in the Los Angeles Basin (LA Basin) megacity. Our analyses suggest that an air mass factor (AMF, a factor converting observed slant columns to vertical columns) based on fine spatial and temporal resolution a priori profiles can better capture the spatial distributions of the enhanced HCHO plumes in an urban area than the nearly constant AMFs used for current operational products by increasing the columns by ∼ 50 % in the domain average and up to 100 % at a finer scale. For this urban area, the AMF values are inversely proportional to the magnitude of the HCHO mixing ratios in the boundary layer. Using our optimized model HCHO results in the Los Angeles Basin that mimic the HCHO retrievals from future geostationary satellites, we illustrate the effectiveness of HCHO data from geostationary measurements for understanding and predicting tropospheric ozone and its precursors. </P>