A sub-1-volt nanoelectromechanical switching device.

Lee, Jeong Oen,Song, Yong-Ha,Kim, Min-Wu,Kang, Min-Ho,Oh, Jae-Sub,Yang, Hyun-Ho,Yoon, Jun-Bo Nature Pub. Group 2013 Nature nanotechnology Vol.8 No.1

<P>Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches have received widespread attention as promising candidates in the drive to surmount the physical limitations currently faced by complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The NEM switch has demonstrated superior characteristics including quasi-zero leakage behaviour, excellent density capability and operation in harsh environments. However, an unacceptably high operating voltage (4-20 V) has posed a major obstacle in the practical use of the NEM switch in low-power integrated circuits. To utilize the NEM switch widely as a core device component in ultralow power applications, the operation voltage needs to be reduced to 1 V or below. However, sub-1 V actuation has not yet been demonstrated because of fabrication difficulties and irreversible switching failure caused by surface adhesion. Here, we report the sub-1 V operation of a NEM switch through the introduction of a novel pipe clip device structure and an effective air gap fabrication technique. This achievement is primarily attributed to the incorporation of a 4-nm-thick air gap, which is the smallest reported so far for a NEM switch generated using a 'top-down' approach. Our structure and process can potentially be utilized in various nanogap-related applications, including NEM switch-based ultralow-power integrated circuits, NEM resonators, nanogap electrodes for scientific research and sensors.</P>

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

고 무기질 음료(π-water) 섭취시 럭비선수들의 근력, 근 지구력 및 유산소성 운동능력에 미치는 영향

손두옥,선우섭,윤우상,유재충,박영진,오종환 경희대학교 사회체육연구소 1996 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.9

Most of elite sports player during the sports competing and trainning have used the mineral supplements to enhance on the human performance and, also a number of researcher have recommended the mineral supplements of RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowance) for them. However, It has not exactly known to the scientific interpretation and evidences of relationship between human performance and mineral. Thence, The purpose of this study was to prove whether the mineral supplements of high RDA could enhance the sport player's performance or not The subjects of this study were composed of sixteen Rugby football players(experimental group=8, high density multimineral water intake for 30days; control group=8, placebo intake)in K-H University. Both of groups were tested three times(pre=before intake, mid=after 15days supplements, post=after 30days supplments) about maximum anaerobic power(MAnp) and maximum oxygen uptake by bicycle ergometer(868), muscle strength and muscle endurance by isokinetic Cybex system(350). The statistical analysis employed this study was t-test by statistic 512+ program in machintosh computer. The result of this study were appeared that the difference in control and experimental group signified that the experimental group was high more than the control group in left knee extensor's peak torque at mid-test(P<.05), in left knee extensor's total work(%BW) at mid-test(P<.05), in left extensor's average power and average power(%BW) at mid-test(P<.05). Relative maximal oxygen uptake(㎖/LBMkg/min) in experimental group was higher than control group after 30 days the mineral supplements. These results suggest that the high density multimineral water intake should influence partially rugby football player's performance by the increment of muscle endurance and maximal oxygen uptake.

實驗大學 實施에 따른 師範大學 學生實態

李相魯,林在圭,吳岱燮,閔庚德 慶北大學校 師範大學 1977 敎育硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

The purposes of this study were (1) to analyze students' reasons, for applying to the Teachers College, department and major; (2) to assess the degree of satisfaction on being assigned to their particular department; (3) to investigate their attitudes toward the new way of assigning students in terms of two broadly classified majors i.e., studies of humanistic and social sciences and studies of natural sciences; (4) to estimate the degree of fulfillment of student desire and degree of utility of physical facilities; and (5) to identify reasons of success or failure of the students in the respective departments they were assigned to. The subjects were 2 groups of Teachers College students, one group which entered the university in 1976 and the other in 1977. In order to collect data pertaining to students' opinions or attitudes, questioniares were used; the score on college entrance exam and grade point average were obtained from individual student reports. The data were statistically analyzed by means of either Z or chi-test. The major findings were as follows: 1. Approximately 41 percent of the freshmen of the Teachers College reported that they decided to enter the Teachers College in order to be teachers. 2. Approximately 70 percent of the Teachers College students decided their particular major by themselves rather than by suggestions or advices. 3. The degree of satisfaction on having entered the Teachers College was relatively high, since the average scale point was .472. 4. The fresh students showed a significant decrease in their positive attitude toward the new way of assigning the students to the department or majors. The average scale point of the students in 1975 was .276; that of in 1976 was .489; that of the students in 1977 was .077. When the changes in attitude toward the new way of assigning students to departments or majors were estimated, it was observed that the degree of those in favor was .489 at the beginning of the first semester, and-.677 at the end of the second semester. However, the degree of satisfaction reported by students after they were assigned to a specific department or major was .732. Therefore, the negative attitude toward the new way of assigning could be interpreted as a reflection of students' anxiety status of rather than an attitude against the new way of assigning the students.

최적설계 기법을 적용한 1톤 운반차용 P.T.O축 및 트랜스미션 개발에 관한 기초연구

김재열,심재기,최승현,정효희,김훈조,오현중,박경섭 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Now, power tillers and cultivators which are spread among fruit tree households have usage, low application, and high accident risk. Therefore, the development of multi-purpose work vehicles is needed as an alternative for these problems. Especially, easy usage and the ability to easily change gears when driving and the development of the P.T.O for various tasks such as pruning, water lifting, pest control, application and, mowing are needed. In this research, we will develop a transmission with design on P.T.Oaxle for agricultural work vehicles including multi-purpose vehicles. We aim to develop a 4-wheel drive transmission of synchronous contact type for practical use in fruit tree households which is required to be a large-sized agricultural vehicle. Therefore, we have per performed as follows that are composed of load capacity from 500kg to 1,000kg, safety securing for passengers, and drive securing under bad conditions of the topography slope and swampy land and the rest. For this purpose, we have developed a prototype vehicle through strength analysis of transmission design. we have selected optimal design conditions (Optimal RPM and torque according to some works) on the power transmission with multi-purpose vehicle for various jobs: spraying, manure spreading, mowing, brush wood chopping. If development of the P.T.O containing variable RPM and torque is successful, the following tasks can be possible. Air pruning, air maintenance, water lift, pest control, application, mowing, spraying, and brush wood chopping are possible with this developed P.T.O. Methods and contents for research are followed. Therefore, we have achieved performance-tests through the prototype of the multi-purpose work vehicle and have improved on troubles by the analysis of results of R&D. Also, we provided solutions to problems in mass production in the future.

Hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid over Ce<SUB>(1-x)</SUB>Zr<SUB>(x)</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> solid solution

Jae-Oh Shim,Dae-Woon Jeong,Won-Jun Jang,Kyung-Won Jeon,Won-Bi Han,Hyun-Suk Na,Hak-Min Kim,Hyun-Seog Roh,Jeong-Geol Na,You-Kwan Oh,Chang Hyun Ko,Sang Sub Han 한국신재생에너지학회 2013 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.05

Structure-tunable synthesis of titanate nanotube thin films via a simple hydrothermal process

Guo, Yupeng,Lee, Nam-Hee,Oh, Hyo-Jin,Yoon, Cho-Rong,Park, Kyeong-Soon,Lee, Hee-Gyoun,Lee, Kyung-Sub,Kim, Sun-Jae IOP Pub 2007 Nanotechnology Vol.18 No.29

<P>In this study, titanium metal acts as the titanium source to prepare oriented titanate nanotube thin film. The effects of preparation parameters, such as reaction temperature, duration and post-treatment conditions, on the film morphology and stability have been examined. A general formation mechanism for oriented titanate nanotube thin film is proposed on the basis of detailed observations of the products using two-dimensional surface SEM studies and TEM images. The overall formation of titanate nanotubes can be summarized as a sequence of four steps: (a)?titanium dissolution and alkali titanate hydrogel formation; (b)?alkali titanate hydrogel dissolution, increased TiO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP>, TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(OH)<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP> or Ti<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>O<SUB>2<I>n</I>+<I>m</I></SUB><SUP>2<I>m</I>−</SUP> concentration and layered Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> formation; (c)?layered Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> growth; (d)?nanotube formation via Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> splitting and the multilayer scrolling process. The Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> lamellar structures split between the (010) planes into nanosheets. </P>

Prediction of distant metastasis and survival in adenoid cystic carcinoma using quantitative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT measurements

Lim, Won Sub,Oh, Jungsu S.,Roh, Jong-Lyel,Kim, Jae Seung,Kim, Soo-Jong,Choi, Seung-Ho,Nam, Soon Yuhl,Kim, Sang Yoon Elsevier 2018 Oral oncology Vol.77 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) in the salivary gland shows a high rate of distant metastasis, which is related to the resulting poor prognosis. We therefore examined the role of pretreatment <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of distant metastasis, recurrence/progression, and survival in AdCC.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This study included 52 patients who underwent pretreatment <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT scanning and subsequent treatments for AdCC. Maximum, mean, and peak standardized uptake value (SUV<SUB>max</SUB>, SUV<SUB>mean</SUB>, and SUV<SUB>peak</SUB>), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured on <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify associations between the quantitative measurements of <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET, and progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Distant metastases were found in 20 (39%) patients: 6 (12%) at initial diagnosis and 14 (27%) during the median follow-up of 72 months after treatment. Univariate analyses showed that all the <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET parameters of SUV<SUB>max</SUB>, SUV<SUB>mean</SUB>, SUV<SUB>peak</SUB>, MTV, and TLG were significantly associated with overall PFS, DMFS, and OS (all <I>P</I> < .05). After controlling for clinicopathological variables, SUV<SUB>max</SUB> remained an independent factor predictive of PFS (<I>P</I> = .001), while MTV and TLG were independent predictors of DMFS (<I>P</I> = .009) and DSS (<I>P</I> = .017). Patients with MTV > 14.8 mL showed a 5.9-fold higher risk of distant metastasis and a 4.2-fold higher risk of disease-specific death than those with a lower MTV.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Quantitative measurements using <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT are useful for predicting tumor progression, distant metastasis, and survival in patients with AdCC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> SUV<SUB>max</SUB>, SUV<SUB>mean</SUB>, SUV<SUB>peak</SUB>, MTV, and TLG were measured on pretreatment <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT of 52 adenoid cystic carcinoma patients. </LI> <LI> SUV<SUB>max</SUB> (>3.2) was an independent factor predictive of progression-free survival (<I>P</I> = .001). </LI> <LI> MTV and TLG were independent predictors of distant metastasis-free and disease-specific survival (<I>P</I> < .05) </LI> <LI> MTV > 14.8 mL or TLG > 45.5 g was associated with a >4-fold increased risk of distant metastasis and mortality. </LI> </UL> </P>

SONOS-Type Flash Memory with HfO₂ Thinner than 4nm as Trapping Layer Using Atomic Layer Deposition

OH, Jae Sub,CHOI, Kwang Il,KIM, Young Su,KANG, Min Ho,SONG, Myeong Ho,LIM, Sung Kyu,YOO, Dong Eun,PARK, Jeong Gyu,LEE, Hi Deok,LEE, Ga Won The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2010 IEICE transactions on electronics Vol.93 No.5

<P>A HfO<SUB>2</SUB> as the charge-storage layer with the physical thickness thinner than 4nm in silicon-oxide-high-<I>k</I> oxide-oxide-silicon (SOHOS) flash memory was investigated. Compared to the conventional silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) flash memory, the SOHOS shows the slow operational speed and exhibits the poorer retention characteristics. These are attributed to the thin physical thickness below 4nm and the crystallization of the HfO<SUB>2</SUB> to contribute the lateral migration of the trapped charge in the trapping layer during high temperature annealing process.</P>

Energy-Band-Engineered Unified-RAM (URAM) Cell on Buried <tex> $\hbox{Si}_{1 - y}\hbox{C}_{y}$</tex> Substrate for Multifunctioning Flash Memory and 1T-DRAM

Jin-Woo Han,Seong-Wan Ryu,Chung-Jin Kim,Sung-Jin Choi,Sungho Kim,Jae-Hyuk Ahn,Dong-Hyun Kim,Kyu Jin Choi,Byung Jin Cho,Jin-Soo Kim,Kwang Hee Kim,Gi-Sung Lee,Jae-Sub Oh,Myeong-Ho Song,Yun Chang Park,Je IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.56 No.4

<P>A band-offset-based unified-RAM (URAM) cell fabricated on a Si/Si<SUB>1-y</SUB>C<SUB>y</SUB> substrate is presented for the fusion of a nonvolatile memory (NVM) and a capacitorless 1T-DRAM. An oxide/nitride/oxide (O/N/O) gate dielectric and a floating-body are combined in a FinFET structure to perform URAM operation in a single transistor. The O/N/O layer is utilized as a charge trap layer for NVM, and the floating-body is used as an excess hole storage node for capacitorless 1T-DRAM. The introduction of a pseudomorphic SiC-based heteroepitaxial layer into the Si substrate provides band offset in a valence band. The FinFET fabricated on the energy-band-engineered Si<SUB>1-y</SUB>C<SUB>y</SUB> substrate allows hole accumulation in the channel for 1T-DRAM. The band-engineered URAM yields a cost-effective process that is compatible with a conventional body-tied FinFET SONOS. The fabricated URAM shows highly reliable NVM and high-speed 1T-DRAM operations in a single memory cell.</P>