어린이의 사시교정술시 인공호흡수와 심박수와의 상관관계

강종만,김종성,김희수,염명걸 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Correlation between Respiratory Rates and the Degree of Bradycardia in Strabismus Surgery in Children Jong-Man Kang, M.D., Hee-Soo Kim, M.D., Chong0Sung Kim, M.D. and Myung-Kul Yum, M.D.^* Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, and ^*Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Background: Strabismus surgery is frequent in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. Traction on the extra-ocular muscles can trigger an oculocardiac rdflex. We investigated the correlation between respiratoy rates and the degree of bradycardia to find another management for preventing oculocardiac reflex. Methods: NO premedications were administered. They were induced with thiopental and vecuronium and maintained with O_@-enflurane-N_2O. The tidal volume was 10 ml/kg. Respiratory rate of group 1 (n = 18) was fixed at 24 bpm, group 2 (n = 18) at 20 bpm, and group 3 (n = 19) at 16 bpm. We measured the mean heart rate from intubation to the beginning of surgery and defined this as the basal heart rate. We defined the lowest heart rate after traction of the extraocular muscles as the minimal heart rate. We calculated the correlation coefficient between the respiratory rate and basal heart rate, minimal heart rate, the change of heart rates and E_tCO_2. Results: There was a positive correlation between the respiratory rate and the basal heart rate, and minimal heart rate. There was no correlation between the respiratory rate and the change of heart rate. There was no difference in E_tCo_2 among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Can be increased both basal heart rate in anesthetized patients and minimal heart rate induced by oculocardiac reflex by making the respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant difference of E_tCO_2. The oculocardiac reflex may be reduced by making respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant influence on minute ventilation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 450~454)

Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

성인 쇄골 간부 골절에서 두 가지 수술적 치료군 간의 결과 비교: 금속판을 이용한 관혈적 정복 및 내고정술과 Steinmann Pin을 이용한 경피적 겸자 정복 및 골수강내 고정술의 결과 비교

허성식 ( Sung Sik Ha ),심재천 ( Jae Chun Sim ),홍기도 ( Ki Do Hong ),김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ),강정호 ( Jung Ho Kang ),박광희 ( Kwang Hee Park ) 대한골절학회 2007 대한골절학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적: 성인 쇄골 간부 골절에서 금속판을 이용한 관혈적 정복 및 내고정술과 Steinmann pin을 이용한 경피적 겸자 정복 및 골수강내 고정술의 결과를 분석하여 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2006년 1월까지 본원에서 치료한 총 68예의 쇄골 간부 골절을 대상으로 하였으며, 금속판을 이용한 33예, Steinmann pin을 이용한 35예의 치료 결과를 분석하였다. 최종 결과 판정은 강 등의 기준에 의한 임상적 결과와 방사선학적 골유합 기간으로 하였고, 수술 시간을 비교하였다. 결과: 임상적 결과는 우수 이상의 예가 금속판을 이용한 군의 경우 총 33예 중 29예로 88%, Steinmann pin을 이용한 군의 경우 총 35예 중 32예로 91%의 결과를 보였다. 방사선학적 골유합 시기는 각각 평균 8.9주와 9.1주였고, 수술 시간은 금속판 군에서 평균 72분, Steinmann pin 군에서 평균 18분이었다. 결론: 성인 쇄골 간부 골절의 치료에 있어 금속판을 이용한 수술 군과 Steinmann pin을 이용한 수술 군은 임상적, 방사선학적 결과 면에서 통계학적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, Steinmann pin을 이용한 수술 군에서 수술 시간 및 회복기간의 감소로 인하여 경제적인 면과 수술반흔의 감소에 따른 미용적인 면에서 더 만족스런 결과를 보였다. Purpose: To evaluate the results between open reduction and internal fixation with the plate and percutaneous reduction by towel clip and intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pin for clavicle shaft fractures in adult. Materials and Methods: We have studied the results in 33 cases with the plate. 35 cases with the Steinmann pin among total 68 cases of clavicle shaft fracture. The patients were followed up over a period of at least 12 months. The final postoperative outcome was analyzed with the clinical outcomes using Kang`s criteria. radiological union time and operation time. Results: The clinical outcome that was good or excellent according to the Kang`s criteria showed a distribution of 88% in the group using the plate with 29 cases out of total 33 cases. 91% in the group using the Steinmann pin with 32 cases out of total 35 cases. The mean radiological union time was 8.9 weeks in the group using the plate. 9.1 weeks in the group using Steinmann pin. The mean operation time was 72 minutes in the group using the plate, whereas was 18 minutes in the group using Steinmann pin. Conclusion: In the treatment of adult clavicle shaft fracture. two groups did not show a significant statistical difference in clinical and radiological outcomes. However, the operation time and postoperative functional recovery was significantly shorter and faster in the group using Steinmann pin. Additionally economic and cosmetic aspect was more satisfactory in the group using Steinmann pin.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

상아질에 적용된 재 습윤제가 미세인장 결합강도에 미치는 영향

강희영,조영곤,김종욱,박병철,유상훈,진철희,최희영,기영재 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.2

This study investigated that the effect of rewetting agent on dentinal microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Human molars were sectioned to expose the superficial dentin surfaces. Samples were divided into two groups according to type of adhesives-Single Bond (S) and One-Step (0)], and again subdivided into five groups by different dentin surface treatment-dry for 15s (D) , blot dry (BD) or dry for 15s, and rewet with different rewetting agents[distil1ed water (DW), Gluma Desensitizer (GD) and Aqua-Prep (AP)]for 30s. After application of adhesive, composite resin was built up on the bonding surface. Each tooth was sectioned to obtain stick with 1mm^(2) cross sectional area and the μTBS was determined by EZ test. In the S group, the mean μTBS of GD, AP and BD group was significantly higher than that of DW and D group (p < 0.05). In the 0 group, the mean μTBS of AP, GD, BD and DW group was significantly higher than that of D group (p < 0.05). The data suggested that Gluma Desensitizer and Aqua-Prep could be successfully used as rewetting agents, and Distilled water could be acceptable in aceton based adhesive system only.

비판적 문헌고찰에 의한 건강행위 관련이론의 분석

강남미,유경희,김성재,조남옥,최희정 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1996 간호학 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

This study was conducted by critical review analyzing literatures of theories focused on changes of health behaviors. 5 theories-TRA, HBM, Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Locus of Control-were selected among many theories of health behaviors. Theories were summarized, and models and concepts of theories were described. The results of this study were follows : 1. health behaviors could be classified into preventive behaviors and curative behaviors. 2. Most conceran of previous studies in this field was on health behavior execution itself or on its outcome. 3. the focus of previous studies was on initiation, maintenance, facilitation, and change of preventive and curative behaviors. 4. Factors affecting on health behaviors were demographic factors as exogenous variables and intrapsychic and extrapsychic factors as endogenous variables. 5. Previous studies tested predictability and explicability of these theories onhealth behaviors and identified factors affecting health behaviors most. 6. concepts of TRA, SELF-Efficacy, and Social support had higher explicability on health behaviors than concepts of HBM and Locus of control. From results of this study, we suggested the direction and considerations for futher nursing studies related with these theories. And we derived testable propositions from relationship between concepts and each others.

Riblets을 이용한 난류 경계층의 표면 마찰항력 감소에 관한 연구

姜承熙,柳常新 한국항공대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

An experimental study on the skin friction drag reduction with riblets on the flat plate is presented. Riblets engraved on the flat plate modify the turbulent structure and the turbulent intensity of the wall region. The shapes and dimensions of riblets cross sections are reported as the major factors affecting the skin friction drag reduction in the turbulent boundary layer. Riblets of the circular and triangular cross sections are prepared for the experimental works. Reduction of the turbulent intensity of the triangular riblets is more pronounced than that of the circular riblets. Skin friction drag reduction about 9% is observed when a model of the triangular riblets is used. However, the drag reduction is almost not discernable when a model of circular riblets is tested.

이대생의 체력 및 건강도에 관한 조사 연구

강지용,김종선,윤남식,이희순,한성일 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1975 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.15 No.-

The following results were obtained from the survey of health status and the measurements of physical fitness of 914 students of Ewha Womans University by means of CMI, which were conducted from October 7 to October 27 for three weeks. The purpose of the research mainly consists in the improvement of university health adiministration and of physical education. A. Survey of Health Status 1. The average Number of Complaints are 26.8 for items A-L, 15.3 for items M-R, and 42.1 for items A-R. In terms of classes, the Numbers of Complaints are revealed on a decreasing scale as follows: sophomores, 44.0, the highest; seniors, 42.6; freshmen, 42.1; and juniors, 40.5. 2. Among all the items, the following figures of average Numbers of complaints per person are conspicuous: the seniors have shown 5.3 for item D, which is the highest; and the sophomores, 0,7, which is the lowest. Among the physiological item, D, which corresponds to the ailments of digestion system, shows the highest rate; and among the items for mental diseases, item M, which corresponds to non­adjustment, is 5.2, the highest. 3. The percentiles on the lower echelons of the Number of Complaints are the following: 26.1% for freshmen is the highest; 22.2% for sophomores, the lowest. The sophomores have shown 27.1%, the highest figure, of students who have Number of Complaints of four or above. 4. The percentile figures of 10 or above of Number of Complaints are displayed by seniors with 2.4% and by sophomores with 1.5%. On the other hand, the percentile figures of 80 or above are revealed by seniors with 5.4% and by sophomores with 5.3%. B. Physical Fitness Measurements The figures for the physical fitness measurements are found as given below: 1. Pull­up Freshmen 18.4 seconds Juniors 9.3 seconds Sophomores 7.5 seconds Seniors 7.0 seconds 2. 100 Meters Dash An approximation of 19 seconds is recorded by freshmen, and the tendency is to be slower as the years go up. 3. Sit­ups The freshmen recorded 13 sit­ups, and the tendency is to be fewer as the years go up. 4. Throwing An approximation of 19 meters is marked by freshmen, and the tendency is to be shorter as the years go up. 5. Long Jump The freshmen marked 249.5 centimeters, and the tendency decreases as the years go up. 6. 800 Meters Run 4'1"8"'(4 minutes 1 seconds 8 points) is obtained for freshmen, and the tendency is to be slower as the years go up. 7. Shuttle Run 12.5 seconds is recorded for freshmen, and the tendency is to be slower as the years go up. 8. Trunk Flexion 18 centimeters is marked by freshmen, and the tendency is to be decreasing as the years go up.

백서에 있어서 incision 중지가 하악두 연골의 성장 및 미세구조에 미치는 영향

성재현,배용철,박매자,주강,경희문 대한치과교정학회 1994 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of loss of incisal function on the thickness, growth activities, ultrastructure of the condylar cartilage and on the muscle fibers of masseter superficialis, anterior belly of digastric muscle in the growing rats. 37 day-old-rats of which incisors had been trimmed every day received soft diet from weaning and were studied by the autoradiography, electron microscopy and muscle histochemistry. The results obtained were as follows ; The thickness of the fibrous, proliferative layer in superior, posterosuperior portion of the condylar cartilage was significantly(p<0.01) reduced in experimental groups and the decrease rate of fibrous layer thickness was greater in posterosuperior portion than in superior portion of cartilge and was greater than in proliferative layer. In normal group, more cells of posterosuperior portion moved more rapidly towards the medullary cavity. In experimental group, the labelling index of posterosuperior portion was decreased in proliferative layer at 2 hours, in transitional layer at 1, 2 days, in hypertrophic layer at 4 days after injection relative to posterosuperior portion of control group. But labelling index of superior portion was not different form that of control group at all time course after injection. From the muscle histochemistry, the diameter of type IIB fibers in masseter superficialis muscle, type ⅡA, type IIB fibers in anterior belly of digastric muscle decreased significantly(p<0.01) relative to controls in experimental group. From electron microscopic study, in the fibrous layer of the posterosuperior portion of condylar cartilage in normal group, many fibroblast like cells near the joint cavity showed extensive remodelling activities in ultrastructure. There was no morphological changes between experimental and control group in all cartilage cell layers of superior portion but cells near the joint cavity in fibrous layer of posterosuperior portion of experimental group showed morphologically inactive state relative to control group.

고등학교 교육과정 환경과학과 환경관련 과목의 내용 및 목표 분석

강경희,우상규 단국대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

This paper analyzes the contents and objectives of the Environmental Science and environment units of the environment-related subjects. The common units covered in all the subjects are water contamination, air contamination, outbreak of environment problems, and environmental protection measures. The characteristics of water resources, eutrophication, soil contamination and wastes are only covered in the Environment Science. Environment-related subjects are offered to provide a learning opportunity to the students who do not choose Environment Science. The result of environment education objective analysis shows the cognitive objective is more emphasized than the affective objective(77% : 23%). The environment curriculum which reflects affective domain needs to be developed. Educational implication are discussed.