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Cross-talk between STAT6 and Ras/MAPK Pathway for the IL-4-mediated T Cell Survival
So, Eui-Young,Jang, Ji-Young,Lee, Choong-Eun Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2001 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.34 No.6
As a prototypic Thl vs Th2 cytokine, IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 activate distinct STAT proteins, STAT1 and STATE, respectively. In cytokine-producing Jurkat T cells, IL-4 is effectively rescued from cell death that is induced by dexamethasone, but IFN-$\gamma$ failed to do so. Since the Ras/MAPK pathway is known to play an important role in cytokine-induced cell survival, we investigated the mechanism of T cell survival through the analysis of functional cross-talk between Ras/MAPK and distinct STAT proteins that are activated by IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$. Although IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ each induced the activation of STATE and STATI. in Jurkat T cells, respectively, only IL-4 was capable of inducing MAPK. Along with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, MEK/MAPK inhibitors also caused a significant suppression of the IL-4-induced STATE activity. This suggests a positive regulation of STATE by MAPK during IL-4 signal transduction. Furthermore, transfection studies with dominant active (da) vs dominant negative (dn) Ras revealed that daRas, but not dnRas, selectively up-regulated the expression and activity of STATE with a concomitant increase in MAPK activity. These results, therefore, suggest that there is a functional cross-talk between the Ras/MAPK and Jak/STAT6 pathways, which may have a role in the IL-4-induced T cell survival.
吳英敏,林哉明,崔義昭 東亞大學校 大學院 1984 大學院論文集 Vol.8 No.2
This study was conducted to investigate nonpoint pollutant discharges from the Busan area while raining. The artificial parameters used for this study were BOD, COD, and SS. Bo Soo-Chun was selected as the sampling site for the urban discharge. Flows and the concentrations of pollutants were measured during dry and wet weather conditions for this area. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The population equivalents of pollutants flowed into the Bosoo-Chun for the period of dry weather were 37 BODg/day, 55 CODg/day, and 30 SSg/day. 2. The maximum concentrations of pollutants in the Bosoo-Chun at the first flush were 3.2, 4.3, and 21.7 times in BOD, COD, and SS respectively that at the period of dry weather. 3. In case of continuous wet weather, the concentrations of pollutants in the Bo Soo-Chun were 2.1, 1.9, and 5.2 times in BOD, COD, and SS respectively the maximum concentrations at the period of dry weather when rainfall was 8 mm/hr. 4. The correlation equations of rainfall and the discharges of pollutants during rainfall are as follows; Kg BOD/㎢=18.07 (rainfall (mm/hr))²-28.43 (rainfall (mm/hr)) + 74.38 Kg SS/㎢ =28.19 (rainfall (mm/hr))²-35.89 (rainfall (mm/hr)) + 53.67
일측성 질폐쇄 및 동측 신장 무발생을 동반한 중복자궁 2예
윤일영,여소진,김형문,김정식,김태희,이해혁,남계현,이권해,김준모,김민의 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
Uterus didelphys with unilateral obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis usually presents after menarch with progressive abdominal pain during menses secondary to hematocolpos, and indeed a very rare congenital anomaly due to Mullerian duct malformation. An accurate and prompt diagnosis is of importance to permit treatment and to assure the future fertility of the patient. Pelvic ultrasound, physical examination and pelvic MRI established a diagnosis of hematometracolpos secondary to uterus didelphys with unilateral imperforate hemivagina. An incision in the vaginal septum allowed drainage of the hematocolpos, providing relief of the patients symptoms. We report two case of uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina with brief review of the literature.
서울 시내 4년제 남자 대학생의 우울과 흡연량, 흡연기간, 니코틴 의존도와의 관계
박지영,박소영,이미숙,백수진,신의경,예혜련,오승진,장윤정,조혜진,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37
Background: With reports on the relation between smoking and depression appearing since 1980, it has become clear that depression is one of the psychodynamics of smoking, though there has been little or no progress made in the study of whether or not there is indeed a relation between depression and nicotine dependence. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of depression on the amount and period of smoking and nicotine dependence among university man student smokers. Method: In periodical examination between 14 and 21, May, 2003, using 170 university male. The CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) Scale and the FTQ(Fagerstrom Tolerance Qustionnaire) were utilized to measure the level of depression and nicotine dependency. The amount of smoking was calculated based on the number of cigarette used. Result: Results indicated that depression had something to do with amount of smoking. Nicotine dependence also was related to depression but total value was relatively low. finally the period of smoking had nothing to do with depression. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the amount of smoking of university man student smokers was very high. Both the amount of smoking and nicotine dependence were affected by levels of depression. Accordingly psychiatric nursing access such as emotional support is needed to manage depression and decrease smoking.
성인간호학회지 논문(1989-2000)의 내용과 경향 분석
서문자,김소선,송미순,이명선,오의금,신경림,김옥수,이숙자,이영자,오효숙,정재심,김철규 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.4
"Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" has been published since 1989 and more than 330 articles have been published up 2000. We reviewed all the articles published in this journal to analyze the contents and trend of published articles and to find out the way of improvement both in quantity and quality of studies in this area. The results are as follows : 1) Ninety percent of articles were quantitative studies. Experimental design was used in 16.1% and quasi-experimental design was adapted in 73.6% of articles. Qualitative research were 10.3% of total articles reviewed. 2) Only 5.1% of articles described theoretical framework and 73.6% of experimentally designed articles included research hypotheses. 3) Among experimental studies, only one was true experimental studie design. Eighty nine point three persent had descriptive survey method among non-experimental studies. Amog the thirty four qualitative studies, phenomenologic(73.5%), grounded theory(14.7%), and ethnographic (11.8%) design were used. 4) Most of research subject were patients and few healthy people, healthcare worker, and patient family. 5) Psychosocial data collection method which used questionnaire were 53.7% and interview. physical measurement, observation were used in 22.8%. 8.2% 5.4% of articles respectively. 6) Total number of keywords were 692, and average number of key words per article was 2.2. Health-related keyword was the most frequently used according to four metaparadigm of nursing (human, health, nursing, and environment). Environment related keyword was rarely appeared. The number and quality of nursing research in "Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" have been improved continuously. It is difficult to find out special trend or characteristics which is unique in this journal because of relatively short history of adult nursing studies. This review study was performed to analyze adult nursing studies only in the view of quantitative aspect, but it is needed to analyse qualitatively to find philosophical or theoretical trend in nursing.
Cross - talk between STAT6 and Ras / MAPK Pathway for the IL - 4 - mediated T Cell Survival
Lee, Choong Eun,So, Eui Young,Jang, Ji Young 생화학분자생물학회 1998 BMB Reports Vol.34 No.6
As a prototypic Thl vs Th2 cytokine, IFN-γ and IL-4 activate distinct STAT proteins, STAT1 and STATE, respectively. In cytokine-producing Jurkat T cells, IL-4 is effectively rescued from cell death that is induced by dexamethasone, but IFN-γ failed to do so. Since the Ras/ MAPK pathway is known to play an important role in cytokine-induced cell survival, we investigated the mechanism of T cell survival through the analysis of functional cross-talk between Ras/MAPK and distinct STAT proteins that are activated by IL-4 and IFN-γ. Although 1L-4 and IFN-γ each induced the activation of STATE and STATI. in Jurkat T cells, respectively, only IL-4 was capable of inducing MAPK. Along with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, MEK/MAPK inhibitors also caused a significant suppression of the IL-4-induced STATE activity. This suggests a positive regulation of STATE by MAPK during IL-4 signal transduction. Furthermore, transfection studies with dominant active (da) vs dominant negative (dn) Ras revealed that daRas, but not dnRas, selectively up-regulated the expression and activity of STATE with a concomitant increase in MAPK activity. These results, therefore, suggest that there is a functional cross-talk between the Ras/MAPK and Jak/STAT6 pathways, which may have a role in the IL-4-induced T cell survival.
B 림프구 활성화 자극에 따른 Interleukin-4 수용체와 Type II IgE 수용체 발현조절양상의 상호관련성
이충은,윤석란,변광호,소의영 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3
Interleukin-4(IL-4) specifically induces the expression of its own receptor, IL-4R and type II IgE receptor, FceR1l in a dose-dependent manner in human B lymphocytes. We observed that the IL-4-induced expression of IL-4R and Fce Rll were both down-regulated by interferon-T(IFN-T) at mRNA as well as surface protein levels in normal B lymphocytes. Such co-ordinated regulation of the IL-4-induced IL-4R and FceRlI also occurred by anti-CD40 and steroid, each regulating the IL-4-induced response in an opposite direction. While anti-CD40, which is re-ported to agument the IL-4-induced B cell activation, further enhanced the IL-4-induced IL-4R and Fee RU expression, methylprednisolon(MPD) strongly inhibited the level of these receptors. The anti-CD40 or MPD-induced modulation of the IL-4-induced IL-4R and FceRII was further subject to the down-regulation by lFN-T. As compared to normal B lymphocytes, a differential regulation of IL-4R and FceRII was noted in a transformed B cell line, where IFN- Tup-regulated the IL-4-induced responses. Still, there was a co-ordinated regulation of the IL-4R and FceRII in these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that modulation of IL-4R expression and FccRII induction are closely correlated events during the IL-4-induced cellular activation