사염화탄소 투여 흰쥐에서 간섬유화 진행에 따른 Propranolol 의 약동학적 지표들의 변화

이민호,강주섭,강문수,윤병철,이오영,함준수,변재원,윤창옥 대한간학회 2001 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.7 No.2

Background/Aims : This study was designed to determine the effect of hepatic fibrotic severity on pharmacokinetics of propranolol in CC1q - treated rats. Methods - 1 mL/kg of 10% CC14 in olive oil was injected intramuscularly to rats twice weekly for 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks, respectively (n=6). Control (n=6) was a sham - injected equal dose of olive oil for 10 weeks. After intravenous bolus injection of 2 mg/kg propranolol to rats, the serum propranolol concentrations were analyzed for 4 hours at various time points by a HPLC - fluorimetric system, and pharmacokinetic parameters such as Co, MRT, AUC, Vdss, tl/2(p) and CLp were determined. Then, a small amount of hepatic tissue was obtained and subjected to determination of the hepatic 4 - hydroxyproline content, which confirmed the hepatic fibrotic severity. Results : The serum concentrations of propranolol at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours were significantly increased in CC1q-treated rats (p$lt;0.01). In proportion to the duration of CC4 treatment, Co and AUC were significantly increased, and Vdss and CLp were significantly decreased (p$lt;0.001). But MRT and t1/2(β) were not significantly changed. The hepatic 4 -hydroxyproline content was gradually increased in CC4-treated rats (p$lt;0.001). Conclusion - Gradual changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol were seen to be dependent on the hepatic fibrotic severity. We suggest that gradual dosage modification, according to their hepatic fibrotic severity, is necessary for many drugs administered to patients with chronic liver disease.(Korean J Hepatol 2001;7:181-188)

Propylthiouracil 투여에 의한 갑상선 기능저하 흰쥐 조직에서 알코올 탈수소효소 활성의 변화

백상현,김동선,이창범,박용수,안유헌,김태화,기춘석,강주섭 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.2

Background: Thyroid hormone has been known to affect hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Although the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism, stomach is also responsible in part for ethanol oxidation. The effects of thyroid hormone on ADH activity in gastric mucosa and other tissues of rats had not been previously examined. Method: The effects of thyroid hormone on liver, stomach, lung, and kidney ADH activities (nM of NADH/min/mg of cytosolic protein) have been investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with propylthiouracil (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Results: Whereas hepatic ADH activities were not changed by treatment with PTU(42.9(8.6 vs 45.2 (10.1), gastric ADH activities in PTU-treated rats increased by 258.8% of control rat (6.3 ( 0.6 vs 2.2 ( 1.2, p〈0.001). In the activities of other tissues, PTU treatment decreased lung ADH activity by 59.7% of control, and increased kidney ADH activities by 247.1% of control rats. Conclusion: These data suggest that hypothyroidism causes an increase of gastric alcohol metabolism, and that the increase of gastric ADH activity can partly restore the first pass metabolism of ethanol in hypothyroid rats.

Predicting Damage in a Concrete Structure Using Acoustic Emission and Electrical Resistivity for a Low and Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste Repository

Hong, Chang-Ho,Kim, Jin-Seop,Lee, Hang-Lo,Cho, Dong-Keun Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2021 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.19 No.2

In this study, the well-known non-destructive acoustic emission (AE) and electrical resistivity methods were employed to predict quantitative damage in the silo structure of the Wolsong Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center (WLDC), Gyeongju, South Korea. Brazilian tensile test was conducted with a fully saturated specimen with a composition identical to that of the WLDC silo concrete. Bi-axial strain gauges, AE sensors, and electrodes were attached to the surface of the specimen to monitor changes. Both the AE hit and electrical resistance values helped in the anticipation of imminent specimen failure, which was further confirmed using a strain gauge. The quantitative damage (or damage variable) was defined according to the AE hits and electrical resistance and analyzed with stress ratio variations. Approximately 75% of the damage occurred when the stress ratio exceeded 0.5. Quantitative damage from AE hits and electrical resistance showed a good correlation (R = 0.988, RMSE = 0.044). This implies that AE and electrical resistivity can be complementarily used for damage assessment of the structure. In future, damage to dry and heated specimens will be examined using AE hits and electrical resistance, and the results will be compared with those from this study.

자폐아동의 기본운동교육프로그램 참가가 지각운동능력발달에 미치는 영향

이창섭,이명휘,현광석,이창규,조병준 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine how the program of basic movement can influence and change the capability of perceptive movement among the children with autism. Four subjects (age3-5) participated in the specially designed program, three times a week for four weeks. For the purpose of this study, Oseretsky's Motor Development Test and PMDT(perception-Movement development Diagnosis Test) were used. The results were as follows; First, the upper limb performance of the children with autism showed significant changes by the movement education program. Second, along with the development of upper limb performance, the motor development index of the children with autism showed significant changes. Third, the Oseretsky spectrum of movement, of the children with autism responded to the order of mono-movement capability, hand-movement and co-operative movement. Fourth, the movement education program was more effective for the children with autism than for the retarded children in view of motor development capability. Fifth, the movement education program was more effective for the child with autism of multi-movement characteristics.

長安山의 植物相과 多樣性 分析

吉奉燮,金昌煥 圓光大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.2

全北 長安山의 植物相을 밝히기 위하여, 1986년 10월 부터 1987년 9월까지 실지 踏査를 통하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 長安山의 植物은 99科 326屬 440種 67變種 7品種 1亞種 總 515種類로 나타났다. 長安山의 植物相은 600∼800m는 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 거제수나무(Betula costata), 노각나무(Stewaritia koreana), 개벗나무(Prunus leveilleana), 다릅나무(Maackia amurensis)등 광엽교목종이 우점하고 있었다. 800∼1200m는 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica), 억새(Miscanthus sinensis var, purpurascens), 미역줄나무(Tripterygium regelii), 철쭉꽃(Rhododendron schlippenbachii), 노린재나무(Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa), 쇠물푸레(Fraxinus sieboldiana)가 우점하고 있었으며 800m∼100m계곡은 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 층층나무(Cornus controversa), 고로쇠나무(Acer mono)등이 우점하고 있었다. 多樣度指數(H')와 優占度指數(C)를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica) 群集으로 遷移가 진행됨에 따라 多樣度指數는 減少하고 優占度指數는 增加하였다. 각 群集에서 種사이의 상대적인 量的關係를 알아보기 위한 重要値를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica)의 중요치가 가장 높고 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhyuchophylla), 당단풍(Acer pseudo-sieboldianum), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 층층나무(Cornus controversa) 등의 순으로 나타났다. An ecological survey on the vegetation of Mt. Chang-An was conducted during one year from Sep. 1986 to Oct. 1987. The flora was composed of 99 families, 326 genera, 440 species, 67 varieties, 7 forma, 1 subspecies, or 515 taxa. Change of diversity index(H') was shown to increase, whereas dominance index(C), to decrease along progressing of succession of Quercus mongolica community. Importance value of Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Carpinus tschonoskii, Fraxinus mandshurica and F. rhynchophylla was shown the higher than other plant.

백서에서 동종 신경이식시 항 T임파구 단일클론항체 분포에 관한 조직화학적 연구

홍창섭,김경욱,임창준,정대현 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Nerve allografts as a bridge through which lost nerve can regenerate is useful in the repair of peripheral nerve defect resulting from trauma, neoplasm and leprosy. But immunological rejection and complicated scar formation is an unaboidable problem in the application of allogenic nerves. This article is intended to study histopathological and immunohistochemical response after fresh allogenic sciatic nerve grafts in rats. 12 male Sprague- Dawley rats were used as the experimental animals. A 2cm skin incision was made on the lateral aspects of limb, parallel to the femur. 1cm-long sciatic nerve trunk taken from the one rat was resected at the middle of the to high, and it was transplanted to the same area of the other rat with perineural suture method. Observation was made at the postoperative 1, 3, 8, 16 day. The results were as follows. 1. Histopathologically, destruction of the perineural sheath was observed only in 1-day group. 2. Mild degenerative changes of the nucleus and cytoplasm of Schwann cells were ovserved in the 1-day and 3-day groups. These changes gradually resolved. 3. Hollow space phenomena of the nucleus and cytoplasm of schwann cells were observed. The response was mild in the 1 day and 3 day groups, and moderate in the 8 day group. The phenomena were not identified in the 16 day group. 4. Immunohistochemical studies revealed pan T cells and cytotoxic T cells in the 1 day group. Increased numbers of cytotoxic T Cells and helper T cells were observed in the 3 and 8 day groups. 5. According to these results, after transplantation of fresh allogenic sciatic nerve an inflammatory response was observed up to 8 days and then gradually resolved. Degenerative changes were more severe up to 8 days, but an the 16th day they had resolved histopathologically and immunopathologically.

강릉수력발전소 발전수 방류 전후의 남대천 수질과 미생물 분포

심혜숙,김규중,김형섭,최창근,전방욱 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1993 東海岸硏究 Vol.4 No.1

강릉수력발전소의 발전수 방류가 강릉 남대천의 수질 및 미생물 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 정점 3 상류지역의 발전수 방류는 수질에 상당한 영향을 끼쳐 정점 3 및 정점 4의 수질은 악화되고 정점 5, 정점 6 및 정점 7의 수질은 개선되었다. 미생물 분포도 이와 유사하여 정점 3 및 정점 4의 세포수는 상당히 증가한 반면 정점 5, 정점 6 및 정점 7에서는 대체적으로 감소하였다. 이 결과로 미루어보아 강릉수력발전소의 발전수는 희석효과에 의해 수질 및 미생물 분포를 변화시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effects of water discharged from Kangnung hydropower plant on the water quality and some bacterial population of Namdaecheon Stream, Kangnung were investigated. The water discharged above station 3 affected the water quality significantly; the water quality of station 3 and station 4 took a turn for the worse, however those of station 5, station 6 and station 7 changed for the better. It was also true with the bacterial population; The number of cells of bacteria increased in station 3 and 4, but the number significantly decreased in station 5, station 6, and station 7. The data suggested the idea that the water discharged from Kangnung hydropower plant changed the water quality and some bacterial population by dilution effect.

長安山의 植物相과 多樣性 分析

吉奉燮,金昌煥 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.3

全北 長安山의 植物相을 밝히기 위하여, 1986년 10월부터 1987년 9월까지 실지 踏査를 통하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 長安山의 植物은 99科 326屬 440種 7品種 1亞種 總 515種類로 나타났다. 長安山의 植物相은 600∼800m는 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 거제수나무(Betula costata), 노각나무(Stewaritia koreana), 개벗나무(Prunus leveilleana), 다릅나무(Maackia amurensis)등 광엽교목종이 우점하고 있었다. 800∼1200m는 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica), 억새(Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens), 미역줄나무(Tripterygium regelii), 철쭉꽃(Rhododedron schlippenbiana)가 우점하고 있었으며 800m∼100m계곡은 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 층층나무(Cornus controversa), 고로쇠나무(Acer mono)등이 우점하고 있었다. 多樣度指數(H^1)와 優占度指數(C)를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica) 群集으로 遷移가 진행됨에 따라 多樣度指數는 減少하고 優占度指數는 增加하였다. 각 群集에서 種사이의 상대적인 量的關係를 알아보기 위한 重要置를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica)의 중요치가 가장 높고 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhyuchophylla), 당단풍(Acer pseudo-sieboldianum), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 층층나무(Cornus controversa)등의 순으로 나타났다. An ecological survey on the vegetation of Mt. Chang-An was conducted during one year from Sep. 1896 to Oct. 1987. The flora was composed of 99 families, 326 genera, 440 species, 67 varieties,7 forma, 1 subspecies, or 515 taxa. Change of diversity index(H') was shown to increase, whereas dominance index(C), to decrease along progressing of succession of Quercus mongolica community. Importance value of Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Carpinus tschonoskii, Fraxinus mandshurica and F. rhynchophylla was shown the higher than other plant.

Expression and Characterization of G Protein-activated Inward Rectifier $K^+$ Channels in Xenopus Oocytes

Kim, Han-Seop,Lee, Chang-Ho,Min, Churl K. The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1998 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.2 No.4

The G protein-activated inwardly rectifying $K^+$ channel (GIRK1) was coex-pressed in Xenopus oocytes along with the $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor, a 7-helix receptor known to be coupled to $K^+$ channels in many neural tissues. Thus, the activation of the $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor by its agonist leads to the opening of GIRK1. The GIRK1 current was measured using the two electrode voltage clamp technique with bath application of 5-HT in the presence of various external potassium concentrations $[K^+]_0$. GIRK1 showed a strong inward rectification since only hyperpolarizing voltages evoked inward currents. $K^{+}$ was the major ion carrier as evidenced by about 44㎷ voltage shift corresponding to a 10-fold external 〔$K^+$〕 change. 5-HT induced a concentration-dependent inward $K^+$ current ($EC_{50}{\equation omitted}10.7nM$) which was blocked by $Ba^{2+}$. Pertussis toxin (PTX) pre-treatment reduced the $K^+$ current by as much as about 70%, suggesting that PTX-sensitive G protein ($G_i or G_o$ type) are involved in the $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor-GIRK1 coupling in Xenopus oocytes.

Er:YAG 레이저의 상아질 삭제효과 및 이에 따른 온도변화

임광호,이창섭,이상호 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

Er:YAG 레이저의 상아질 삭제효과와 이에 따른 온도변화를 평가하고자 발거된 소구치와 대구치로 상아세관내 조직액과 치수내압을 유지할 수 있는 상아질 시편을 제작하고 2.94㎛의 pulsed Er : YAG 레이저 (SDL-300EN, 삼성전자, 한국)를 handpiece형의 전달계를 이용한 비접촉식 방법으로 조사세기, pulse repetition rate, 조사시간, 물 분사여부 등의 조사조건을 달리하여 상아질 면에 조사하고 이때의 삭제량과 상아질 두께에 따른 온도변화, 그리고 삭제형태를 조사, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.레이저 조사세기와 pulse repetition rate가 클수록, 그리고 조사시간이 길수록 삭제량이 증가되었다(P〈0.05). 그러나 5Hz의 pulse repetition rate에서는 조사시간에 따른 삭제 량의 차이가 크지 않았다. 2.삭제된 와동은 비교적 변연부가 명확하고 깨끗하였으며 와동의 바닥은 원추형이였으며 부드러웠다. 조사세기와 pulse repetition rate가 클수록, 그리고 조사시간이 길수록 와동의 상부 직경이 넓었으며 150mJ, 5Hz, 5sec에서는 와동변 연부에 약간의 crack이 관찰되었다. 3. 레이저 조사세기와 pulse repetition rate가 클수록, 그리고 조사시간이 길수록 상아질의 온도가 더 많이 상승하였으며 시편의 두께가 두꺼울수록 온도상승이 적었다(P〈0.05). 4.물을 분사하며 레이저를 조사할 경우 물을 분사하지 않은 경우에 비해 온도상승이 매우 감소되었다(P(0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 Er : YAG레이저를 상아질에 조사할 경우 와동의 형태가 명확하고 물을 분사할 경우 온도상승이 많이 유발되지 않으므로써 삭제력이 좋고 치수에 유해작용이 없는 것으로 생각된다. 향후 임상에서 치질을 제거하는데 효율적으로 이용되기 위해서는 삭제력이 더욱 크고 이에 따른 온도상승을 최소로 할 수 있는 조사 시스템 및 방법에 대한 연구가 계속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Er : YAG laser on cutting efficacy and temperature changes of dentin. We used the dentin specimens of human premolars and molars which contain the physiologic saline and maintain the pulpal pressure in dentinal tubules. Each specimen was exposed to Er : YAG laser with non-contact handpiece type delivery system under different treatment condition of irradiation energy, pulse repetition rate, and exposure time. Two procedures were conducted by the presence of water flow during lasing. The specimens were grouped by thickness of dentin. We investigated the cavity pattern, volume, and temperature change of dentin specimen to determine the cutting efficacy and temperature rise of Er : YAG laser, and obtained following results. 1.Cutting volume of dentin was increased by increasing the irradiation energy, pulse repetition rate, and exposure time(P〈0.05). 2. Margins of abulated cavities were sharp and clean and floors of cavities were conical in shape and showing smooth surfaces. Upper diameter of abulated cavities were increasing as laser parameter of irradiation energy, pulse repetition rate, and exposure time were increased. A few cracks were observed on abulated surfaces under treatment condition of laser parameter with 150mJ, 5Hz, and 5sec. 3.Temperature was increased as laser parameter of irradiation energy, pulse repetition rate, and exposure time were increased, and temperature rise was decreased as dentin thickness was increased(P〈0.05). 4.Temperature rise was decreased under water flow compared with no water flow during laser exposure(P〈0.05). From these results, we think that the method of using a Er : YAG laser would be effective and safe in cutting dentin for clinical application.