닭의장풀의 분리표피에서 H_2O_2에 의한 기공 닫힘기작

전방욱,이준상 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The mechanism of stomatal closing in response to O_3 was indirectly investigated by using H_2O_2 which is the intermediate product of O_3 metabolites. Stomata in epidermal strips close in response to H_2O_2. The effect of H_2O_2 on stomatal closing was dependent on the concentration of H_2O_2. 10 ppm H_2O_2 showed a clear effect on stomatal closing and 1000 ppm H_2O_2 induced complete stomatal closing after the treatment of 3 hours. Stomatal closing by H_2O_2 in intact leaf was also observed by measuring the diffusion resistance with porometer. It was found that the stomatal closing by H_2O_2 was not mediated by Ca^2+, and that was a different result observed in stomatal closing by water stress. Reversely, Ca^2+, showed a great inhibition on stomatal closing. The leakage of K^+ in epidermal strips was doubled in response to H_2O_2 when it was campared to the control. 10 ppm H_2O_2 decreased photosynthetic activity. Fv/Fm representing the activity of Photosystem Ⅱ was reduced about 4 % in 10 ppm H_20_2 and 8 % in 100 ppm H_2O_2 in the treatment of 1.5 hour. However, stomatal closing by 10 ppm H_2O_2 was reduced about 56 %. Accordingly, it can be suggetsted that stomatal closing by H_2O_2 is related with the decrease of photosynthetic activity, but it was chiefly induced by the change of the membrane permeability.

(의론) 세계 최초의 유전자 편집 아기 출생의 의미

전방욱 가톨릭대학교(성의교정) 가톨릭생명윤리연구소 2019 인격주의 생명윤리 Vol.9 No.1

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크리스퍼 유전자가위에 의한 인간 배아 편집의 과장 - 국내외 신문기사 내용의 과장 등급에 근거하여

전방욱 한국생명윤리학회 2018 생명윤리 Vol.19 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the hype score of Korean and foreign newspaper articles on human embryo editing by CRISPR-Cas9. Through the T-test, it was found that articles of the domestic newspapers were more significantly hyped than those of the foreign newspapers (p <0.001). The reasons for the different reporting attitudes are estimated in terms of the press releases of the Ministry of Science and ICT, the researchers' paper on human embryo editing, and science reporting practice of media. Finally, the way to avoid hype through responsible human embryo editing was sought. 크리스퍼 유전자가위에 의한 인간 배아 편집과 관련하여 한미 연구자들이 공동 연구한 사례를 다룬 국내외 신문기사를 대상으로 과장 등급을 평가하였다. T-검정을 통하여 국내 신문기사가 국외 신문기사에 비하여 유의한 정도(p<0.001)로 과장이 심하다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이처럼 상이한 보도 태도를 갖는 이유를 과학기술정보통신부의 보도 자료, 연구자의 논문, 우리나라 과학보도 관행의 측면에서 추정하였으며, 책임있는 인간 배아 편집 연구를 통하여 과장을 회피하는 방법을 모색하였다.

Canavanine 이 Lowry 방법에 의한 단백질 정량에 미치는 영향

전방욱,권영명 ( Bang Ook Jun,Young Myung Kwon ) 생화학분자생물학회 1983 BMB Reports Vol.16 No.4

Canavanine, the guanidinooxy structural analog of arginine, significantly treats error in Lowry protein determination by being response to the Lowry reagents. It increases the absorbance of the reagent blank at 750 ㎚ and additively affects the apparent protein value. Two hundred and eighty unit mole of canavanine yields the colorimetric equivalent of 1.0 unit mole of bovine serum albumin. The interference of canavanine can be corrected by the use of appropriate calibration curves or by prior separation of protein from canavanine by trichloroacetic acid precipitation.

자연과학의 관점에서 바라본 가이아 -러브록의 사이버네틱스와 마굴리스의 공생진화론을 중심으로-

전방욱,손향구 한국과학기술학회 2021 한국과학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

Recruting members of IRBs on embryo research in Korea

전방욱,김만재 한국생명윤리학회 2008 생명윤리 Vol.9 No.2

The Korean Bioethics and Biosafety Act requires embryo research institutions to set up their own institutional review board (IRBs), consisting of more than or equal to 5 persons. The Act also asks for including at least two mandatory members, one who is not engaged in the fields of life science or medical science and the other who does not belong to the institution. Since the IRBs were established in 2005, they did not receive general attention until Hwang's stem cell research became internationally scandalized. While arguing Hwang's research misconduct, it was also revealed that the IRBs that reviewed his research did not follow any legal procedure. Although Hwang's scandal provided an opportunity to improve the IRB operation in Korea, it is not clear whether the IRB fully represents its original raison d'etre or not. Therefore, this study aims to analyze current conditions and tries to find out some plausible problems of the IRB, largely focusing on recruiting members. Some data provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare show that the IRB members are 6.24 persons on average, and embryo producing medical institutions occupy 70.1 percent in total, whereas embryo research institutions and somatic cell embryo clones research institutions represent 27.0 percent and 2.9 percent respectively. Preliminary results reveal that, among 209 persons recruited from outside, 55.5 percent of them (116 persons) are from medical practitionersand life scientists. Considering academic environment in Korea, it is very likely that these members are selected from peer groups in favor of reviewed research. The analysis also indicates that 71.6 percent of nonprofessional members are employees of the institution, which makes it hard to expect them to review a research proposal without any conflict of interest. In conclusion, although most institutions seem to follow the law at first glance, current conditions of the IRBs in Korea are still far from what the law originally intended to pursue. The Korean Bioethics and Biosafety Act requires embryo research institutions to set up their own institutional review board (IRBs), consisting of more than or equal to 5 persons. The Act also asks for including at least two mandatory members, one who is not engaged in the fields of life science or medical science and the other who does not belong to the institution. Since the IRBs were established in 2005, they did not receive general attention until Hwang's stem cell research became internationally scandalized. While arguing Hwang's research misconduct, it was also revealed that the IRBs that reviewed his research did not follow any legal procedure. Although Hwang's scandal provided an opportunity to improve the IRB operation in Korea, it is not clear whether the IRB fully represents its original raison d'etre or not. Therefore, this study aims to analyze current conditions and tries to find out some plausible problems of the IRB, largely focusing on recruiting members. Some data provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare show that the IRB members are 6.24 persons on average, and embryo producing medical institutions occupy 70.1 percent in total, whereas embryo research institutions and somatic cell embryo clones research institutions represent 27.0 percent and 2.9 percent respectively. Preliminary results reveal that, among 209 persons recruited from outside, 55.5 percent of them (116 persons) are from medical practitionersand life scientists. Considering academic environment in Korea, it is very likely that these members are selected from peer groups in favor of reviewed research. The analysis also indicates that 71.6 percent of nonprofessional members are employees of the institution, which makes it hard to expect them to review a research proposal without any conflict of interest. In conclusion, although most institutions seem to follow the law at first glance, current conditions of the IRBs in Korea are still far from what the law originally intended to pursue.

총장칼럼 - 나의 총장 분투기

전방욱,Jeon, Bang-Uk 한국대학교육협의회 2012 大學敎育 Vol.178 No.-

Error in Lowry Protein Determination by Canavanine

전방욱,권영명,Jun, Bang-Ook,Kwon, Young-Myung 생화학분자생물학회 1983 한국생화학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Canavanine은 arginine의 guanidinooxy structural analog로서 Lowry시약과 반응하여 Lowry 방법에 의한 단백질 정량시 심각한 오차를 일으킨다. Canavanine은 750 nm에서 reagent blank의 흡광도를 증가시키며 또한 단백질의 측정치를 증가시킨다. 280단위몰의 canavanine은 1단위몰의 소혈청단백질과 동일한 흡광도를 나타낸다. 단백질 정량에 미치는 canavanine의 이와 같은 간섭은 적절한 calibration curve를 사용하거나 trichloroacetic acid 첨전법에 의해 단백질로부터 canavanine을 분리하는 방법을 사용하여 제거할 수 있다. Canavanine, the guanidinooxy structural analog of arginine, significantly creats error in Lowry protein determination by being response to the Lowry reagents. It increases the absorbance of the reagent blank at 750nm and additively affects the apparent protein value. Two hundred and eighty unit mole of canavanine yields the colorimetric equivalent of 1.0 unit mole of bovine serum albumin. The interference of canavanine can be corrected by the use of appropriate calibration curves or by prior separation of protein from canavanine by trichloroacetic acid precipitation.

Canavanine 존재시 합성된 보리 $\alpha$-Amylase의 정제와 그 생화학적 성질

전방욱,권영명,Jun, Bang-Ook,Kwon, Young-Myung 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.2

$GA_3$에 의하여 유도된 $\alpha$-amylase (대조구의 $\alpha$-amylase)와 $GA_3$ 처리 12시간 경과 후 canavanine을 첨가하여 얻은 $\alpha$-amylase (canavanine 처리구의 $\alpha$-amylase)를 ammonium sulfate분획, CHA-affinity chromatography와 DEAE-cellulose chromatography를 사용하여 정제하였고 이들 두 효소의 성질을 비교 조사하였다. Canavanine 처리구의 $\alpha$-amylase를 아마노산 분석한 결과 $\alpha$-amylase 내에 1.5~1.7 mol의 canavanine이 투입되었음이 확인되었다. 대조구의 $\alpha$-amylase와 canavanine 처리구의 $\alpha$-amylase의 pI값은 각각 5.2와 4.9였다. 그러나 분자량은 50,000 dalton으로 동일하게 나타났으며, 최적온도, 최적 pH, 그리고 반응산물도 동일하였다. 그러나 amylose를 기질로 사용하였을 때의 최대반응속도는 대조구의 $\alpha$-amylase의 경우 canavamne 처리구의 $\alpha$-amylase의 경우보다 1.6배 빨랐다. 그러나 $K_m$값은 동일하였다. 또한 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ 및 $Mn^{2+}$과 같은 $\alpha$-amylase의 activator를 첨가하였을 예는 대조구의 $\alpha$-amylase의 경우 $10^{-3}M$보다 $10^{-2}\;M$처리시 그 활성이 높게 나타났으나 canavanine 처리구의 $\alpha$-amylase의 경우 $10^{-3}\;M$ 보다 오히려 그 활성이 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 보리종자에 canavanine을 처리하였을 때 canavanine이 $\alpha$-amylase내로 투입되어 효소구조를 변화시킴으로써 효소활성을 감소시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effect of canavanine on the $GA_3$-induced $\alpha$-amylase in barley halfseeds were investigated. $GA_3$-induced $\alpha$-amylase (control $\alpha$-amylase) and the $\alpha$-amylase to which canavanine was added 12 h after $GA_3$ treatment (canavanine treated $\alpha$-amylase) were purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, CHA-affinity chromatography and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and the properties of both kinds of enzyme were comparatively studied. The amino acid analysis of canavanine treated $\alpha$-amylase revealed that 1.5-1.7 mol of canavanine was incorporated into $\alpha$-amylase instead of arginine. The pI values of control $\alpha$-amylase and canavanine treated $\alpha$-amylase were 5.2 and 4.9 respectively. However, their molecular weights were determined as the same dalton of 50,000 and their optimum temperature and optimum pH as well as the reaction products were the same in both kinds. While $K_m$ values were the same in both kinds, the maximum enzyme reaction velocity using amylose as substrate were 1.6 times faster for control $\alpha$-amylase than for canavanine treated $\alpha$-amylase. When the enzyme activators such $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$ were treated upon the purified enzymes, the activator concentration of $10^{-3}\;M$ had less effect on the activation of control $\alpha$-amylase then the concentration of $10^{-2}\;M$. However, the situation was reversed in the case of canavanine treated $\alpha$-amylase. In summary, when canavanine was treated upon barley seeds, its incorporation into $\alpha$-amylase is considered to decrease the $\alpha$-amylase activity through. changing the structure of the enzyme.

강릉수력발전소 발전수 방류 전후의 남대천 수질과 미생물 분포

심혜숙,김규중,김형섭,최창근,전방욱 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1993 東海岸硏究 Vol.4 No.1

강릉수력발전소의 발전수 방류가 강릉 남대천의 수질 및 미생물 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 정점 3 상류지역의 발전수 방류는 수질에 상당한 영향을 끼쳐 정점 3 및 정점 4의 수질은 악화되고 정점 5, 정점 6 및 정점 7의 수질은 개선되었다. 미생물 분포도 이와 유사하여 정점 3 및 정점 4의 세포수는 상당히 증가한 반면 정점 5, 정점 6 및 정점 7에서는 대체적으로 감소하였다. 이 결과로 미루어보아 강릉수력발전소의 발전수는 희석효과에 의해 수질 및 미생물 분포를 변화시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effects of water discharged from Kangnung hydropower plant on the water quality and some bacterial population of Namdaecheon Stream, Kangnung were investigated. The water discharged above station 3 affected the water quality significantly; the water quality of station 3 and station 4 took a turn for the worse, however those of station 5, station 6 and station 7 changed for the better. It was also true with the bacterial population; The number of cells of bacteria increased in station 3 and 4, but the number significantly decreased in station 5, station 6, and station 7. The data suggested the idea that the water discharged from Kangnung hydropower plant changed the water quality and some bacterial population by dilution effect.