경남지역 전통 된장의 숙성기간에 따른 품질 특성 및 미생물 군집 비교

김현영,김봉신,고희숙,김소영,하기정,Kim, Hyeon-Young,Kim, Bong Sin,Ko, Hee-Suk,Kim, So-young,Ha, Gi-Jeong 한국식품영양학회 2021 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

This study investigated the microbial community and quality characteristics of traditional soybean pastes (doenjang) based on the aging period in Gyeongnam province. The samples were collected from seven regions in Gyeongnam Province (Goseong, Hadong, Haman, Hamyang, Sacheon, Sancheong and Uiryeong). Contents of moisture, salinity, pH, and acidity of doenjang after 210 days aging were 56.40~65.21%, 9.05~16.08%, 4.88~6.86 and 0.64~2.14%, respectively. Lightness significantly decreased over the aging period, while the redness tended to increase over the aging period. Yellowness was from 21.39~26.81 to 21.10~28.36. Reducing sugar content was from 0.31~1.45% to 0.11~3.13%. The amino-type content increased from 141.87~495.13 mg/100 g to 328.53~823.67 mg/100 g. In contrast, the ammonia-type content declined from 136.74~364.70 mg/ 100 g to 128.62~331.00 mg/100 g. The overall total microbial count did not significantly differ, but it tended to decrease in sample GD4. Fungus declined overall or was not detected. Coliform groups were not detected in all samples. Lactobacillus and Bacillus cereus tended to decrease over the aging period. The common fungus and bacterium were Aspergillus oryzae and Tetragenococcus halophilus, respectively. After the aging period, the predominant fungi were Candida versatilis, Candida apicola, and Debaryomyces hansenii. The predominant bacteria were Tetragenococcus halophilus and Cronobacter sakazakii.

F344 랫드를 이용한 이황화메틸의 아급성 흡입독성연구

김현영,이성배,한정희,정용현,김형진,신진영,신동호,김종춘,이용묵,Kim Hyeon-Yeong,Lee Sung-Bae,Han Jung-Hee,Chung Yong-Hyun,Kim Hyoung-Chin,Shin Jin-Young,Shin Dong-Ho,Kim Jong-Choon,Lee Young-Mook 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

이황화메틸의 반복 흡입노출에 의한 아급성 독성 잠재력을 평가하기 위해 암수 랫드에게 0, 5, 25 및 125 ppm용량으로 21일간 반복 흡입노출하고, 일반증상과 체중, 사료섭취 량, 혈액치, 혈청생화학치 및 부검소견을 관찰하였다. 시험결과, 랫드에게 이황화메틸을 3주간 반복 흡입노출하면 125 ppm의 농도에서 체중증가의 억제와 사료섭취 량의 감소를 유발하나, 혈액 및 혈청생화학치에는 어떠한 이상도 유발하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 시험 조건 하에서 이황화메틸의 표적 장기는 관찰되지 않았으며, 무해용량은 암수 모두 25 ppm으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential subacute toxicity of dimethyl disulfide by 3 weeks inhalation in F344 rats. The test article, dimethyl disulfide was exposed by inhalation to male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 5, 25, or 125 ppm/6 hrs/ day for 3 weeks. Five rats/ sex/ group were sacrificed on day 4 after the initiation of treatment, while 5 rats/ sex/ group were sacrificed at the end of treatment period. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and gross findings were examined. Slight decreases in body weight gain were noted in both sexes of the highest dose group in a dose dependent manner but were only statistically different from the control animals in males of the group. A slight non-significant reduction in food consumption were also noted in the both sexes of the highest dose group. There were no adverse effects on mortality, clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry, and necropsy findings at any dose tested. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 3 weeks repeated dose of dimethyl disulfide by inhalation resulted in suppressed body weight gain and decreased food consumption at 125 ppm of both sexes. In the present experimental conditions, the target organ was not determined in rats. The no­observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 25 ppm/6 hrs/day for both sexes.

Mouse의 신장상피세포에서 패장(敗醬)추출물이 산화 스트레스 및 NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling에 미치는 영향

김현영,장수영,최규호,신현철,Kim, Hyun-Young,Jang, Soo-Young,Choi, Gyu-Ho,Shin, Hyeon-Cheol 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives : The aims of this study were to investigate the cytoprotective, antioxidative and inflammation genes inhibitory effects of Patriniae Radix on the mouse LLC-$PK_1$ cells (renal epithelial cells). Methods : The cytoprotective effect of Patriniae Radix was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The antioxidative effect was measured in terms of generation amount of superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}{O_2}^-$) by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), nitric oxide (NO) by 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) by dihyldrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) by $PGE_2$ immunoassay on $H_2O_2$-treated LLC-$PK_1$ cells. For measuring of inflammation genes inhibitory effects, western blot was performed to detect IKK-$\alpha$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, NF-${\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$ and VCAM-1 protein level in cytosol fractions from LLC-$PK_1$ cells. Results : Patriniae Radix extract reduced the $H_2O_2$-induced cell death and inhibited the amount of $H_2O_2$-induced ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$, NO, $ONOO^-$, $PGE_2$ generation dose-dependently on the mouse LLC-$PK_1$ cells in vitro. Also Patriniae Radix extract inhibited the expression of IKK-$\alpha$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, COX-2, iNOS, IL-$1\beta$ and VCAM-1 genes dose-dependently by means of decreasing activation of NF-${\kappa}B$. Conclusions : According to above results, it was identified that Patriniae Radix had the cytoprotective, antioxidative and inflammation genes inhibitory effects. So it was suggested that Patriniae Radix would be effective to the treatment for the inflammatory process and inflammation-related diseases.

곡기생(?寄生)의 항염증 효능 및 암세포 이주저해에 미치는 영향

김현영,장수영,정지천,신현철,Kim, Hyun-Young,Jang, Soo-Young,Jeong, Ji-Cheon,Shin, Hyeon-Cheol 대한한방내과학회 2013 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

Objectives : Gokgisaeng (Korean mistletoe) is used for the treatment of inflammatory and cancer diseases in traditional Korean medicine and its major component lectins have been reported to induce nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and also induce apoptosis of various types of cancer cells, although its modulatory effects on cancer cell migration and macrophage activation is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to clarify molecular mechanisms of action responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antitumor migration potentials of Korean mistletoe extract (KME). Methods : We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of KME on NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in both RAW 264.7 macrophages and rat C6 glioma cells, and also evaluated inhibitory efficacy on glioma cell growth and migration. For assessment, XTT assay, nitrite assay, RT-PCR, scratch-wound and Boyden chamber assay, and western blot analysis were performed. Results : Previously reported, unlike the efficacy of Gokgisaeng lectin, KME inhibited NO production and iNOS expression, and suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, COX-2, iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, KME suppressed tumor cell growth and migration, and it also inhibited LPS-induced NO release and iNOS activation by down-regulating expression of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphorylation of ERK in C6 glioma cells. Conclusions : Our research findings provide evidence that KME can play a significant role in blocking pro-inflammatory reaction and malignant progression of tumors through the suppression of NO/iNOS by down-regulating of inflammatory signaling pathways, PKC/ERK.

제주 지역 여성청년의 독립 경험에 관한 공간정치적 접근

김현영(Kim Hyeon-Young),김태연(Kim Tae-Yeon) 한국공간환경학회 2021 공간과 사회 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 제주 지역 여성청년의 독립 실천을 다루면서 중심부와 주변부의 공간위계가 상상되고 경합되는 과정의 역동을 살펴본다. 농촌보다는 도시를, 지방보다는 서울을 열망하는 공간위계 속에서 지역 청년들의 변화하는 생애주기에 대한 인식과 삶의 맥락은 어떻게 구성되고 있을까? 중심부와 주변부 공간의 물질적이고 상징적인 격차가 심화되는 가운데 지역, 젠더와 계급이라는 범주는 어떻게 각축하고 있을까? 이 질문에 답하기 위해, 본 연구는 독립과 의존을 대립적인 것으로 상정하는 대신 여성청년들의 독립 실천을 ‘과정적인 것’으로 규정하고, “잔류”로 표상되는 삶의 맥락 속에서 자신만의 공간을 확보하려는 다양한 실천을 살펴본다. 이들의 독립 실천은 중앙과 지방, 이주와 정주라는 이중의 위계 속에서 현재적 사건으로 긍정되지 못하며 다양한 구조적 곤란에 맞닥뜨리게 된다. 그럼에도 이들은 다양한 공간전략을 구사하며 새로운 장소를 만들어낸다. 관계적 장소로서 새롭게 집을 장소화하는 이들의 실천에는 중앙-지방의 공간위계를 새롭게 사유할 가능성이 잠재한다. This paper, considering the young unmarried women’s experiences of making their own space in Jeju Island, explores the ways of interpreting the hierarchical dualism of geographical center and periphery in South Korea. Our research question is how the young women who live in Jeju perceive and interpret their own life context, and then how they cope with spatial hierarchy between the urban and the rural, and between Seoul and the local. In some sense, their encounter with the spatial hierarchy cannot but help break through the effects of intermingling social forces such as locality, gender and class. The deepening gap of material (economic) opportunities and of symbolic power between the central and peripheral region is a big challenge to the young generation in Jeju. We define their practices of making their own living spaces as ‘processive’ and regard these as ‘remaining’ in their living context. Their practices are neglected in the cultural circumstance that forces the young generation to sacrifice the present for the future. That sacrifice is justified as an investment. It looks like an structurally imposed obstacle. Nevertheless, the young women, particularly unmarried women try to reclaim new places through negotiating between their position within the structure and their own strategic choice. It can be their detour through which they rethink the spatial hierarchy.

간호대학생들의 시스템 사고 기반 천식환자 간호과정 분석

김현영 ( Hyeon Young Kim ),오현수 ( Hyun Su Oh ),윤은경 ( Eun Kyoung Yun ) 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 2013 한국시스템다이내믹스 연구 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze nursing students` proficiency with ST(Systems Thinking) approach concerning asthma patient nursing process. For this study, 20 nursing students created causality cognitive maps which were consisted of the contents of ‘asthma nursing care``. The word association and causality cognitive map were used to estimate ability of the ST. As a result, the students failed to understand the nursing process with the ST approach, or alternatively they applied low level ST approach and had a lower understanding of it. The findings of this study suggest that the development of a ST-based nursing educational program in order for nursing students to improve their ST ability as well as knowledge integration for multidisciplinary practice.

고추와 파프리카의 색과 조리방법의 차이에 따른 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 함량과 잔존율

김현영(Hyeon Young Kim),김홍균(Honggyun Kim),천지연(Jiyeon Chun),정혜정(Heajung Chung) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.6

본 연구는 파프리카와 고추 간의 품종별, 색깔별로 나누어 조리방법에 따라 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 함량을 비교하고자 하였다. 또한, 4종류의 시료를 서로 다른 조리방법(삶기, 굽기, 볶기, 튀기기, 찌기, 로스팅, 전자레인지)을 사용하였고, 이를 통해 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 잔존율과 각각의 함량에 대한 색, 종류, 조리방법의 상관성을 조사하였다. 파프리카와 고추는 모두 조리과정에서 중량이 감소하였다. 베타카로틴, 엽산의 함량은 색깔, 종류, 조리방법의 영향을 받았고(P<0.05), 비타민 E의 함량은 영향을 크게 받지 않았다. 조리 전 시료의 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산 함량(mg/100 g) 범위는 각각 95.4(풋고추)~2,441.1(홍고추), 0.7(녹색 파프리카)~4.2(적색 파프리카), 6.2(풋고추)~148.7(홍고추)로 나타났다. 조리 후 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 함량은 각각 튀긴 홍고추, 로스팅한 홍고추, 삶은 홍고추에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 잔존율의 경우 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산이 각각 77.3(홍고추-삶기)~356.4(풋고추-로스팅)%, 2.0(홍고추-전자레인지)~789.3(녹색 파프리카-튀기기)%, 20.9(홍고추-전자레인지)~445.1(풋고추-찌기)% 범위로 나타났다. 홍고추를 제외한 나머지 모든 시료에서 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산이 조리방법에 상관없이 75% 이상의 높은 잔존율을 보였다. 홍고추의 비타민 E와 엽산은 튀기기와 전자레인지에서 2.0~32.1% 범위로 낮은 잔존율을 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때 파프리카와 고추의 조리 전후에 대한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각하며, 전자레인지를 이용한 조리방법에 따른 영양소 파괴에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다. β-Carotene, vitamin E, and folate contents according to color and species of Capsicum annuum were investigated. In addition, four C. annuum species were cooked by using different methods (boiling, pan-cooking, pan-frying, deep-frying, steaming, roasting, and microwaving), and retention rates of β-carotene, vitamin E, and folate affected by color and species were evaluated. Weight loss was observed in all paprika and pepper species using all cooking methods. β-Carotene and folate contents of C. annuum samples were significantly different by color, species, and cooking method (P<0.05), whereas vitamin E contents were not significantly affected by species. β-Carotene, vitamin E, and folate contents (mg/100 g) of raw C. annuum showed ranges of 95.4 (green pepper)∼2,441.1 (red pepper), 0.7 (green paprika)∼4.2 (red paprika), and 6.2 (green pepper)∼148.7 (red pepper). As a result, the highest β-carotene, vitamin E, and folate contents were detected in deep fried red pepper, roasted red pepper, and boiled red pepper, respectively, among the cooked samples. Retention rates of C. annuum varied by cooking method, resulting in ranges of 77.3% (boiled red pepper)∼356.4% (roasted green pepper) for β-carotene, 2.0% (microwaved red pepper)∼789.3% (deep-fried green paprika) for vitamin E, and 20.9% (microwaved red pepper)∼445.1% (steamed green pepper) for folate. Over 75% retention rates were observed for β-carotene, vitamin E, and folate in all samples except for red pepper. However, in red pepper, vitamin E and folate retentions were remarkably lowered by deep frying and microwaving, resulting in rates of 2.0∼32.1%. This study provides information on effective cooking methods for vitamin retention in C. annuum depending on color and species.

〈박씨전〉을 활용한 문학치료 사례연구

김현영(Kim Hyeon-Young) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.25

본고는 고소설 〈박씨전〉을 활용하여 문학치료 상담을 한 사례에 대한 보고이다. 2장에서는 〈박씨전〉에 나타난 서사의 양상을 살펴보았다. 배우자 감싸기 유형의 부부서사가 나타나며, 융의 분석심리학을 적용하여 분석한 결과 아니마의 회복이라는 점에서 자기실현에 이르기 위한 과정을 찾아볼 수 있었다. 따라서 〈박씨전〉에는 자기성숙의 지표가 나타나며 인간관계에서의 성공을 그려내는 서사가 나타난다고 볼 수 있다. 3장에서는 〈박씨전〉을 활용한 문학치료 상담 과정을 제시하였다. 부부서사영역에서의 자기서사를 진단하고 문제적 서사를 작품서사를 통하여 보완하여 치료하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 고등학교 재학생 2명을 대상으로 '예비→진단→치료→마무리'의 과정으로 진행하였다. 두 학생 모두 〈박씨전〉에 나타난 배우자 감싸기 서사를 거부하고 배우자가르기 유형의 자기서사를 가지고 있었는데, 치료 단계를 거쳐 자기서사의 변화를 보였다. 치료 단계에서는 징검다리 서사로서 영화 〈페인티드베일〉을 활용하였다. 영화는 부부 관계에서의 위기와 해결 방안이 여러 측면에서 제시되고 있는데, 이러한 작품 서사를 접하면서, 〈박씨전〉에 나타난 배우자 감싸기 서사를 받아들이는 쪽으로의 변화를 보였다. 또한 생애담 다시쓰기 활동을 통해서도 부부서사의 부분에서의 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 이번 사례를 통해 〈박씨전〉을 활용한 문학치료 활동이 어느 정도 타당성과 유용성을 갖는다고 볼 수 있겠다. This study is a case report about Literary therapy counseling of Bakssijeon. In this study, we discussed the aspects of epic found in Bakssijeon. First of all, in this novel, we could see husband and wife epic; the epic of protecting mate, and second, self-actualization epic, which resulted from the analysis based on Jung's analytical psychology. Consequently, this shows that there is the epic of a success on human relationships in Bakssijeon. This study also examined the process and result of the literary therapy counsel using Bakssijeon. In this case, the subjects were three high school students, and the process was four steps of 'preparation → diagnosis → therapy → finish'. The students, at first, had self-epic of the dividing mate, rejecting the epic of protecting mate on Bakssijeon. However, their self-epic has changed step by step passing through the therapy stage. In this stage, we made use of a stepping stone epic, a movie The Painted Veil. Experiencing the movie, the students changed their attitude, eventually accepted the protecting mate epic of Bakssijeon. Finally, with the activity of writing their own lifetime, students showed some changes in their self-epic. With this case, we found that the literary therapy using Bakssijeon is valid and useful to some extent.

<종옥전>을 활용한 문학치료 사례 연구 -“남녀서사”의 진단과 치료-

김현영 ( Hyeon Young Kim ) 겨레어문학회 2010 겨레어문학 Vol.44 No.-

This paper is a case report about Literary therapy counseling of <Jongokjeon>. In chapter 2, I discussed the aspects of epic found in <Jongokjeon>. In the novel, I could see, first, man and woman epic: the epic of recovering the opposite sex, and second, self-actualization, which resulted from the analysis based on Jung` analytical psychology. Consequently, this shows that in <Jongokjeon>, thiere is the epic of a success on human relationships. In chapter 3, I mentioned the process and result of the Literary therapy counsel using <Jongokjeon>. In this case, the subjects were two high school students, and the process was four steps of preparation → diagnosis→ therapy → finish. The students, at first, had self-epic of the dividing the opposite sex epic, rejecting the epic of recovering the opposite sex on <Jongokjeon>. However, their self-epic has changed step by step passing through the therapy stage. In this stage, I made use of a stepping stone epic, a movie <What`s Eating Gilbert Grape>. Experiencing the movie, the students changed their attitude toward the opposite sex. They became to accept the recovering the opposite sex epic of <Jongokjeon>. And, with the activity of writing their own Lifetime, students showed some changes in their self-epic on <Jongokjeon>. With this case, in short, I could see that the Literary therapy using <Jongokjeon> is valid and useful to some extent.

척추 수술에서 C자형 이동형 투시장비의 조사야 조절기능을 이용한 선량감소효과 : 인체모형팬텀 연구

김현영(Hyeon-Young Kim),정용환(Yong-Hwan Jeong),조성봉(Seong-Bong Jo),권순안(Sun-Ahn Kwon),대창민(Chang-Min Dae),지영석(Young-Seok Ji) 대한영상의학기술학회 2021 대한영상의학기술학회 논문지 Vol.2021 No.-

C자형 이동형 투시 장비 (C-arm; C-arm Fluoroscopy equipment)는 일반적 수술 (General Surgery)에서 필수적으로 사용되며, 기술 발전에 따른 수술 사례와 수술 복잡성의 증가로 총 방사선 조사 시간이 증가하여 의료진 피폭선량의 위험성은 지속적으로 제기 되어왔다. 조사야 조절이 방사선량 감소에 큰 이점이 있다는 것은 이미 많은 선행 연구들을 통해 널리 알려져 있으므로, 본 연구에서는 조사야를 10%부터 40%까지 축소 조절하면서 환자에게 노출되는 방사선량과 의료진에게 노출되는 방사선량의 감소효과를 평가하고, 최적의 조사야 크기를 제시하고자 한다. 임상 사례와 가장 유사한 환경을 조성하고자 인체모형팬텀 (Whole-body phantom PBU60; Kyoto Kagaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan)을 사용하였으며, 전신 피폭을 가정하기 위하여 갑상선과 생식선 위치에서의 방사선량을 전자 피폭선량계 (Personal Electronic Dosimeters-Intrinsically Safe [PED-IS]; Tracerco Ltd., Billingham, UK)로 측정하였다. 완전히 개방된 조사야 대비 20% 축소 조절된 조사야의 선량감소율은 영상증배관 방식과 평판형 검출기 방식에서 각각 평균 41.18%, 27.97%였으며, 40% 축소 조절 된 조사야의 선량감소율은 각각 75.61%, 47.64%였다. 결과적으로 척추의 해부학적 위치와 수술부위 확인을 위한 수술 초기의 최소한의 조사야 조절은 20%이며, 조사야의 중심과 수술부위가 정확하게 일치했을 때 40%의 최적의 조사야로 조절하여 검사하는 것을 권장한다. C-arm is essential in general surgery, and the risk of radiation dose to the medical staff has been consistently considered significant due to increased surgical cases and increased complexity of surgery. It has already been widely recognized through many prior studies that reducing collimation size has significant benefits in reducing radiation dose. In this study, we would like to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing exposure dose for patients and medical staff while reducing the collimation of c-arm by 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, and propose an optimal collimation size. To create the most similar environment to the clinical case, the dummy phantom (Whole-body Phantom PBU60; Kyoto Kagaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan) was used. To assume exposure dose to the whole body, radiation doses at the thyroid and genital locations were measured using the Personal Electronic Dosimeters-Intrinsically Safe [PED-IS]; Tracerco Ltd., Billingham, UK. The average dose reduction rate for collimation, which is 20% reduced compared to non-collimation, was 41.18% in the Image intensifier type and 27.97% in the Flat panel detector type. The average dose reduction rate for the 40% reduced irradiation field was 75.61% for the Image intensifier type and 47.64% for the flat panel detector type. As a result, the minimal initial collimation to determine the anatomical location of the spine and the location of the surgical site is 20% reduced compared to non-collimation, It is recommended to examine with 40% reduced collimation compared to non-collimation, which is the optimal collimation, when the center of the field and the surgical site match exactly.