귀비탕가감방(歸脾湯加減方)이 구속 Stress 유발 백서(白鼠)에 미치는 영향

김기현,장규태,김장현,권혁란,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Chang, Gyu-Tae,Kim, Jang-Hyun,Kwon, Hyuk-Ran 대한한방소아과학회 2005 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the anti-stress and protective-memory effect of Quibitanggagam(QBT) on stress of rats Methods : This experimental study was conducted with elevated plus maze test, passive avoidance test, morris water maze test, and consequently density of AchE reactivity in the CA1 of hippocampus to research the learning and memory of rats affected by restraint stress, Results: Passive avoidance test revealed that time latency of retention test for QBT+Stress group significantly decreased on 2, 3rd day. Morris water maze revealed that acqusitive ability of QBT+Stress group significantly improved on 2, 3rd day and retentive ability of QBT+Stress group was significantly improved on 7th day. Elevated plus maze test revealed that latency in open arm of QBT+Stress group significantly decreased and locomotor activity(number of entered arm) of QBT+Stress group was significantly increased. The values of density of AchE stained nuclei in the CA1 of hippocampus QBT+Stress group was significantly increased compared with SAL+Stress group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is concluded that QBT will be useful as a remedy against stress disease and improving memory.

한국 황해지역의 DMS 분포특성에 대한 연구 - 덕적도를 중심으로

김기현,김지영,송기범,김나영,이강웅,배귀남,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Ji-Young,Song, Ki-Bum,Kim, Na-Young,Lee, Gang-Woong,Bae, Gwi-Nam 한국지구과학회 2000 한국지구과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

황해지역에서 생성 및 배출되는 자연황화합물의 규모를 정량적으로 구명하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 본 연구진은 황해에 위치한 덕적도를 주 측정점으로 설정하고 대기 중에 존재하는 DMS의 농도분포를 1999년 4월과 9월 2차례의 집중측정기간을 통해 측정하였다. 그리고 이에 덧붙여 1999년 6월에는 청도-인천간 해상실험을 통해 황해상의 DMS 농도를 측정하였다. 덕적도를 중심으로 시행한 양 측정기간 중 DMS의 농도값은 4월 측정의 경우 평균과 표준오차가 $24.0{\pm}40.5$ pptv(n=40)인데 반해 9월 측정의 경우 $61.1{\pm}37.9$ pptv(n=35)로 나타났다. 그리고 선상실험에서 측정한 DMS 값은 대체로 배경농도에 가까운 낮은 농도범위를 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌다. DMS의 농도분포는 일반적으로 불규칙한 양상을 보였지만, 주변 기상인자의 변화경향과 유사하게 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 본문에서는 이러한 연구결과와 기존의 연구결과 등을 연계하여 잠정적인 연간 배출량규모를 4Gg 대로 추정하였다. 이러한 배출규모는 과거 제주지역 등을 중심으로 측정한 결과에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 수치인데, 시간적 및 공간적으로 대표성이 강한 보다 객관적인 배출량을 산정하기 위해서는 추가적인 측정 자료의 축적이 요구된다. This study was performed to accumulate database for natural sulfur emissions in the Yellow Sea region of Korea. The atmospheric concentrations of dimethylsulfide(DMS) were measured during two intensive field experiments (April and September 1999) from Duk-Juk Island located in the Yellow Sea. Ship-measurement of DMS was made additionally between Chungdo(China) and Inchun(Korea) across the Yellow Sea during June 1999. The mean(and ISD) of DMS concentrations in Duk-Juk Island during two field campaigns was $24.0{\pm}40.5$(n=40, April) and $61.1{\pm}37.9$ pptv(n=35, September), respectively. The atmospheric DMS measured from ship experiments was generally low and close to the background concentrations in the open sea area. The temporal distributions of DMS concentration were complicated in some sense but comparable to those of ambient meteorological parameters. On the basis of our measurements of atmospheric DMS(and evidence found from previous studies), the sea-to-air flux of DMS in the Yellow Sea is estimated to be about 4Gg S/yr. This amount of natural S emissions is relatively lower than the estimates derived for Cheju Island. Therefore, additional experiments may be desperate to derive more reliable figures for natural sulfur emissions in the Yellow Sea region.

중금속의 토양 오염: 한국중부지역의 농경지를 중심으로

김기현,김세현,최영천,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Se-Hyun,Choi, Young-Cheon 대한자원환경지질학회 1996 자원환경지질 Vol.29 No.6

To assess soil distribution patterns of heavy metals in agricultural environments, we have measured the concentrations of six metals from surficial soils of three different groups divided on the basis of the surrounding environment: (1) soil group I-cultivated soils within the purely agricultural regions, (2) soil group II-both cultivated and uncultivated soils near various livelihood facilities, and (3) soil group III-mainly cultivated soils near major polluting sources. The mean concentrations for the three soil groups were found in the range as follows: 0.12~0.15 (Cd), 4.94~6.08 (Pb), 0.05~0.11 (Hg), 2.82~3.50 (Cu), 4.69~7.82 (Zn), and 0.36~0.78 (As) ppm. Examination of data distribution trends indicates that the concentrations determined from the relatively unpolluted soil environs (groups I and II) were comparable not only between each other but also with those reported previously in background soil environs of Korea. The concentration data for the soil group III were however found to be much higher than the rest two groups. Unlike the direct comparison of the magnitudes of concentrations, results of a regression analysis exhibited much different patterns: it was seen that the correlation patterns for soil group I were rather analogous to those of soil group III. The similarities in correlation patterns between groups I and III along with the lack of correlations in soil group II suggest that soil characteristics such as whether being cultivated or not are important factors affecting soil distributions of heavy metals.

유문사친(儒門事親)에 나타난 소아(小兒)와 관련된 이론(理論)과 치법(治法)에 대한 고찰(考察)

김기현,장규태,김장현,정우병,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Chang, Gyu-Tae,Kim, Jang-Hyun,Jung, Wu-Byung 대한한방소아과학회 2005 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Objective : Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) was compiled by Zhang Zi Huo(張子和) of the Jin(金) Dynasty of China. He invented unique medical theory and treatment such as three excretive methods(perspiratory, vomitory and purgative therapy). The aim of this study was to make the best use of the therapeutic theory of Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) connected with pediatrics. Methods: We conducted literature search in detail for contents of Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) and reviewed various kinds of books. Results : Zhang Zi Huo(張子和) recognized that children had pure-yang bodies(純陽之體) and emphasized that children need to prevent heat-stagnation(鬱熱) and asthenic yin(損陰). He instructed that a principle of raising such as wearing thin clothes, eating fresh food, harboring little desire and little anger, and taking temperate medicine. He described that pathogenic factors were mistake of rearing, misuse of medicine, exogenous factor, and excessive emotion. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is concluded that his therapeutic theory should be used at present.

임신돈 사료 내 만삼추출분말의 첨가 급여가 모돈과 자돈의 생산성 및 면역력에 미치는 영향

김기현,김광식,김조은,정현정,이성대,사수진,홍준기,허태영,박준철,김영화,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Kwang-Sik,Kim, Jo-Eun,Jung, Hyun-Jung,Lee, Sung-Dae,Sa, Soo-Jin,Hong, Joon-Ki,Hur, Tai-Young,Park, Jun-Cheol,Kim, Young-Hwa 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 만삼추출분말의 모돈 사료 내 첨가급여가 모돈 및 자돈에 있어서 면역력과 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 20두의 F1 임신돈(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire)을 옥수수와 대두박을 기초로 하는 임신돈 기초사료 급여구와 만삼추출분말 0.5% 첨가 급여구로 나누어 각각 10두씩 배치하여 공시동물로 이용하였다. 실험사료를 분만예정일 40일 전부터 분만 후 이유 시(25일)까지 급여하였다. 만삼은 항산화 효과와 더불어 면역증강 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있어, 모돈 사료 내 만삼추출분말의 급여는 모돈의 면역능력을 증강시켜 결과적으로 자돈의 면역력 상승효과를 가져올 것으로 예상하였다. 또한 면역력 상승에 따른 보상효과로 자돈의 생산성 및 성장 촉진을 기대하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서는 만삼추출분말의 첨가급여가 모돈 및 자돈에 있어서 면역력과 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 초유 내 IgG 함량과 자돈 혈액 내 IgG 함량 사이의 상관관계는 유의적이지는 않았지만, 양의 상관관계(correlation coefficient, 0.435 P=0.102)를 나타내어, 초유 내면역력의 상승은 자돈에 이로운 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 면역항진 기능을 가진 만삼추출분말의 생리활성 물질은 임신 모돈의 생체 내에서 충분한 면역촉진효과를 나타내지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 면역증강제로써 임신돈 사료 내 만삼추출분말의 이용 가능성을 평가하기 위해서는, 만삼추출분말 내 생리활성 물질의 생체내 대사 메커니즘과 작용기전을 검토할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다. The Codonopsis pilosula is traditional oriental herb associated with immune-modulatory functions and has anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidative activity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Codonopsis pilosula extract powder (CEP) on the immunity and productivity in sows and piglets. A total of 20 pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments, which was given a corn-soybean meal diet with 0% and 0.5% CEP from 40 days prepartum to weaning (25 days postpartum). The immune system of piglets was expected to build up, because the feeding of CEP might increase the colostrum contents in sows. We also predicted that the growth performance of piglets also could be increased by some compensation effects due to the increased immunity of piglets. In results, immunities of sows and piglets as well as growth performance of piglets were not affected by the supplementation of CEP. The correlation between the colostrum and the serum on the IgG contents tended to have a positive correlation, although there was no significant (coefficient, 0.435; P=0.102). This result suggests that the supplementation of CEP may increase IgG contents in sows and piglets and contribute to improve immunity of piglets. In conclusion, it is thought that the physiologically active substances of CEP did not influence to the immune synergic effects in vivo of sows. Thus, the metabolic and action mechanism of the physiologically active substances of CEP should be explored to evaluate the availability of CEP as a feed additive for the immunomodulator.

JFET 영역의 이중이온 주입법을 이용한 Power MOSFET의 온저항 특성에 관한 연구

김기현,김정한,박태수,정은식,양창헌,Kim, Ki Hyun,Kim, Jeong Han,Park, Tae-Su,Jung, Eun-Sik,Yang, Chang Heon 한국전기전자재료학회 2015 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.28 No.4

Device model parameters are very important for accurate estimation of electrical performances in devices, integrated circuits and their systems. There are a large number of methods for extraction of model parameters in power MOSFETs. For high efficiency, design is important considerations of a power MOSFET with high-voltage applications in consumer electronics. Meanwhile, it was proposed that the efficiency of a MOSFET can be enhanced by conducting JFET region double implant to reduce the On-resistance of the transistor. This paper reports the effects of JFET region double implant on the electrical properties and the decreasing On-resistance of the MOSFET. Experimental results show that the 1st JFET region implant diffuse can enhance the On-resistance by decreasing the ion concentration due to the surface and reduce the On-resistance by implanting the 2nd Phosphorus to the surface JFET region.

저가의 cryogenic milling 비진공법을 이용한 나노입자 CuInSe₂ 광흡수층 제조

김기현,박병옥,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Park, Byung-Ok 한국결정성장학회 2013 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

$CuInSe_2$(CIS) chalcopyrite 물질은 고효율 박막 태양전지를 위한 광흡수층의 물질로 매우 잘 알려져 있다. 최근 태양광 산업의 흐름은 안정적인 재료 개발과 가격 경쟁력 있는 태양전지를 위한 효율적인 제조 공정을 일치시키는 것이다. 저가의 CIS 광흡수층 위해 다양한 방법으로 제조를 시도하였고, 본 논문에서는 CIS 광흡수층을 저가형으로 제조를 위해 상용화되는 6 mm pieces를 사용하여 high frequency ball milling과 cryogenic milling을 이용해 CIS 나노입자를 얻었다. 그리고, CIS 광흡수층은 불활성 분위기의 glove box 안에서 milling된 나노입자를 사용하여 paste coating법으로 제조하였다. Chalcopyrite CIS 박막은 기판온도 550도에서 30분간 셀렌화 한 후 성공적으로 제조되었으며, Al/ZnO/CdS/CIS/Mo 구조의 CIS 태양전지는 evaporation, sputtering 및 chemical bath deposition(CBD) 등 다양한 증착 방법으로 각각 제조하였다. 결론적으로, 나노입자를 이용한 CIS 태양전지 전기적 변환효율은 1.74 %를 얻었으며, 개방전압(Voc)는 29 mV, 합선전류밀도(Jsc)는 35 $mA/cm^2$, 그리고 충진율(FF)은 17.2 %였다. 나노입자 CIS 광흡수층은 energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), x-ray diffraction(XRD) 그리고 high-resolution scanning electron microscopy(HRSEM) 등으로 특성 분석을 하였다. Chalcopyrite material $CuInSe_2$ (CIS) is known to be a very prominent absorber layer for high efficiency thin film solar cells. Current interest in the photovoltaic industry is to identify and develop more suitable materials and processes for the fabrication of efficient and cost-effective solar cells. Various processes have been being tried for making a low cost CIS absorber layer, this study obtained the CIS nanoparticles using commercial powder of 6 mm pieces for low cost CIS absorber layer by high frequency ball milling and cryogenic milling. And the CIS absorber layer was prepared by paste coating using milled-CIS nanoparticles in glove box under inert atmosphere. The chalcopyrite $CuInSe_2$ thin films were successfully made after selenization at the substrate temperature of $550^{\circ}C$ in 30 min, CIS solar cell of Al/ZnO/CdS/CIS/Mo structure prepared under various deposition process such as evaporation, sputtering and chemical vapor deposition respectively. Finally, we achieved CIS nanoparticles solar cell of electric efficient 1.74 % of Voc 29 mV, Jsc 35 $mA/cm^2$ FF 17.2 %. The CIS nanoparticles-based absorber layers were characterized by using EDS, XRD and HRSEM.

HEVC를 위한 저면적 고성능 다중 모드 1D 변환 블록 설계

김기현,류광기,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Ryoo, Kwang-Ki 한국정보통신학회 2014 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문에서는 연산 시간이 긴 곱셈기 패스를 낮은 주파수에서 동작하는 저면적의 HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding)용 다중 모드 일차원 변환 블록을 구현하는 효율적인 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법은 전체 면적을 줄이기 위하여 일반적인 변수와 변수를 입력으로 받는 곱셈기 대신 행렬의 계수 특성을 이용한 상수와 변수를 입력으로 받는 상수 곱셈기를 사용하였다. 상수 곱셈기 사용으로 인하여 전체적인 처리량을 증가시켰으며 늘어난 처리량으로 인해 남는 동작 사이클을 이용하여 연산시간이 많이 걸리는 곱셈기 부분에 멀티 사이클 패스를 구성하여 곱셈기의 동작 주파수를 낮게 하면서 전체 연산량은 유지시켰다. TSMC 0.18um CMOS 공정 라이브러리를 이용하여 실제 하드웨어를 구현한 결과 4k($3840{\times}2160$) 영상을 기준으로 최소 동작 주파수는 186MHz이고 최대 동작 주파수는 300MHz이다. This paper suggest an effective idea to implement an low area multi-mode one dimension transform block of HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding). The time consuming multiplier path is designed to operate on low frequency. Normal multipliers dealing with variable operands are replaced with smaller constant multipliers which do the product with constant coefficient and variable only using shifters and adders. This scheme increases total multiplier counts but entire areas are reduced owing to smaller area of constant multiplier. Idle cycles caused by doubled multipliers enable to use multi-cycle paths on the cycle eating multiplier data path. Operating frequency is lowered by multi-cycle path but total throughput is maintained. This structure is implemented with TSMC 0.18 CMOS process library, and operated on 186MHz frequency to process a 4k($3840{\times}2160$) image. Max operating frequency is 300MHz.

확산과 이송을 고려한 콘크리트의 염소이온 침투해석

김기현,차수원,정형목,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Cha, Soo-Won,Jung, Hyung-Mok 한국전산구조공학회 2009 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.6

Analysis of chloride penetration into concrete is performed considering the repeated wetting and drying conditions of tidal zone, by means of the developed finite element program which enables the diffusion-convection analysis to be conducted. Heat conduction and moisture diffusion are also included in the finite element analysis program in order that their effects to chloride penetration may be considered. For the efficiency of calculation, the analyses of temperature, relative humidity and free chloride concentration are conducted successively in that order, by treating the convection of chloride due to moisture diffusion as an source or sink term. By comparing the analysis result from finite element analysis, where main variable is a wetting and drying period, with the chloride profiles from ACI Life-365 method, it is shown that the Life-365 method gives an accurate result for the submerged zone but does not consider the differences of wetting and drying period. To obtain an accurate chloride profile in the tidal zone, it is confirmed that the diffusion-convection finite element analysis should be applied. 본 논문에서는 염소이온의 확산과 이송해석이 가능한 유한요소해석 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 해양 간만대의 건습 반복 조건을 고려하여 염소이온 침투해석을 수행하였다. 염소이온 침투에 영향을 미치는 열과 수분의 전달을 동시에 고려하였으며, 특히 염소이온 이송을 생성항 또는 소멸항으로 처리하여 온도, 상대습도, 염소이온농도를 순차적으로 풀 수 있도록 하였다. 건습 반복 주기를 변수로 한 유한요소해석 결과와 ACI Life-365방법에 의한 침투 프로파일의 비교를 통하여, Life-365 방법은 해중에서의 염소이온 침투에 대해서는 정확한 결과를 주지만 간만대의 해석결과는 건습 주기의 영향을 고려하지 못하는 것을 확인하였다. 실제 해양 콘크리트는 다양한 건습 주기의 간만대 환경에 노출되어 있으므로, 정밀한 염소 이온 침투해석을 위해서는 확산-이송 해석을 수행해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

노후 공동주택 리모델링의 경제성을 고려한 친환경 실내 마감재료 선정 방안

김기현,김경래,황영규,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Kyung-Rai,Hwang, Young-Gyu 한국건설관리학회 2008 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.9 No.4

최근 주택성능등급표시제, 친환경건축물인증제도 등 실내공기질에 관련한 제도가 생겨나고 공동주택 거주자 또한 실내공기 질에 대한 인식을 새롭게 하고 있다. 이러한 시대적 흐름에 발맞추어 최근 신축되거나 리모델링 되는 공동주택에는 친환경 실내마감재료가 적용되고 있다. 하지만, 친환경 실내 마감재료는 일반재료에 비해 그 가격이 고가이며, 분양가 상승을 야기한다. 또한 친환경 마감재료 적용으로 인한 분양가 상승은 거주자로 하여금 경제적 부담을 가중시키게 된다. 따라서 실내 마감공법 별로 적용되는 모든 주재료 및 부 재료에 대해서 친환경성과 경제성을 복합적으로 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 노후 공동주택 리모델링 마감공사 시 환경적인 요인, 경제적인 요인을 복합적으로 고려하여 효율적인 실내 마감재료를 선정하는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. "Eco-friendly construction" is an emerging issue in the building industry. Main purpose of the eco-friendly construction is to sustain the health and environment of building residents and to minimize the harmful effect on their environment. Apartment residents have great concern on eco-product, since many cases are reported that Sick Building Syndrome is caused by toxic substance from building materials. Environmental performance is to meet through using the highest grade eco-friendly materials. However, generally eco-friendly materials are more expensive than normal materials, Therefore, using eco-friendly materials at public housing project is limited to economical aspect. The purpose of this paper is development of eco-friendly material selection model considered cost efficiency. The selection of Eco-friendly finishing materials and their methods are constructed to consider environmental performance level and cost index compositively. Development of eco-friendly material selection method is economic and reasonable one when public housing is constructed.