척수손상 환자에 대한 전기자극 인공사정의 초기 경험

강일규,조명관,오충환,문영태,김세철,최종한,Kang, Il-Gyu,Cho, Myoung-Kwan,Oh, Chung-Hwan,Moon, Young-Tae,Kim, Sae-Chul,Choi, Jong-Han 대한생식의학회 1992 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.19 No.1

From December 1991 to March 1992, 34 anejacuratory patients with spinal cord injury underwent 90 of electric stimulations with Seager NRH model 12. The average patient age was 43.5 years with a range of 23 to 48 years. The level of cord injury was cervical in 7, thoracic in 6, lumbar in 11, lumbosacral in 7 and conus medullaris in 3. The average number of electric stimulation per a patient was 2.65 with a range of 1 to 4. The average voltage and amplitude per a stimulation were 17.72 volts and 309. 89 mAmp with ranges of 5 to 25 volts and 50 to 500 mAmp. The total and motile sperm number were evaluated microscopically and analyzed statistically by paired t-test according to the frequency of electroejaculation, level of cord injury and voiding pattern. The results were obtained as follows. 1. An overall success rate of electroejaculation was 85.3% among 34 patients and 82.2% among 90 electric stimulations. 2. The total and motile sperm number per a stimulation were not correlated the frequency of electric stimulation, level of cord injury and voiding pattern. 3. Complications occured in 10 cases; severe low abdominal pain in 5, hypertension in 2, sweating in 1, headache in 1 and neck stiffness in 1. All the copmlications subsided spontaneously within 5 to 10 minutes after transient interruption of the electric stimulation. In summary, rectal probe electroejaculation is an accepted safe means of procuring sperm from spinal cord injury patients with ejaculatory incompetence. However very poor sperm motility was found and it was not related with the frequency of electroejaculation, level of cord injury and voiding pattern. Further investigation would be needed to conclude and to identify the reasons for impaired sperm motility.

View on North Korea’s Human Resources Development(HRD) Measures from the Perspective of the Cooperative Support

강일규(Kang, Il-gyu) 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2021 인문사회과학연구 Vol.64 No.4

남북한 관계는 분단 이후 많은 변화가 있었고, 앞으로 새로운 환경 변화에 따라 상호 긍정적인 방향의 교류 협력이 필요하다. 이런 차원에서, 본 연구는 정부 혹은 지역간 교류 협력과 지원의 관점에서 북한의 인적자원개발 분야에 대한 우리의 지원 협력에 대한 방안을 제안하였다. 남북한은 분단 이후 많은 충돌이 있었지만, 우리의 지속적인 교류협력 정책으로 다양한 분야에서 지원 협력이 이루어졌다. 특히 남북한 간 경제협력에서 인적자원분야의 중요성이 강조되는데, 이는 우리의 자본과 기술을 북한의 인력 활용과 연계하여 상호 경제적 이득을 얻을 수 있고, 동시에 다른 분야에 대한 파급 효과도 기대되기 때문이다. 이러한 측면에서 북한의 인적자원개발 분야에 대한 지원 협력은 북한 인력의 노동생산성 제고 및 북한 주민의 직업능력개발에 매우 중요하고 시급한 과제라고 볼 수 있다. 본고는 이를 인식하면서 북한에 대한 지원 협력의 논리적 배경과 환경 변화를 살펴보고, 북한의 인적자원개발 실태와 우리의 지원 현황 및 시사점을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 협력적 지원 차원의 기본방향과 전략 및 지원 협력의 과제와 다각적인 방안을 제시하면서 정책적인 제언을 하였다. 이제 남북 관계는 기존의 심각한 대립과 갈등의 시기에서 새로운 관계설정과 협력의 시대로 접어들 필요가 있다. 특히 남북한 간 다양한 분야의 교류 협력이 필요하고, 단기적으로 북한에 대한 지원 협력이 중요하며, 중장기적으로 교류와 협력을 통한 한반도의 평화와 번영의 청사진이 필요하다. This study introduces measures designed to increase exchanges and cooperation in the field of HRD amidst the ongoing changes in inter-Korean ties. At the current level of inter-Korean exchanges, it is hard to expect improvement in the field of human resource development. The priority in terms of the provision of support and cooperation with North Korea in the HRD field, should be given to the mitigation of economic difficulties and the increase of mutual benefits. In addition, the processes of support and cooperation should be approached from the long-term standpoint of a unified Korea. Furthermore, all of this should be implemented for the long-term goal of mutual prosperity.

中國 地方 省級政府 行政體制의 特性에 관한 考察

강일규(Kang il-gyu) 서울행정학회 2001 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.12 No.3

This research examines the structural and institutional characteristics of the province-level local government in China. At first. this study inquires the evolution of the provincial government in the retrospect. And it analyses the administrative organizations and functions of the provincial government and the relationships with the central government. As a result of this research following facts can be found. 1. The provinces have deep historical and cultural traditions. And they have been changed throughout centuries and become key level authorities in Chinese government nowadays. 2. The province comprises a complex organization and carries out relatively various activities. 3. The province is the highest level in the local government. And the officials with the local legislative power have run the provincial governments. 4. The provincial governments have acknowledged their responsibilities for reforms in local governments and have made sustained efforts to reform their roles and functions. 5. The one of the main functions of the provincial governments is to coordinate problems among local governments. 6. The province is presented obligations and controlled by the central authorities. So the provincial governments have two similar systems to fulfill the central governmental policies and to suit their own particular needs in one system. 7. The structures and functions of the governments of the provincial governments are so expanded and needed further reforms. The Chinese provincial governments have different characteristics from each province. So there should be following studies on the each provincial governments.

지방정부의 인적자원개발 기능 강화를 위한 조직 및 운영체제 개선 방안 연구

강일규(Kang Il-Gyu) 서울행정학회 2004 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of role of local governments in developing their own human resources and to propose some developmental strategies. Since the implementation of local autonomy in South Korea, the local government has been still dependent upon the central government and far from the decentralization in many sectors including the development of human resources. The local government has not succeeded to meet its needs to provide the strategies for the local peoples to improve their work lives. This could be partly caused by the point that the human resources development policies have some centralized-oriented principles and practices. The main reason of failure of most local governments in dealing with human resource development is lack of career experts in their own organization. This causes consequently organizational deficiency and functional disability of local governments. The local government should realize the importance of local human resources to cope with the changing local economy and market. And then it must attain the financial independence, which means to control over the sources of its revenues, for the investment to develope the local human resources. The local government also needs to employ the experts to deal with the development of the resources. Furthermore, the local association should introduce and operate a system under which the local organizations could cooperate each other for the human resources development. With the transfer of the power and budget spending, the central government should support the local government. But more important thing than those external policy efforts is the internal reform effort of local governments themselves. Local governments must undertake more active role in human resource development. At the same time, a new local governance system should be institutionalized to incorporate various local demands in many sectors.

한중 양국 전문대학의 산업인력 양성 및 활용을 위한 교류 협력 모형과 방안

강일규 ( Kang Il Gyu ) 국민대학교 중국지식네트워크 2018 중국지식네트워크 Vol.12 No.-

본 연구는 한중 양국의 고등전문교육기관인 전문대학 수준의 고등직업 교육에 대한 수요에 맞추어 양국의 전문대학 간 상호 교류 협력을 통해 공동 인력 양성 및 활용 모형을 개발하고, 이를 바탕으로 양국의 고등직업 교육기관인 전문대학 간 실질적인 인력 양성과 활용 방안을 모색하였다. 주요 내용은 선행 연구 중심의 이론적 배경으로 국가 간 인력 양성 관련 법적 근거, 관련 제도 및 수준별 유형 등을 검토하였다. 다음으로 시스템 이론에 근거하여 한중 양국의 고등직업교육기관인 전문대학 수준의 인력 양성 교류협력 모형을 제시하고, 방안에 대한 전략을 제시하였다. 또한 모형에 따른 주요 방안을 제시하여 양국 간 산업인력 양성 및 활용 방안 모색에 활용하였다. 연구 결과 시사점으로 우선, 기본적으로 양국은 고등직업교육기관인 전문대학 간 인력 양성 및 활용의 중요성과 필요성에 대한 인식을 갖자는 것이다. 다음으로 양국의 전문대학은 실질적인 공동 인력 양성 과정을 개발하자는 것이다. 또한 양국 간 공동 인력 양성 활용 프로그램의 특성화 전략이 필요하며, 이러한 전략 추진은 점진적으로 추진하여 상호 신뢰 구축과 성공 사례 창출이 필요하다. 마지막으로 이런 성과를 바탕으로 양국이 공동으로 동남아 등 다른 국가로 확대하는 방안을 제안하였다. This study aims to design models for common human resources development and utilization to meet the demand for higher vocational education in Korea and China. The common development models can be established with exchanges and cooperation between their higher vocational education institutes. The study also seeks how to apply the models in their institutes to gain substantial results. Theoretical backgrounds were discussed by reviewing the literature. From the discussion, the study gained new perspective for this study. The study analyzed current situations of the higher vocational education institutes in Korea and China. Based on the results of the analysis, the study explored special features of the situations and directions for this study. The study utilizes the features and directions for human resources development and its application between the two countries. The study also assembled expert opinion in this field. It examined the past discussions and the case studies in the area of the international exchanges for human resources development. From the opinion collection and the examination, the study found the implications for this study. The study concluded that we need to recognize the importance and necessity of the common human resources development at the higher vocational education institutes in Korea and China. The study proposed to create programs for practical common human resources development and to apply the programs to the higher vocational education institutes of the two nations. The programs need to be supported by specialization strategies. The strategies should be implemented progressively to build up mutual trust between the institutes and to produce successful cases. The study suggested that Korea and China can work together in the region such as Southeast Asia with these results.

2014.21.1.21폐쇄성수면무호흡증과 단순코골이 환자의 성격 특성 : 예비연구

강재명,강승걸,이유진,정주현,강일규,황희영,김지언,이헌정,신승헌,박기형,김선태,Kang, Jae Myeong,Kang, Seung-Gul,Lee, Yu Jin,Jeong, Joo Hyun,Kang, Il Gyu,Hwang, Hee Young,Kim, Ji-Eun,Lee, Heon-Jeong,Shin, Seung-Heon,Park, Kee Hyung,Kim, 대한수면의학회 2014 수면·정신생리 Vol.21 No.1

목 적: 폐쇄성무호흡증(Obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)과 단순코골이(simple snoring) 환자들의 성격적 특성에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정으로, 본 연구에서는 아이젱크 성격검사(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, EPQ)를 사용하여 OSA와 단순코골이 환자들의 성격적 특성과 차이를 연구하였다. 방 법: OSA나 단순코골이가 의심되는 237명의 피험자들이 연구에 포함되었다. 모든 피험자들은 EPQ 등의 설문 검사를 받았고, 수면다원검사실에서 야간수면다원검사를 시행하였다. 무호흡저호흡지수(Apnea-Hypopnea Index, AHI) 5 이상은 OSA, 5 미만은 단순코골이로 분류되었다. 결 과: OSA군은 단순코골이군에 비해 정신병적 경향성(Psychoticism)에서 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다(F=4.563, p=0.034). 기타 외향성-내향성(Extraversion, F=3.029, p=0.083), 허위성(Lie, F=0.398, p=0.529), 신경증적 경향성(Neuroticism, F=3.367, p=0.068)에서는 OSA군과 단순코골이 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. OSA군 내에서 시행한 상관분석결과 AHI가 높을수록 외향성(r=0.16, p=0.029)이 높았고, 허위성(r=-0.31, p<0.001)이 낮았다. OSA군에서 EPQ의 네 가지 척도를 종속변인으로 설정한 다중회귀분석 결과, 허위성은 나이가 많고(B=0.14, p<0.001), AHI가 낮을수록(B=-0.05, p<0.001) 증가하였다. 정신병적 경향성은 피츠버그 수면질 설문(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)이 높을수록(B=0.14, p<0.001), 신경증적 경향성은 PSQI가 높고(B=0.34, p=0.001), 여성인 경우(B=3.15, p=0.003) 증가하였다. 외향성은 나이가 적고(B=-0.08, p=0.020), 체질량지수(body mass index)가 높을수록(B=0.26, p=0.023) 증가하였다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과는 OSA 환자들이 단순코골이 환자들에 비해 유의하게 정신병적 경향성이 낮음을 보여주었다. OSA군 내에서는 AHI가 높을수록, 허위성이 낮고 외향성이 높은 경향을 보였다. Objective: Few studies have evaluated the personality characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and simple snoring. We investigated the personality characteristics of OSA and simple snoring patients and compared differences in personality between the two groups using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven patients who were suspected to have OSA or simple snoring participated in this study. A self-questionnaire which included the EPQ was administered to all participants. All subjects underwent polysomnography in a sleep laboratory and those with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$ were included in the OSA group, while those with an AHI <5 were included in the simple snoring group. Results: OSA patients had significantly lower scores for Psychoticism (F=4.563, p=0.034) than simple snorers. There were no significant differences in Extraversion (F=3.029, p=0.083), Lie (F=0.398, p=0.529), or Neuroticism (F=3.367, p=0.068) scores between the two groups. In the correlation analysis of the OSA group, AHI was positively correlated with Extraversion score (r= 0.16, p=0.029) and negatively correlated with Lie score (B=-0.31, p<0.001). Using multiple stepwise linear regression analysis with the four EPQ parameter scores as dependent variables, Lie score was associated with older age (B=0.14, p<0.001) and lower AHI (B=-0.05, p<0.001), Psychoticism score was associated with higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI ; B=0.14, p<0.001), Neuroticism score was associated with higher PSQI (B=0.34, p=0.001) and female sex (B=3.15, p=0.003), and Extraversion score was associated with younger age (B=-0.08, p=0.020) and higher body mass index (B=0.26, p=0.023). Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with OSA are significantly less prone to psychotic personality characteristics than those with simple snoring. Among OSA patients, higher AHI was correlated with low falsehood and high extraversion tendencies.

일자리 지원사업의 경제적 효과 분석 - 사회서비스분야를 중심으로

배기형(Bae Ki Hyung),강일규(Kang Il Gyu) 한국국정관리학회 2006 현대사회와 행정 Vol.16 No.2

  본 연구는 정부의 일자리 지원사업의 경제적 효과를 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해서 본 연구는 한국은행의 산업 연관표를 이용하여 정부가 일자리 창출 중 가장 역점을 두고 있는 사회 서비스 분야를 산업연관표의 대분류 중 공공행정 및 국방 그리고 교육 및 보건 부문을 사회 서비스 분야로 분류하고, 일자리 지원 사업 산업 연관표를 작성하여 이의 경제적 효과를 분석하였다.<BR>  분석 결과 일자리 지원사업의 경제적 파급효과를 정리하면 우선, 일자리 지원사업의 투입계수는 0.013으로 제조업에 비하여 다소 높은 값을 보였으며, 일자리 지원사업의 영향력 계수는 0.0002로서 일자리 지원사업의 수요변화가 타 산업들의 수요변화에 많은 영향을 미치지 못하고, 감응도 계수도 .0.0288로 전반적으로 낮아 타 산업의 최종수요 변화에 민감하게 반응하지 않는다는 것으로 나타났다. 일자리 지원 사업(사회 서비스)의 생산유발효과는 8,342억원, 부가가치유발효과는 3,322억 원, 소득 유발효과는 1,216억 원 그리고 수입유발 효과는 908억 원이 발생하였다. 그리고 취업유발효과는 852,531명, 고용유발효과는 476.167명으로 나타났다.

폐쇄성수면무호흡증 의심환자에서 무호흡저호흡지수에 영향을 주는 임상적 신체적 요인 : 예비연구

강승걸,신승헌,이유진,정주현,강일규,박인숙,김찬우,예미경,황희영,김선태,박기형,김지언,Kang, Seung-Gul,Shin, Seung-Heon,Lee, Yu Jin,Jung, Joo Hyun,Kang, Il Gyu,Park, Insook,Kim, Peter Chanwoo,Ye, Mi Kyung,Hwang, Hee Young,Kim, Seon Tae,Par 대한생물정신의학회 2013 생물정신의학 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the influential clinical and physical characteristics which affect apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods We evaluated the comprehensive factors including sleep related symptoms, clinical scales, medical history, substance use, and anthropometric data of the 119 participants who complained of the symptoms of OSA. All the participants underwent attended-full night laboratory polysomnography. The correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted to find the influential and predictive factors of AHI. Results A multiple linear regression model 1 showed that higher AHI was associated with higher body mass index (BMI)(p < 0.001) and higher frequency of observed apnea (p = 0.002). In multiple linear regression model 2, AHI was associated with higher BMI (p < 0.001) and loudness of snoring (p = 0.018). Conclusions The present preliminary results suggest that BMI and observed apnea are most influential factors that affect AHI in suspected OSA patients. In the future study we will design the prediction formula for the OSA and AHI, which is useful in the clinical medical field.

中國 特色의 社會保障체제 改革에 관한 考察

강일규,송봉규 한국직업능력개발원 2001 직업능력개발연구 Vol.4 No.2

This study examines changes in social security and welfare system since the implementation of the reform and open-up policy in China. The Chinese government has pushed reforms in social security and welfare aspects. Its efforts has brought considerable successes. First of all, one of them is the strong consciousness in social security reform. The Chinese society reached consensus on that there has been deficiency and defect in traditional social security system provided by the government, state-owned enterprises and rural communities. And they also realized that the reforms in social security should be taken urgently. China has been successfully upheld policy for reforms in social security systems with Chinese characteristics. Is doesn't reach its goal yet. But It has sustained reforms maintaining Chinese cultural and traditional characteristics. In the past, equity was the top priority in Chinese social security. Now new reform policy aims at efficiency as well as equity. Adapting efficiency principle is considered as a kind of measure to keep up with the open market economy and social developments. China has been made efforts to legislate reform initiatives for systematic control in social security. Those efforts give the expectations of profound reforms in social security in the future. But there are important principles that Chinese government should consider in implementing reforms. Those are the basic functions of the social security system. First, it is the security. Society should provide benefits that cover those who are in strained circumstances. Second, it is the universality. Society offer social benefits every individual in need regardless of region, occupation and other differences. Third, it is the equity. Social security is a mechanism of equal allocation. So society should give its members equal opportunities and rights to access social security system. When these principles are maintained, social security reform could success.

중국의 실업문제와 정부의 역할

강일규,송봉규 한국직업능력개발원 2001 직업능력개발연구 Vol.4 No.1

This study is intended to give a view of Chinese government's efforts in unemployment issue. The government in China has been continued significant role in the economic reforms by adopting"market economy with socialist characteristics". Unemployment in China has been rising and become serious burden to its government. We study what has brought widespread unemployment and its characteristics. We also observe social problems caused by widespread unemployment and Chinese government's efforts to cope with the mass unemployment. After Deng Xio Ping implemented reform and opening policy in 1978, China has been rapidly changed. This reform and opening policy has been the driving force for economic growth. And the economic growth made China one of the fast developing nations in the world. But Chinese economic reforms also brought some dark sides of the market mechanism. One of them is the unemployment issue. China faces mass unemployment owing to the surplus labor forced by layoffs at the state-owned enterprises, economic restructuring and rapid urbanization across the nation. The mass unemployment is contributing to a very real and serious social crisis. The government made plans to fight against unemployment, which threats economic and social securities, Including : (1) the Policy for job creating and reemployment and (2) the unemployment insurance and (3) the social insurance for the elderly and (4) emphasizing the vocational education and training and (5) Providing start-up businesses with good education and (6) exporting its labor forces aborad. In addition, we argue that it is necessary to continue the study about market economy-oriented Chinese government's efforts for unemployment in preparation for unification with socialist North Korea.