日韓語の日常会話における聞き手の理解表現

장윤아 한국일본학회 2019 日本學報 Vol.0 No.121

본 논문은 한일 양국 모어화자간의 일상적인 대화에서 청자의 「이해」표현이 어떻게 사용되고 있는지를 사용빈도, 출현위치, 발화양태, 상호행위의 관점에서 실증적으로 분석한 것이다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. Ⅰ.「이해」표현 발화의 상대 사용빈도는 한국어 대화에 비해 일본어 대화에서 높게 나타났다. Ⅱ.일본어 대화에서 「이해」표현은 화자가 발화를 이어가는 도중에 출현하는 비율이 높은 반면 한국어 대화에서 「이해」표현은 문장이 완결 된 후에 출현하는 비율이 높다. Ⅲ.한국어 대화에 비해 일본어 대화에서는 [맞장구]의 사용비율이 높았고, 일본어 대화에 비교했을 때 한국어 대화에서는 [맞장구+α]의 사용비율이 높았다. Ⅳ.일본어 대화에서 청자에게 기대되는 역할은 빈번하게 「이해」를 표현하여 화자가 이야기하기 쉬운 환경을 구축하는 것이다. 또한, 청자의 적극적인 「이해」표현은 화자에게 긍정적으로 수용되는 경향이 있다. 반면, 일본어 대화에 비해 한국어 대화에서 청자에게 기대되는 역할은 화자가 이야기를 스스로 전개할 수 있도록 비교적 조용히 들어준 후, 화자의 발화 내용이 어느 정도 정리된 부분에서 화자의 발화 전체에 대한 이해를 표현하는 것이며 적극적인 「이해」표현은 화자의 이야기 전개에 지장을 주는 행위로 파악될 수 있다. The purpose of the current study is to analyze utterances which express understanding in Korean and Japanese daily conversations between friends. The main differences found between Korean and Japanese conversations are as follows. Ⅰ. Comparing the frequency of usage: Japanese tend to use more understanding utterances than Korean. Ⅱ. Comparing the proportions of appearance position: In Japanese conversations, the hearers tend to express their understanding before the speaker's utterances are finished. On the other hand, in Korean conversations, hearers tend to express their understanding after the speakers complete their sentences. Ⅲ. Comparing the proportions of expression forms: In Japanese conversations, the proportion of aizuchi was higher than that in Korean conversations. In Korean conversations, the proportion of aizuchi+α form was higher than that in Japanese conversations. Ⅳ. In Japanese conversations, hearers are expected to express their understanding frequently and to create an easy to talk environment. By contrast, in Korean conversations, hearers are expected to first listen quietly until the speaker finishes his story to some degree and then express their understanding of the speaker's entire utterance.

Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on the Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate, Growth, and Morphogenesis of Grafted Pepper Transplants during Healing and Acclimatization

장윤아,문보흠,서태철,이준구,오상석,전창후 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.1

This study evaluated the influence of light quality and intensity during healing and acclimatization on the CO2 exchange rate, growth, and morphogenesis of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants,using a system for the continuous measurement of the CO2 exchange rate. C. annuum L. ‘Nokkwang’ and ‘Tantan’ were used as scions and rootstocks, respectively. Before grafting, the transplants were grown for four weeks in a growth chamber with artificial light, where the temperature was set at 25/18℃ (light/dark period) and the light period was 14 hours·d-1. The grafted pepper transplants were then healed and acclimatized under different light quality conditions using fluorescent lamps (control) and red, blue, and red + blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). All the transplants were irradiated for 12 hours per day, for six days, at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 50, 100, or 180 μmol·m-2·s-1. The higher PPF levels increased the CO2exchange rate during the healing and acclimatization. A smaller increase in the CO2 exchange rates was observed in the transplants under red LEDs. At a PPF of 180 μmol·m-2·s-1, the CO2 exchange rate of the transplants irradiated with red LEDs was lowest and it was 37% lower than those irradiated with fluorescent lamps. The CO2 exchange rates of transplants irradiated with blue LEDs was the highest and 20% higher than those irradiated under fluorescent lamps. The graft take was not affected by the light quality. The grafted pepper transplants irradiated with red LEDs had a lower SPAD value, leaf dry weight, and dry matter content. The transplants irradiated with blue LEDs had longer shoot length and heavier stem fresh weight than those irradiated with the other treatments. Leaves irradiated with the red LED had the smallest leaf area and showed leaf epinasty. In addition, the palisade and spongy cells of the pepper leaves were dysplastic and exhibited hyperplasia. Grafted pepper transplants treated with red + blue LEDs showed similar growth and morphology to those transplants irradiated with fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that high-quality grafted pepper transplants can be obtained by healing and acclimatization under a combination of blue and red lights at a high PPF level.

日韓の日常会話における聞き手の役割 -「理解」表現を中心に-

張允娥 한국일본학회 2018 한국일본학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.02

종묘관련 분쟁사례 및 관리방안

장윤아,이지원,최근진,안세웅,박동금 한국종자연구회 2017 종자과학과 산업 Vol.13 No.1

日韓語のナラティブ構築過程に見られる 聞き手の評価と寄与

장윤아 한국일본어교육학회 2022 日本語敎育 Vol.- No.100

본고에서는 한일어 대화에서 화자가 내러티브를 구축해가는 도중에 청자가 화자의 내러티브의 적절성과 가치를 어떻게 평가하고 있으며 청자의 평가 발화가 내러티브 구축에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 상호작용의 관점에서 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 한일양국의 대화에서 <동일 시점제시> 발화의 사용비율이 유사하게 나타났다. 하지만, 일본어 대화에 비교하여 한국어 대화에서는 <감상표명> 발화와 <다른 시점제시> 발화의 사용비율이 높게 나타났으며, 일본어 대화에서는 <감정표출> 발화의 사용비율이 높게 나타났다. <다른 시점제시>의 경우, 사용양상에 한일차이가 관찰되는데, 한국어 대화에서는 내러티브의 의미와 가치를 교섭하는 수단으로 사용되지만, 일본어 대화에서는 웃음을 자아내는 농담으로 사용되어 내러티브의 가치를 평가하는 수단으로 사용되는 경향이 있다. 또한, 청자의 평가 발화가 화자의 어떠한 유형의 발화 후에 사용되는지에도 한일간에 상이점이 관찰되었다. 향후에는 화자의 내러티브의 내용적 전개에 기여하는 청자의 협동적인 언어행동에 주목하여 분석을 지속해 나아갈 필요가 있다.

Functional Defects in Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Classical Monocytes in a Patient with Hyper-IgE Syndrome

장윤아,강성윤,김지현,강혜련,김혜영 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.5

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a very rare primary immune deficiency characterized by elevated serum IgE levels, recurrent bacterial infections, chronic dermatitis, and connective tissue abnormalities. Autosomal dominant (AD) HIES involves a mutation in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that leads to an impaired TH17 response. STAT3 signaling is also involved in the function of RORγt+ type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and RORγt+TH17 cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of innate immune cells such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), granulocytes, and monocytes in a patient with HIES. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient with HIES and three age-matched healthy controls were obtained for the analysis of the innate and adaptive immune cells. The frequencies of ILCs in PBMCs were lower in the patient with HIES than in the controls. Moreover, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-17A produced by ILC3s in PBMCs were lower in the patient with HIES than the controls. Compared with the controls, classical monocytes (CD14+CD16low), which have a high antimicrobial capability, were also lower in the patient with HIES, while non-classical monocytes (CD14lowCD16+) as well as intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16intermediate) were higher. Taken together, these results indicate that the impaired immune defense against pathogenic microbes in the patient with HIES might be partially explained by functional defects in ILC3s and inflammatory monocytes.

한일 친구간 회화에서의 농담 프레임 구축과 폴라이트니스

장윤아 담화·인지언어학회 2017 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

소형과 수박의 생육과 과실 품질 증진을 위한 야생종 수박 대목 이용

장윤아,문지혜,안세웅,김상규,허윤찬,이희주,위승환,전희 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2019 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.28 No.4

최근 식품 소비패턴 변화로 과실 무게 2~3kg 내외의 소형과 수박에 대한 관심과 이용이 증가하는 추세이다. 호박 대목을 이용한 수박 접목재배는 덩굴쪼김병 등 토 양 전염성 병 관리에 유용하나, 왕성한 생육으로 과실 품질이 저하하는 문제가 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 덩굴쪼김병 저항성 수박 공대를 이용한 접목재배시 소형 과 수박의 생육 및 착과 특성, 과실의 품질을 검토하였 다. 덩굴쪼김병에 저항성이 있는 것으로 평가된 야생종 수박 5종(Galactica, IT 208441, PI 482322, PI 500303, PI 593358)을 대목으로 이용하여, 편엽합접으로 접목한 뒤 비닐하우스에서 재배, 수확하여 생육과 과실 품질을 조사하였다. 접수는 소과형 전용 수박품종 ‘미니스타’를 이용하였으며, 시판 대목 참박 ‘불로장생’과 호박 ‘신토 좌’을 대조로 비교하였다. 수박 대목 ‘PI 593358’에 접 목한 처리구가 ‘신토좌’ 대목에 접목한 처리구와 함께 우수한 뿌리 발달 등 왕성한 생육을 보이며 빠른 착과 가 이루어졌으나, 과실 품질에 있어 ‘total soluble solids(TSS)’ 값과 관능평가 값이 낮았다. 반면 수박 대 목 ‘PI 482322’에 접목한 수박의 관능평가 값은 높은 편이었다. 따라서 소형과 수박 접목재배시 야생종 수박 ‘PI 482322’ 등을 대목으로 이용함으로써 안정적인 생육 및 과실 품질 확보가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 검토 된 야생종 수박은 호박 및 박 대목을 대체하는 대목 개 발에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The interest in mini watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) with small fruits weighing 2-3 kg has increased by the increasing trend in one-person households and consequent tendency to consume small meals. Watermelon grafting onto cucurbit rootstocks is a very effective way to control soil-borne diseases, such as Fusarium wilt; however, this practice negatively impacts the fruit quality. This study was conducted to investigate the growth, fruit set, and fruit quality of mini watermelon grafted onto wild watermelon accessions (Citrullus spp.) resistant to Fusarium wilt. Five watermelon accessions (Galactica, IT 208441, PI 482322, PI 500303, and PI 593358) were evaluated as rootstocks for the mini watermelon “Ministar”. Non-grafted “Ministar” and “Ministar” grafted onto “Shintozwa” (Cucurbita maxima D. C. moschata D.) or “Bullojangsaeng” (Lagenaria leucantha) were used as controls. The roots of the transplants grafted onto “PI 593358” and “Shintozwa” weighed more than those on other rootstocks. Additionally, the transplants on “PI 593358” showed better growth and fruit set in the field than the other transplants. However, the total soluble solid contents and fruit quality indices of the transplants on “PI 593358” and “Shintozwa” were lower, whereas the total fruit quality index of those on “PI 482322” was higher. Thus, the wild watermelon accessions tested can potentially be used as basic germplasm for developing watermelon rootstocks instead of cucurbit rootstocks. The most promising accession for this purpose was found to be “PI 482322”.

종이포트 묘 육묘시 양분관리, 육묘일수 및 정식 후 야온에 따른 오이의 생육

장윤아,안세웅,전희,이희주,위승환 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2019 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.28 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the growth of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays influenced by seedling age, nutrient management before transplanting, and night temperature after transplanting. Grafted cucumber seedlings in paper pot trays were supplied with different nutrient solution concentrations of 0.5 x full strength (S) (EC 0.8 dS·m-1), 1.0S(EC 1.6 dS·m-1), 2.0S(EC 3.2 dS·m-1) two times a week until transplanting. 26, 33, 40, and 47 day-old cucumber grafted seedlings were transplanted and grown at three levels of night temperature (10, 15, and 25°C) during ten days. Increasing nutrient solution concentration enhanced the shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and relative growth rate of seedlings. With increasing seedling age, the differences in growth were greater among nutrient treatments. The dry matter percentage increased with the seedling age, but was lower with higher nutrient concentration. The specific leaf area showed the opposite results. In cucumbers transplanted at 26- or 33-day seedling ages, night temperature did not affect the growth at ten days after transplanting. However, the growth of 40 or 47 day-old seedling decreased at 10°C. Compared with 25°C, the dry weight of cucumbers transplanted at 40- or 47-day seedling ages was depressed by 58% or 71%, respectively, at 10°C. Accordingly, it was concluded that the optimum nutrient solution concentrations and seedling age for the production of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays can be 1.0S and about 30 days, respectively, and night temperature should be maintained at the range of 15-25°C for promoting the growth after transplanting. 본 논문에서는 생분해성 종이포트를 이용한 오이 접목 묘 육묘시 추비용 양액의 농도와 육묘일수, 정식 후 야 간 온도에 따른 오이의 생육을 검토하였다. 오이 종이포 트묘 접목활착 종료 후 육묘 중 시비 농도를 0.5S(EC 0.8dS·m-1), 1.0S(EC 1.6dS·m-1), 2.0S(EC 3.2dS·m-1)의 3 수준으로 처리한 뒤, 육묘일수를 파종 후 26, 33, 40, 47일로 달리하여 정식하였다. 정식 직후 야간 온도를 10, 15, 25°C 3수준으로 조합, 처리하여 10일 동안 재배 하였다. 육묘기간 중 오이 종이포트묘의 초장, 엽수, 엽 면적, 건물중, 및 상대생장률은 추비용 양액의 농도가 높아질수록 증가하였으며, 육묘일수가 경과할수록 처리 에 따른 차이는 더 커졌다. 건물률은 육묘일수가 경과함 에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 양액의 농도가 높을 수록 낮았다. 반면 비엽면적은 육묘일수가 길어질수록 감소하였고, 양액 농도가 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈다. 정식 10일 후 오이의 생육은 육묘일수가 증가할수록 초 장, 엽면적, 건물중에 있어서 높은 값을 나타냈으나, 상 대생장률은 감소하였다. 육묘일수 26일, 30일의 경우 정 식 후 오이의 생육은 야간 온도의 영향이 크지 않았으 나, 육묘일수가 길어져 40일이상 육묘한 묘는 정식 후 10°C 정도의 저온에서 활착이 지연되어 생육이 저조하 였다. 따라서 오이 종이포트 접목묘 생산시 추비용 양액 농도 1S, 육묘일수는 30일 내외가 추천되며, 정식 후 활 착 및 생육 촉진을 위해 15-25℃ 범위의 야간온도 관리가 요구된다.

Light Intensity and Lettuce Growth in an Apartment Balcony Affected by the Direction of Balcony

장윤아,정순진,한경숙,이상미,서정남,김광진 인간식물환경학회 2017 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Light is very important for plant growth and a major limiting factor in indoor plant cultivation, such as in balconies. This study was conducted to investigate the light intensity and lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) growth in an apartment balcony affected by the direction of balcony. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), air temperature, and relative humidity in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony were measured for a year. The lettuce was grown in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony. The time and amount of light entering into the balcony differed according to the direction of the balcony window. Whereas light entered into the east-facing balcony from sunrise to noon, it entered into the west-facing balcony afternoon before sunset. The temperature and humidity in the balcony also varied according to the direction of the balcony window. Daily Light Integral (DLI) in the south-facing balcony was 20~50% of outdoor and DLI in east- or west-facing balconies was 10~20%. Also, the environmental characteristics of the balconies were affected seasonally. In the spring (from March to May), the DLI was around 10 mol・m-2 ・day-1 and the average temperature was around 25°C. But the DLI was below 10 mol・m-2 ・day-1 and the average temperature and relative humidity were around 30°C and over 60%, respectively, in the summer (from June to August). In the balcony, the average temperature was maintained around 10°C even in winter, which is a condition of freezing outdoor. Growth of the lettuce in the south-facing balcony was better than that of the other directions. This is attributed to better environmental conditions of south-facing balcony. Therefore, considering the environmental characteristics of the balcony, selection and management of crops with relatively low light demand like leafy vegetables are required. It is also recommended to cultivate crops from autumn to spring.