http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
최근진,김창현 한국지식재산연구원 2010 지식재산연구 Vol.5 No.3
Breeding of new plant variety is initiative and contribute to develop seed industry and agriculture, therefore an effective plant variety protection (PVP) is necessary to encourage development new varieties of plants where there is commercial viability and induce continuous investment for breeding. PVP system provides breeder to develop high quality, reasonable price, extension scope of varieties selection for growers and increase the international competitiveness through export of variety and seed. It is also recalled that, as a consequence of the breeder’s exemption in the UPOV Convention, domestic breeders also gain access to valuable varieties for use in their breeding programs. The impact of introduction of PVP system encourage to extent plant genera and species by the request of breeder which increase the number of varieties for PVP and it makes wide scope of varieties for the grower's selection. The activity of plant breeding in private sector was activated and it caused increment in number of varieties particular in commercial crops and number of individual breeders. PVP system also affected on the public sector breeding to increase number of varieties for application for PVP. Variety was diversified and improved in yield, quality, resistance to stress, functional characteristics by the request of grower, farmer and consumer by the accession of commercial variety for their breeding program. With access to such valuable varieties, domestic growers and producers have more scope to improve their production and export their products. The PVP system once caused royalty problem of the species where the base of plant breeding is weak, however it gave an opportunity to establish basis of plant breeding using those of introduced varieties and that was a chance for user to recognize the necessary of royalty payment. 새로운 식물품종 육성은 종자산업 발전의 시발점으로서 농업 및 사회발전에 기여하는 바가 크다. 따라서 식물신품종에 대한 법적 보호를 통해 육종가의 육종의욕을 촉진시킴으로서 우수 품종육성에 대한 지속적인 투자를 유도하여야 할 것이다. 품종보호제도는 육종가의 권리를 보호하는 동시에 육종가에 대한 예외로서 또 다른 품종육성을 위한 육종재료로의 이용을 촉진시켜 빠른 기간에 더 우수한 품종을 육성하도록 하며, 육종가 간에 더 우수한 품종과 합리적인 가격에 대한 경쟁을 유도하고, 기존의 품종과 다른 특성을 가진 품종육성으로 중복투자를 방지하고, 국외출원으로 국제경쟁력을 높이게 된다. 제도도입으로 인해 나타난 영향을 보면 그동안 주요작물을 대상으로 하는 육종에 그쳤으나 육종의 대상작물이 크게 확대되어 Minor 작물에 대한 육종도 이루어졌다. 국내외로부터 품종보호출원 및 등록이 크게 증가함으로서 재배자 및 농민에게는 자신의 경영에 맞는 품종선택 범위가 확대되었다. 채소, 화훼 및 과수 등의 상업적 작물에 대한 민간육종이 크게 활발해졌는데 특히 개인 육종가들이 수적으로 증가하였고 이들이 주로 육종하는 작물인 화훼 및 과수에 있어서 품종의 출원이 크게 증가되었다. 또한 육종가들은 다양한 재배농민 및 소비자의 요구에 따라 다양한 품종을 육성하여 보급함에 있어서 재배 및 이용상의 경제적인 가치를 고려하여 내재해성, 고품질 및 기능성 등이 우수한 품종을 육성하여 상업화하게 되었다. 화훼 재배자 및 농민은 국내 또는 국외로부터 우수한 품종의 재배를 통해 수확물인 절화를 해외로 수출함에 있어서 국제적인 경쟁력을 갖게 되는 계기가 되었다. 품종보호제도 도입이후 그동안 육종을 하지 않던 상업적 작물에 대해 국외로의 품종사용료 문제가 있기는 하였으나 이는 국외로부터의 품종도입을 통해 국내 육종기반을 마련하고 품종사용료에 대한 재배자 및 농민의 인식을 전환하는 계기가 되었던 것으로 보인다.
최근진 한국작물학회 2002 한국작물학회지 Vol.47 No.S
There are some international standards and organization controling the quality characteristics of varieties and seeds such as UPOV, OECD, ISTA, AOSA. The National List system to check variety performance such as quality characteristics of plant varieties and seeds was established by each countries. The UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New varieties of Plant) regulates the requirement of plant variety protection that is distinctness (D), uniformity (U), stability (S) (here in after called DUS), Novelty and Denomination, and some quality characteristics are used to examine the requirement of plant variety protection by each crops. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation Development) seed scheme regulates the seed certification for seed trade between countries. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) and AOSA(Association for Official Seed Analyst) regulates the seed analysis standard and methods. Most of the countries in Europe has the National List system, which check the value for cultivation and use(VCU), that is to say, variety performance such as yield, quality and stress to environment. All the seeds should be enlisted in the National List before sell the seed in their country. All the quality characteristics checked variety performance are for instance, amylose and amylopectin content in rice, molting quality, $\beta$-glucan, protein in barley, protein and sugar content in soybean, sugar and amylopectin content in corn etc. Conditions for the protection of new variety of plant are DUS. Quality characteristics may be the important characteristics and used to check DUS in crop by crop. It is very important to develop a new characteristics and establish standard method fur examine the VCU and DUS test for each crop.