Light Intensity and Lettuce Growth in an Apartment Balcony Affected by the Direction of Balcony

장윤아,정순진,한경숙,이상미,서정남,김광진 인간식물환경학회 2017 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Light is very important for plant growth and a major limiting factor in indoor plant cultivation, such as in balconies. This study was conducted to investigate the light intensity and lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) growth in an apartment balcony affected by the direction of balcony. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), air temperature, and relative humidity in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony were measured for a year. The lettuce was grown in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony. The time and amount of light entering into the balcony differed according to the direction of the balcony window. Whereas light entered into the east-facing balcony from sunrise to noon, it entered into the west-facing balcony afternoon before sunset. The temperature and humidity in the balcony also varied according to the direction of the balcony window. Daily Light Integral (DLI) in the south-facing balcony was 20~50% of outdoor and DLI in east- or west-facing balconies was 10~20%. Also, the environmental characteristics of the balconies were affected seasonally. In the spring (from March to May), the DLI was around 10 mol・m-2 ・day-1 and the average temperature was around 25°C. But the DLI was below 10 mol・m-2 ・day-1 and the average temperature and relative humidity were around 30°C and over 60%, respectively, in the summer (from June to August). In the balcony, the average temperature was maintained around 10°C even in winter, which is a condition of freezing outdoor. Growth of the lettuce in the south-facing balcony was better than that of the other directions. This is attributed to better environmental conditions of south-facing balcony. Therefore, considering the environmental characteristics of the balcony, selection and management of crops with relatively low light demand like leafy vegetables are required. It is also recommended to cultivate crops from autumn to spring.

Functional Defects in Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Classical Monocytes in a Patient with Hyper-IgE Syndrome

장윤아,강성윤,김지현,강혜련,김혜영 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.5

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a very rare primary immune deficiency characterized by elevated serum IgE levels, recurrent bacterial infections, chronic dermatitis, and connective tissue abnormalities. Autosomal dominant (AD) HIES involves a mutation in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that leads to an impaired TH17 response. STAT3 signaling is also involved in the function of RORγt+ type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and RORγt+TH17 cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of innate immune cells such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), granulocytes, and monocytes in a patient with HIES. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient with HIES and three age-matched healthy controls were obtained for the analysis of the innate and adaptive immune cells. The frequencies of ILCs in PBMCs were lower in the patient with HIES than in the controls. Moreover, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-17A produced by ILC3s in PBMCs were lower in the patient with HIES than the controls. Compared with the controls, classical monocytes (CD14+CD16low), which have a high antimicrobial capability, were also lower in the patient with HIES, while non-classical monocytes (CD14lowCD16+) as well as intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16intermediate) were higher. Taken together, these results indicate that the impaired immune defense against pathogenic microbes in the patient with HIES might be partially explained by functional defects in ILC3s and inflammatory monocytes.

한일 친구간 회화에서의 농담 프레임 구축과 폴라이트니스

장윤아 담화·인지언어학회 2017 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

Effects of Photosynthetic Photon Flux and Carbon Dioxide Concentration on the Photosynthesis and Growth of Grafted Pepper Transplants during Healing and Acclimatization

장윤아,문보흠,도경란,엄영철,전창후 한국원예학회 2014 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.55 No.5

In the production of grafted transplants, healing and acclimatization are the most critical processes forsurvival. We investigated the influence of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and the carbon dioxide (CO2)concentration during healing and acclimatization on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of grafted peppertransplants to determine the optimum environmental conditions for healing and acclimatization in a healing chamberwith artificial lighting source. Grafted pepper transplants were healed and acclimatized under two levels of CO2 (374or 1,013 μmol·mol-1) and four levels of PPF (dark, 50, 98 or 147 μmol·m-2·s-1) for six days. The CO2 exchange ratesof the grafted pepper transplants significantly increased with increasing PPF during healing and acclimatization. TheCO2 exchange rates were higher under elevated CO2 concentrations than ambient CO2 concentration. The effect ofCO2 enrichment was greater in low light intensity. The CO2 exchange rates at 50, 98 or 147 μmol·m-2·s-1 under elevatedCO2 concentrations were 511, 261, and 172%, respectively, compared to the ambient CO2 concentrations. The increaseof photosynthesis led to an improvement in growth. The SPAD value, dry weight and leaf area were greater underhigher PPF and CO2 concentrations. PPF also influenced the anatomical structures of the leaves, and the palisade andspongy tissue cells of the leaves irradiated with higher PPF were aligned more densely, with more chloroplasts andsmall empty space. When compared to the tunnel in the greenhouse with natural light, healing and acclimatizationunder high CO2 (1,000 μmol·mol-1) and PPF (150 μmol·m-2·s-1) conditions in the healing chamber promoted the growthand graft union formation of grafted pepper transplants. The results suggested that high-quality grafted pepper seedlingscould be achieved by healing and acclimatization in a healing chamber where optimal conditions such as high PPFand CO2 were maintained within the range evaluated in this experiment.

日韓の同性·異性間の談話における聞き手のポライトネス行動

張允娥 한국일본어학회 2015 한국일본어학회 학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.3

日韓の日常会話における聞き手の役割 -「理解」表現を中心に-

張允娥 한국일본학회 2018 한국일본학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.02

접목 전 대목 및 접수의 양수분 관리가 고추의 접목활착 및 접목묘의 생육에 미치는 영향

장윤아,문보흠,최장선,엄영철,이상규 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2014 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The nutrient and irrigation management of scion and rootstock can alleviate stress on grafted transplantsafter grafting and promote the growth. This study investigated the effects of nutrient and irrigation management ofscion and rootstock on the graft-take and growth of grafted pepper transplants. Before grafting, the scions were subjectedto different water potential regimes in media by controlling the irrigation frequency and time. The scions weresubirrigated 0, 1(two days before grafting), 1(one days before grafting) or 2 times for five days before grafting. The irrigationfrequency and time influenced the water potential of media and the growth of scion and grafted transplants. At 13days after grafting, fresh and dry weight of transplants which were irrigated once at two days before grafting weregreater by 29 and 34% than those without irrigation during five days before grafting. This suggests that mild waterstress on scion prior to grafting by controlling water management alleviate water stress on grafted transplants after graftingand improve the growth. Before grafting, the rootstocks were subjected to different nutrient regimes by controllingnutrient solution application. The rootstocks were supplied with nutrient solution 0, 1, 2, or 4 times. The nutrient applicationfrequency and time influenced the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of media. Accordingly, the growth andmineral contents of rootstock and grafted transplants were also affected. At 13 days after grafting, fresh and dry weightof transplants with four times of nutrient application increased by 30 and 20%, respectively, than those without nutrientsolution supply during seven days before grafting. Therefore, it is recommended that nutrient solution be supplied morethan four times during seven days before grafting for the production of high quality transplants. 접목묘의 활착률 및 생육은 활착기간 중의 환경조건뿐만 아니라 접목 전 대목 및 접수의 생육상태의 영향을받을 수 있다. 접목 직후에 있어서의 환경 스트레스를완화하고 생장을 촉진하기 위해서는, 접목 후의 환경 조건뿐만 아니라 접목 이전의 대목 및 육묘관리에도 주목할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 접목 전 접수의 수분관리,대목의 양분관리가 고추 접목묘의 활착 및 생육에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 접목 전 접수 육묘시 관수에 따른 고추 접목묘의 생육을 생육을 검토하기 위해, 접수의 관수 횟수 및 관수시기를 접목 5일 전최종 관수 후 0, 1(접목 2일 전), 1(접목 1일 전), 2회(접목 2일 전 및 접목 직전)로 처리하였다. 관수횟수 및 관수시기에 따라 접수의 상토 및 식물체의 수분포텐셜이영향을 받았으며, 이에 따라 접수 및 접목묘의 엽면적,생체중 및 건물중 등에 있어서 차이를 보여, 접목 13일째 접목 2일전 1회 관수 처리구의 생체중 및 건물중은0회 관수처리구 대비 각각 29, 34% 높았다. 따라서 72공 플러그 트레이를 이용한 고추 접수 생산시 접목 전5일간의 기간 중 2일 전 1회 관수와 같이, 접목 전 접수의 수분관리를 통하여 적절한 수분스트레스를 줌으로써접목시 접목묘의 수분스트레스를 완화하여 원활한 접목활착 및 이후 생육촉진을 도모할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 접목 전 대목 육묘시 양분공급에 따른 고추 접목묘의 생육을 생육을 검토하기 위해, 접목 일주일 전부터Table 5. Growth of grafted pepper transplants affected by different nutrient regimes at six days after grafting. NutrientapplicationfrequencyShootlength(cm)NumberofleavesLeafarea(cm2)Fresh weight (mg) Dry weight (mg) Dry matter (%)Root Stem Leaf Root Stem Leaf Root Stem Leaf0 6.3cz 5.7b 27.1c 339.5a 430.0c 602.0c 29.4a 45.7a 91.2a 8.7a 10.7a 15.1a1 6.8ab 6.4a 34.1b 283.5b 482.5b 741.5b 24.9a 45.5a 102.4a 8.9a 9.4a 13.4ab2 7.1a 6.2a 37.8a 293.0b 503.5ab 833.0a 24.8a 46.4a 107.7a 8.6a 9.2bc 12.9bc4 6.7b 5.8b 34.8ab 278.0b 527.5a 776.5ab 32.0a 45.6a 97.8a 12.4a 8.6c 12.7czDifferent letters correspond to significantly different values at p ≤ 0.05 according to least significant difference test. Table 6. Growth of grafted pepper transplants affected by different nutrient regimes at thirteen days after grafting. NutrientapplicationfrequencyShootlength(cm)NumberofleavesLeafarea(cm2)Fresh weight (mg) Dry weight (mg) Dry matter (%)Root Stem Leaf Root Stem Leaf Root Stem Leaf0 9.8cz 7.1b 40.6c 427.5a 624.0c 901.0c 41.6a 70.9c 127.7b 9.7a 11.4a 14.2a1 11.1b 8.1a 53.4ab 386.0ab 767.5b 1,131.5b 36.9a 84.7b 151.8a 9.5a 11.1a 13.5b2 11.7a 8.2a 50.1b 342.5b 802.5b 1,143.5b 35.9a 88.4b 143.6a 10.3a 11.2a 12.9b4 12.1a 8.3a 55.6a 366.5ab 900.5a 1,271.0a 37.4a 97.8a 152.6a 10.1a 10.9a 12.2czDifferent letters correspond to significantly different values at p ≤ 0.05 according to least significant difference test. Fig. 4. Mineral content (%) of the shoot of rootstock before graftingand grafted pepper transplants at six days after graftingaffected by different nutrient regimes. Different letters correspondto significantly different values at p ≤ 0.05 according toleast significant difference test. 장윤아·문보흠·엄영철·최장선·이상규370 Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2014대목의 양액공급 횟수를 0, 1(접목 2일 전), 2(접목 2일전 및 접목 직전), 4회(접목 7, 5, 2일 전 및 접목 직전)로 처리하였을 때, 상토의 pH와 EC, 대목과 그를 이용한접목묘의 생육 및 식물체내 무기성분 함량이 영향을 받아, 접목 13일째 4회 공급처리구의 생체중 및 건물중은0회 처리구 대비 각각 30, 20% 증가하였다. 따라서 72공플러그 트레이를 ...

同性間·異性間の会話における<理解>と<同意·共感> ―ポライトネスの観点からみる日韓差と男女差―

장윤아 한국일본어학회 2015 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.45

This study examines Korean/Japanese and gender differences in positive politeness strategy focused on the expression of ‘Comprehension’ and ‘Agreement/Empathy’ in same-sex and mixed-sex conversations between friends. The results of the study are summarized as follows. Comparing the proportions of strategies: (A) Japanese speakers tend to adopt the strategy, which indicates that they are paying moreattention tothe speaker`s utterance than Korean speakers do, while Korean speakers tend to adopt the strategy of claiming common points of view andempathy more than Japanese speakers do. (B)Both Japanese and Korean women tend to adopt the strategy of claiming common points of view and empathy more than men do, while both Japanese and Korean men tend to adopt the strategy that indicates their attention to speakers more than women do. (C) The distribution of strategies in mixed conversations shows that the differences between men and women are reduced. In conversations between close friends, Korean and Japanese use positive politeness strategies to save their friend`s face. However, the differences in the distribution of positive politeness strategies between Korean/Japanese and gender differences have led to the suggestion that the way of saving their friend`s positive face may differ. Even though the preference of strategies in all women conversations and all men conversations are rather different, the differences are reduced as a result of accommodation when women and men interact with each other.

종묘관련 분쟁사례 및 관리방안

장윤아,이지원,최근진,안세웅,박동금 한국종자연구회 2017 종자과학과 산업 Vol.13 No.1

Effects of Light Intensity and Relative Humidity on Photosynthesis, Growth and Graft-take of Grafted Cucumber Seedlings during Healing and Acclimatization

장윤아,Eiji Goto,Yasuhiro Ishigami,문보흠,전창후 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.4

Healing and acclimatization are key processes for the survival of grafted plants. This study evaluated the influence of light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux, PPF) and relative humidity during the healing and acclimatization period on the photosynthetic characteristics, graft-take, and growth of grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings, using a system for the continuous measurement of the CO_2 exchange rate, in order to establish optimum environmental conditions for the healing and acclimatization of grafted cucumbers seedlings. Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Joeun Baekdadaki) were grafted onto rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima D. × C. moshata D. cv. New Shintozwa). Six combinations of two levels of relative humidity (95 and 90%) and three levels (0, 142, and 237 μmol・m^(-2)・s^(-1)) of light intensity were set up during healing and acclimatization. Increasing light intensity significantly increased CO_2 exchange rates during healing and acclimatization. At 95 and 90%relative humidity, the CO_2 exchange rates at 237 μmol・m^(-2)・s^(-1) light intensity were 1.5 and 1.8 times higher than those at 142 μmol・m^(-2)・s^(-1) light intensity, respectively. The light intensity during healing and acclimatization also affected the amount and distribution of chloroplasts in scion cotyledon. The amount of chloroplasts increased with the increase of PPF during healing and acclimatization, which covered most of cell wall with little open space left, compared with that of dark condition. As PPF increased, the shoot length, ratio of shoot to root, and specific leaf area decreased but the hypocotyl diameter, leaf area, dry weight, and percent dry matter increased. On the other hand, the relative humidity ranging from 90 to 95% did not significantly affect the CO_2 exchange rates during healing, acclimatization, and growth of grafted cucumber seedlings. As a result, PPF during healing and acclimatization affected the growth and quality of grafted cucumber seedlings. This showed that higher PPF condition may improve the growth and quality of grafted cucumber seedlings.