Concanavalin A가 細胞性免疫反應과 體液性免疫反應에 미치는 影響 : 마우스의 T依存性 體液免疫反應에 대한 Con A의 抑制作用 Suppression of a thymus Dependent Humoral Response by Con A in Mice

張友鉉,金翼詳,李明洙,崔明植 大韓免疫學會 1981 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

Mice treated with Con A 1 or 2 days prior to primary immunization with SRBC exhibited a significai.F suppression of direct PFC response. This immunosuppressive effect could be reversed by using higher doses of antigen designad to by pass T-cell function. Normal syngeneic recipient mice transferred with Con A-activated spleen cells showed a suppression of primary direct PFC response on day 6. Recipients transferred with Con A-activated thymocytes showed no effect on direct PFC responses. It is suggested that Con A induced immunosuppression of thymus-dependent humoral immune response in mice is at least partly due to the activation of a subpopulation of thymus derived cells, of which tissue source is not thymus but spleen, and that the effect is short-lived and the suppressive effect of HIR is marked in late stage.

바이러스 감염에 대한 면역반응

황응수,박정규,차창용 대한면역학회 2004 Immune Network Vol.4 No.2

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites which cause infection by invading and replicating within cells. The immune system has mechanisms which can attack the virus in extracellular and intracellular phase of life cycle, and which involve both non-specific and specific effectors. The survival of viruses depends on the survival of their hosts, and therefore the immune system and viruses have evolved together. Immune responses to viral infection may be variable depending on the site of infection, the mechanism of cell-to-cell spread of virus, physiology of the host, host genetic variation, and environmental condition. Viral infection of cells directly stimulates the production of interferons and they induce antiviral state in the surrounding cells. Complement system is also involved in the elimination of viruses and establishes the first line of defence with other non-specific immunity. During the course of viral infection, antibody is most effective at an early stage, especially before the virus enters its target cells. The virus- specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the principal effector cells in clearing established viral infections. But many viruses have resistant mechanism to host immune responses in every step of viral infection to cells. Some viruses have immune evasion mechanism and establish latency or persistency indefinitely. Furthermore antibodies to some viruses can enhance the disease by the second infection. Immune responses to viral infection are very different from those to bacterial infection. (Immune Network 2004;4(2):73-80) 바이러스는 세포 내 절대 기생체로서 세포에 침투하여 복제하여 증식한다. 면역계는 바이러스가 세포 밖에 존재하는 시기와 세포 내에 있는 시기 모두 공격을 할 수 있으며, 비특이적으로나 특이적인 반응을 보인다. 바이러스의 궁극적인 생존은 숙주의 생존 여부에 달려 있으므로 숙주의 면역체계와 바이러스는 상호 진화하여 왔다. 바이러스 감염에 대한 면역반응은 감염부위, 세포 간 바이러스의 전파기전, 숙주의 생리학적 상태, 유전적 소인과 환경요인에 따라 매우 다양하게 나타난다. 바이러스 감염은 인터페론의 생산을 유도해서 항바이러스 상태를 유발하고, 보체의 작용 등 선천면역에 의해 일차적으로 방어된다. 항체는 감염 초기 단계에 바이러스가 표적세포에 침투하기 전에는 매우 효과적으로 항바이러스 기능을 발휘한다. 확립된 바이러스 감염을 제거하고 완결시키는 데는 세포독성 T 림프구가 결정적인 역할을 한다. 그러나 바이러스는 이와 같은 단계별 숙주의 방어기전에 대항하는 기전을 갖고 있어서 바이러스에 따라서는 평생 숙주의 몸에서 잠복 또는 지속 감염을 이루게 된다. 한편 면역반응이 형성된 경우에 재감염이 되면 오히려 증상을 악화시키는 경우도 있는 등 바이러스 감염에 대한 면역반응의 특성은 다른 세균 등의 면역반응과 상당히 다른 점이 있다.

Human Multiple Myeloma 세포주 U266에서 IL-6에 의한 Grb2 결합 단백질들의 인산화

윤선영,고우석,이은경,최인표,한미영 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine generating multifunctional signals to several cell lines such as B cells, T cells, hepatocytes, myeloma, and leukemic cell lines. To understand the diverse signals generated by IL-6, it is essential to clarify the molecular and cellular events following IL-6 stimulation. IL-6 binding to its receptor triggers the association of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor (gp80) with a signal transducing unit of IL-6R, gpl3O. Since neither gp80 nor gp130 have any protein tyrosine kinase domain, unknown protein kinases except Janus kinase might be involved in the early steps of IL-6 signal transduction. Like many other cytokines and growth factors, IL-6 activates p2l'az. However the precise biochemical mechanism leading to the p21' activation is still unclear. It was recently elucidated that she (src homology and collagen) known to activate p21' affected on IL-6 signal pathway. Therefore we investigated the effects of IL-6 on Grb2 (growth factor receptor bound protein 2), which is an element of the Ras pathway in multiple systems. In multiple myeloma cell line U266, IL-6 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of several Grb2-associated proteins 80, 66, 52 and 44kD in a time-dependent manner. We also observed several protein kinases or substrates, including 44 and 25kD protein, by in vitro kinase assay. These findings suggest that IL-6 might activate the Ras signalling pathway via tyrosine phosphorylation of several Grb2-associated proteins. Futher studies will be need to elucidate which of the IL-6 receptor-associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases or adaptor proteins mediate IL-6 signalling pathway.

Immunoassay and Blotting

유경자 大韓免疫學會 1987 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

Surface Antigen(S) Common to Rat and Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cells and to Pre-implantation Embryos

Park, B.,Sobis, H.,Delacourt, M.CI.,Vauhove, L.,Vandeputte, M. 大韓免疫學會 1982 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

Five R fat embryonal carcinomas were induced by inoculating MSV into the placenta of fectotomized rats. Anti-embryonal carcinoma antisera were prepared by allogeneic or xenogeneic immunization with ascitic embryonal carcinoma cells. To remove the non-specific activity both antisera were absorbed in vivo and in vitro. By indirect immunofluorescent assay these absorbed antisera were reactive only on rat embryonal carcinomas and on undifferentiated primitive teratocarcinoma cells of C3H and 129/SV mouse. They did not react with the differentiated cells of mouse teratocarcinomas, with other rat and mouse tumors and with various norrrjal rat and mouse tissues including spermatozoa. A positive reaction was found on mouse and rat pre-implantation embryos from the 4-cell stage to late blastocyst. Antigen Pre-implantation embryo Embryonal carcinoma Retrodifferentiation

正常人 및 原疾患 患者血淸內의 Propionibacterium acnes 및 Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 菌體凝集抗體

최철순,곽병은,양용태 大韓免疫學會 1982 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

Both Propionibacteriwn acnes and Staphylococcus aureus are predominant normal flora of human skin. The existence of bight titres of "natural" antibodies both to P. acmes and S. aureus has been demonstrated. However, comparative measurement or analysis of correlation between these antibodies in the sera obtained from patients with underlying diseases has not been clarified. In this study, antibodies to P. aches and S. aureus in the sera of I07 healthy individuals and 64 inpatients of acute or chronic underlying diseases were measured and the correlation between these antibodies was analyzed. In normal sera, antibody to S. aureus (5.79±2.06 log2) was higher than to P. acnes (4.78±1.50 log2) and the patients' sera yielded similar results. A high correlation between antibodies to P. aches and S. aureus was found both in normal (r=0.47, p<0.00I) and patients' sera (r=0.61, P<0.001), but no correlation between antibody to S. aureus and to S. epidermidis was observed. In patients' sera, a high antibody titres to S. aureus was found in sera from liver cirrhosis(7.66± 0.57 log2), osteomyelitis (6.36+2.00 log2) and hepatitis (6.50±1.50 log2), but no difference was observed between diabetes mellitus (5.00±1.00 log2) and healthy individuals (5.79±2.06 log2). Similarly, a high antibody titre to P. aches appeared in the sera of the patients with osteomyelities (5.72±1.60 log2) but there was no difference between diabetes mellitus (5.00±1.00 log2) and healthy individuals (4.78±1.50 log2), whereas either low or no antibody was detectable in the sera of other patients' sera as well hepatoma and tuberculosis.

正常月經週期동안의 末梢血液 T-淋巴球의 變動

金錦才,鄭憲鐸,河大有 大韓免疫學會 1980 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

This study was undertaken to measure peripheral blood T-lymphocyte during the various phases .of the normal menstrual cycle and to investigate the circadian variations of peripheral blood leukocytes. The experiment was carried out on three medical students in the dark-room under the light-dark regimen of L. D. 17: 7 for circadian rhythm and on fifteen nursing students under the normal life pattern for lunadian rhythm. A significant decrease in T -lymphocytes occurred during. the menstrual period. However, the percentages of T -lymphocytes returned to the pre-levels one week after the end. of the menstrual period. On the other hand, total numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils showed ' no changes during the menstrual period. The acrophase of peripheral neutrophil count was in the early stage of activity span whereas the acrophases of peripheral eosinophil count and lymphocyte count were in the midstage of the rest span.

말초혈액 단핵구와 단핵구 유래 세포주 THP1에서 FcrR 자극에 의해 유도되는 염증반응의 조절기전

윤강순,윤석란,이충은,김형순,변광호 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

Regulation mechanisms of inflammatory responses induced by FcrR stimulation in human monocytes and monocytic cell line THP1 were investigated. Release of arachidonic acid, which is the precusor for inflammatory mediators, was induced by FcrR stimulation with its ligand human IgG or with anti FcrR mAbs. This response was further increased when FcrR was cross-linked with in-soluble anti-IgG-agarose and soluble anti-IgG Fc specific Fab fragments. These phenomena were shown in both monocyte and THP1. Oxidative burst activity, resulting from generation of reactive oxygen speices, was also induced by FcrR stimulation and further enhanced by cross-linking of Fcr R. Induction mechanisms of inflammatory responses caused by PMA or FcrR stimulations were then examined by measurements of release of arachidonic acid and oxidative burst activity. The results demonstrate that monocytes utilize different signaling pathways for FcrR or PMA stimulation. Signaling mechanism of PMA stimulation is especially dependent on Ca}+/calmodulin dependent kinase in arachidonic acid release, but not in oxidative burst activity. Meanwhile, signaling pathways of FcrR are dependent on tyrosine kinase but independent of protein kinase C both in the release of arachidonic acid and oxidative burst activity. The results suggest that in monocytes, there is a not only functional but also mechanistic link between arachidonic acid release and oxidative burst activity induced upon FcrR stimulation. Distinct signaling pathways seem to be operating in transformed monocytic cell line THP-1 cells, and no mechanistic link was found between arachidonic acid release and oxidative burst activity induced after FcrR stimulation.

癌患者의 腹水 및 肋膜渗出液이 健康人 淋巴球의 Rosette形成에 미치는 影響

河大有,鄭憲鐸 大韓免疫學會 1979 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.1 No.1

Non-specific suppressions of delayed-type hypersensitivities (DTH) measured by skin reactivity to certain antigens, response of lymphocytes to mitogens and spontaneous(E) rosette formation of lymphocytes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) have been reported to occur in cancer bearing-patients. The mechanisms responsible for these immunosuppressions remain unclear, but some investigators suggested that the immunosuppressions may result from immunosuppressive factors exudated from tumor masses. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ascitic and pleural fluids from patients with cancers metastatic to peritonium or pleura. Non-cancerous ascitic and pleural effusions were used as controls. The ascitic and pleural fluids from hepatoma patients and pulmonary carcinoma patients decreased not only the percentages of early and late rosette formations severely but also the affinity of lymphocytes to SRBC. On the other hand ascitic fluids from stomach cancer patients increased the percentages of early rosette formation and the affinity of lymphocytes to SRBC. Control effusions exerted no effect on rosette formation except the pleural effusions from pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Pleural effusions obtained from tuberculosis patients slightly increased the percentages of rosette formation and the affinity of lymphocytes to SRBC.

Epstein-Barr 바이러스 형질전환법을 이용한 파상풍 톡소이드에 대한 사람 단세포군 항체의 생산

유승민,조정제,호순태,하윤문 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

For production of tetanus toxoid(TT) specific human monoclonal antibodies, anti-TT antibody secreting peripheral B lymphocytes were separated by rosetting with TT-coated SRBC. And, B lymphoblastoid cell line(BLCL) was established by Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) transformation methods. Stable BLCLs were established after three times of cloning by limiting dilution. To establish the maximal antibody producing condition, several environmental factors were tested. The optimal condition for maximum antibody prodiction was 4 day culture of 1 x 105cells/ml concentration in RPMI 1640 complete culture media supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum, and the maximum concentration of secreted antibody was about 900ng/ml. The antibody production of BLCL was decreased during long-term culture after establishment of cell line, but antibody production was maintained by repeated cloning by limiting dilution.