외톨개모자반 (Myagropsis myagroides) 물 추출물의 면역 활성 및 이화학적 특성에 미치는 감마선 조사의 영향

이청조,송유진,김꽃봉우리,정지연,곽지희,최문경,김민지,김동현,선우찬,박진규,김재훈,최종일,이주운,변명우,안동현 한국수산과학회 2011 한국수산과학회지 Vol.44 No.1

This study examined the effect of gamma irradiation (3-20 kGy) on the immune activity and physicochemical properties of Myagropsis myagroides (MM) water extracts. MM powder and water extracts were subjected to gamma irradiation at 3, 7, and 20 kGy. The effects of gamma-irradiated MM water extracts on splenocyte proliferation and cytokine IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion were evaluated. The gamma-irradiated MM water extracts resulted in decreased splenocyte proliferation without cytotoxicity. The IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion increased by gamma-irradiated MM water extracts with increasing irradiation dose. For MM powder, the yield and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of water extracts were increased slightly after gamma irradiation. In MM water extracts, the TPC was higher at a dose of 20 kGy, while gamma irradiation decreased the viscosity, pH, and color of the MM extracts. In conclusion, gamma irradiation improved the immunomodulatory activity of MM water extracts, overcoming its potential weakness when applied in the food industry.

구기자(枸杞子) 추출물이 납 투여(投與)에 의한 흰쥐의 신장(腎臟) 손상(損傷)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이호섭,한성희,한상환,Lee, Ho-Sub,Han, Sung-Hee,Han, Sang-Hwan 대한한방내과학회 2001 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Lycii Fructus water extract in Pb-administered rats. The Pb exposed rats were given 100 ppm and 200 ppm in the distilled water. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 90 and 110g were blocked into 6 groups according to body weight. The control group was fed a normal diet, without lead. The experimental groups, which was fed a normal diet plus 100 ppm and 200 ppm lead, and one group received a normal diet plus Lycii Fructus water extracts. The results: the Food intake, the weight gain, and the kidney weight content in the cadmium added groups were lower than those in the Lycii Fructus water extracts group. The contents of Pb in the kidneys of the rats were determined by using ICP(lnductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometer). The accumulation of lead in the kidney was lower in the Lycii Fructus water extracts group. The Plasma levels of renin activity was higher in the lead administration groups, as compared with the Lycii Fructus water extracts. Plasma levels of aldosterone activity was higher in the lead administration group, as compared with Lycii Fructus water extracts. These results suggest that Lycii Fructus water extracts has a lowering effects on the accumulation of pb on kidney and it is believed that the Lycii Fructus water extracts have some protective effects on lead-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

조위승청탕(調胃升淸湯)의 알코올 및 열수(熱水) 추출물이 지방세포 대사에 미치는 영향

이재은,김병우,임태진,김동희,권기록,Lee, Jae-Eun,Kim, Byoung-Woo,Rhim, Tae-Jin,Kim, Dong-Heui,Kwon, Ki-Rok 대한약침학회 2008 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.11 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation in 3T3-L1 cell line, lipolysis of adipocytes in rat's epididymal adipocytes and localized fat accumulation of porcine by extraction methods(alcohol and water). Methods : Diminish preadipocytes proliferation and promote lipolysis of adipocytes do primary role to reduce obesity. So, we used 3T3-L1 mouse embryo fibroblasts(preadipocytes) and rat epididymal adipocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation, lipolysis of adipocytes. They were treated with 0.01, 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts. And for the purpose of investigating the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts on the localized fat accumulation, we injected 0.1, 1.0, $10.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts to porcine fat tissues and observed histological changes of them. Results : Following results were obtained from the preadipocytes proliferation and lipolysis of adipocytes and histological investigation of fat tissues. 1. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts suppressed preadipocytes proliferation on the high dosage(especially $1.0mg/m{\ell}$), and especially alcohol extracts had better effects. 2. The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$. Alcohol extracts had better effects than water extracts. 3. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts increased lipolysis of adipocytes on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$, and especially on the concentration of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ alcohol extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had better effect. 4. The water extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had significant activity to the destruction of porcine fat cell membranes only on the concentration of $10.0mg/m{\ell}$, but alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had it on all concentrations. Conclusions : The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had much better effects on the preadipoeytes proliferaton, lipolysis of adipocytes and localized fat accumulation than water extracts.

Optical absorption characteristics of brown carbon aerosols during the KORUS-AQ campaign at an urban site

Park, Seungshik,Yu, Geun-Hye,Lee, Sangil Elsevier 2018 Atmospheric research Vol.203 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates the absorption characteristics of brown carbon (BrC) obtained from water and methanol extracts of fine particulate matter measured at an urban site in Gwangju, Korea during the KOREA U.S. – Air Quality campaign (May 2–June 11, 2016). The measurement period was classified into two intervals: biomass burning (BB) and non-BB periods. During the non-BB period, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and humic-like substances (HULIS) primarily resulted from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and primary vehicle emissions. Water-soluble organic aerosols during the BB period, meanwhile, were closely related to SOA formation and regionally transported BB emissions.</P> <P>The light absorption coefficient measured at 365nm (b<SUB>abs,365</SUB>) by methanol extracts was 2.6 and 6.1 times higher than the coefficients from the water and HULIS extracts, respectively, indicating the importance of BrC absorption by water-insoluble organic carbon. This was demonstrated by a good correlation between the water-insoluble BrC absorption and the elemental carbon concentration. A comparison of b<SUB>abs,365</SUB> between the methanol- and water-extracted BrC indicated that water-insoluble BrC accounted for approximately 61% (33–86%) of the total BrC absorption. The contributions of SOA, primary BB emissions, and traffic emissions to the water extract b<SUB>abs,365</SUB> were estimated using a stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and found to be 1.17±0.55, 0.65±0.62, and 0.25±0.09Mm<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, accounting for 59.6, 26.1, and 14.3% of the absorption coefficient by the water-soluble BrC. Further, it was determined that the contribution of the BB emissions to the water-soluble BrC absorption was approximately two times higher in the BB period than in the non-BB period.</P> <P>The average absorption Ångstrӧm exponent was 4.8±0.3, 5.3±0.7, and 6.8±0.8 for the methanol, water, and HULIS extracts, respectively. The average mass absorption efficiency (MAE<SUB>365</SUB>) of methanol extracted BrC was 1.3±0.4m<SUP>2</SUP>/g·C. Water- and HULIS-extracted BrC had a MAE<SUB>365</SUB> of 1.0±0.3 and 0.8±0.3m<SUP>2</SUP>/g·C, respectively. These results suggest that methanol-extracted BrC could provide a better estimation of BrC absorption compared to WSOC and HULIS.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Heterogeneous processes were a dominant contributor to NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>-</SUP> and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2-</SUP> formation during the non-biomass burning (BB) period. </LI> <LI> Regional transport and high O<SUB>3</SUB> could be important factors for the enhanced NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>-</SUP> and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2-</SUP> during the BB period. </LI> <LI> Water-soluble organic aerosols were associated with SOA, regionally transported BB, and traffic emissions. </LI> <LI> About 60% of total brown carbon (BrC) absorption comes from water-insoluble BrC. </LI> <LI> Contribution of BB source to water-soluble BrC absorption was two times higher in the BB period than in the non-BB period. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

녹차와 수용성미네랄 이온을 이용한 기능성 양념육 개발

김수민 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2003 생명자원과 산업 Vol.7 No.-

본 실험에서는 천연 추출물중 항산화성이 우수한 추출물을 선발하여 계육 양념육 제품을 개발하고, 둘째. 양념육의 침투속도를 높이기 위하여 수용성 미네랄 성분과 Ge-132를 이용하여 양념계육 제품에 대한 이화학적 특성을 검토하였다. 이상의 게르마늄, 녹차, 수용성미네랄 및 녹차+게르마늄+수용성미네랄복합첨가 양념 닭고기제품의 이화학적 결과를 보면, pH는 염지전 가슴부분이 6.00∼5.94, 다리부분이 6.55∼6.38로 염지 기간 중 처리구간의 pH의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 닭고기 부위에 따른 차이는 가슴부분보다 다리부분이 조금 높게 나타났다. 염도와 당도는 염지기간 중 증가하는 경향이었으며, 염도의 경우 염지 24시간째 대조구의 가슴과 다리부분이 각각 1.11%, 1.21%를 나타내었다. 그러나 수용성미네랄 첨가구 모두 저장 6시간과 12시간째 대조구의 염도보다도 높은 값을 나타내었다. 당도의 경우도 마찬가지로 대조구 24시간째 19.94brix, 18.89brix를 저장 6시간째 천연물과 기능수 첨가구 모두 가슴과 다리부분에서 높은 당도를 나타내었다. 가열조리 후 각 처리 양념 닭고기제품의 경도 변화는 대조구에 비하여 모든 처리구가 부위에 관계없이 낮은 값을 나타내었으며 특히, 녹차 첨가구는 가슴부분과 다리부분이 각각 122.59, 142.59㎏/㎠로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 항균성의 경우대조구의 가슴부분 4.23CFU/g, 다리부분 4.24CFU/g에 비하여 가슴부분은 녹차 첨가구가 3.76CFU/g, 녹차+게르마늄+수용성미네랄 복합첨가구가 3.61CFU/g로 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 다리부분은 녹차 첨가구가 3.45CFU/g, 녹차+게르마늄+수용성미네랄 복합첨가구가 3.55CFU/g로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 지방산화도의 경우는 부위에 관계없이 대조구에 비하여 낮은 TBARS값을 나타내었고 특히, 녹차 첨가구가 가슴부분 0.43, 다리부분 0.47로 TBARS값이 낮게 나타났다. 다즙성, 연도 및 종합적인 기호도에서는 대조구에 비하여 녹차, 수용성미네랄 및 녹차+게르마늄+수용성미네랄 복합첨가구가 양념 닭고기제품의 다리와 가슴부분 모두에서 유의하게 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 대조구의 유리아미노산 함량 1462.7㎎에 비하여 녹차첨가구의 유리아미노산 함량은 1661.46㎎으로 증가하였고, 고기의 추출물에서 맛과 풍미에 중요한 역할을 하는 아미노산인 glutamic acid의 함량이 대조구에 비하여 녹차 첨가구가 534.24㎎으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. In order to investigate the effects of pickle carrier on physico-chemical characteristics of seasoning chicken products, chicken were cured in seasoning containing 100 ppm germanium water, green tea, water soluble mineral and mixtures(100ppm germanium water+green tea+water soluble mineral) after addition of 0.1% concentration to the weight of chicken. The determination of pH, salt and sugar contents were carried out, according to curing time. The salt content showed 1.11%, 1.21% in cured at 24 hours in control of breast and leg, irrespective of chicken parts, in which showed 19.94 brix, 18.89 brix in sugar content, respectively. These results mean that breast and leg meat added with natural extracts and functional water showed higher sugar content than that of control, in which revealed shortening of curing time by increasing penetrating velocity of salt and sugar content. Thus, salt and sugar content tended to be increased as the curing time of pickle carrier were extended in seasoning chicken after dipping in pickle containing water soluble mineral ions for 6 hours. The seasoning chicken treated with natural extracts and functional water showed a lower than that of control in hardness, irrespective of chicken parts. Overall, the seasoning chicken treated with natural extracts and functional water showed a low TBARS value and Log CFU/g, in which revealed antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. The sensory evaluations of seasoning chicken added with natural extracts and functional water containing water-soluble mineral ions were not significantly different(P<0.05). The glutamic acid among free amino acid contents showed a high in seasoning chicken treated with green tea, compared to control. This amino acid played a important role in taste of seasoning meat. The doneness appearance in seasoning chicken added with natural extracts and functional water containing water-soluble mineral ions tended to not be different, compared to those of control. These results revealed that seasoning chicken added with natural extracts and functional water containing water-soluble mineral ions would be attractive in fast food market on the basis of improvement of tenderness, shortening of curing time and uniformity of roasting appearance in seasoning chicken.

장기저장을 위해 제조한 동결건조 산채 블록의 항산화 활성 변화

유진균(Jin-Kyoun You),정미자(Mi-Ja Chung),김대중(Dae-Jung Kim),최면(Myeon Choe) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.12

곰취(Ligularia fischeri, GC), 고추잎(Capsicum annuum L., GCY), 취나물(Aster scaber, CNM), 머위대(Petasites japonicus S. et Z. Max, MYD) 및 고구마순(Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam), GGM)과 같은 산채들의 물 추출물의 항산화 능력을 평가하고 이들 동결건조 블록 물 추출물들의 항산화력과 비교하였다. 산채 물 추출물들과 그들의 동결건조 블록물 추출물들의 항산화력 측정은 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical 소거작용, hydroxyl radical 소거작용 및 아질산염 소거작용과 같은 방법에 의해 알아보았다. 산채 물 추출물은 그들의 동결건조 물 추출물보다 총 페놀함량이 더 높았다. GC, GCY, CNM, MYD 그리고 GGM 물추출물들의 총 페놀 함량은 각각 471.66±3.52 ㎍/㎎, 141.33±2.51 ㎍/㎎, 177.33±2.88 ㎍/㎎, 238.66±9.50 ㎍/㎎ 그리고 122.67±3.51 ㎍/㎎이었다. 1000 ppm GC, GCY, CNM 그리고 GGM 물 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거작용은 그들의 동결건조 블록 물 추출물보다 더 높았고, 1000 ppm CNM, GC, GCY, MYD 그리고 GGM의 물 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거작용은 각각 90.9%, 89.9%, 76.6%, 71.1% 그리고 57.4%였다. 10000 ppm GC, GCY, CNM, MYD 그리고 GGM 물 추출물들은 hydroxyl radical 소거작용을 각각 38.8%, 33.4%, 35.9%, 34.3% 그리고 33.8%까지 증가시켰고, GCY, CNM 그리고 GGM의 물 추출물은 동결건조 블록 물 추출물과 유사한 활성을 나타내었으나 GC와 MYD의 물 추출물이 이들 동결건조 블록들의 물 추출물의 hydroxyl radical 소거작용보다 약간 더 영향력이 있었다. 산채 물 추출물들과 이들 동결건조 블록 물 추출물들은 실험된 모든 농도에서 DPPH radical 소거작용 및 hydroxyl radical 소거작용을 나타내었다. GC 물 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용은 현저하게 농도 의존적으로 증가하였고, GC 물 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용이 그것의 동결건조 블록 물 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용보다 높았다. 이상의 결과들로부터 동결건조블록이 산채와 비교하여 산채가 가지고 있는 항산화력을 유지하고 있다는 것을 알수 있었다. The antioxidant activities of water extracts from wild vegetables such as Ligularia fischeri (GC), Capsicum annuum L. (GCY), Aster scaber (CNM), Petasites japonicus S. et Z. Max (MYD), Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam) (GGM) were evaluated and compared with water extracts from freeze dried block. The antioxidant properties of water extracts from wild vegetables and their freeze dried block were evaluated using different antioxidant tests; 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activities. The water extracts from wild vegetables were found to have a higher total phenolic content than water extracts from freeze dried block. Total phenolic contents of water extracts from GC, GCY, CNM, MYD, and GGM were 471.66±3.52 ㎍/㎎, 141.33±2.51 ㎍/㎎, 177.33±2.88 ㎍/㎎, 238.66±9.50 ㎍/㎎ and 122.67±3.51 μg/mg, respectively. At the concentrations of 1000 ppm, water extracts from GC, GCY, CNM, and GGM showed higher activities than water extracts from their freeze dried block on DPPH radical scavenger activity. The activity of water extracts from CNM, GC, GCY, MYD, and GGM were 90.9%, 89.9%, 76.6%, 71.1%, and 57.4%, respectively. When 10000 ppm of GC, GCY, CNM, MYD, and GGM water extracts tested for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, activities were increased by 38.8%, 33.4%, 35.9%, 34.3%, and 33.8%, respectively and a similar effect was found with water extracts from GCY, CNM, and GGM freeze dried block at 10000 ppm concentration. However, the water extracts from GC and MYD was slightly more effective than freeze dried block extracts. The water extracts from wild vegetables and their freeze dried block had effective DPPH radical scavenger activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at all tested concentrations. Nitrite scavenging activity of GC water extract significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and the extract had higher nitrite scavenging activity than extracts freeze dried block extracts. We found that freeze dried block maintained antioxidant activities of the wild vegetables.

청고추, 쇠비름, 표고버섯의 물 추출물 및 당침액의 항산화 활성 및 ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase Inhibition 활성 비교

이성미,강윤환,김대중,김경곤,임준구,김태우,최면,Lee, Sung Mee,Kang, Yun Hwan,Kim, Dae Jung,Kim, Kyoung Kon,Lim, Jun Gu,Kim, Tae Woo,Choe, Myeon 동아시아식생활학회 2014 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구에서는 최근 건강 관리를 위해 다양하게 상용되고 있는 당침액의 오 남용을 막기 위해 과학적으로 물 추출물과 당침액의 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 일반 물 추출물과 비교하였을 때 당침액의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 크게 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며, 그에 따라 항산화 활성 또한 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 물 추출물과 비교하여 당침액의 건조 분말에는 설탕 또는 그 분해물들이 많은 부분을 차지하기 때문이라 판단된다. 그러나 혈당강하 효능의 target 효소로 연구되고 있는 ${\alpha}$-amylase 및 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase의 활성을 측정한 결과, 청고추, 쇠비름, 표고버섯의 물 추출물과 당침액은 ${\alpha}$-amylase 억제 활성을 나타내지 않았지만, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 억제 활성은 의약품인 acarbose에는 미치지 못하였으나, 물 추출물에 비해 당침액이 농도 의존적으로 높은 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 세포 독성을 HepG2 cell에서 확인한 결과, 물 추출물과 비교하여 당침액의 독성이 약 1/10 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 민간에서의 믿음처럼 당침액이 물 추출물과 비교하였을 때 모든 부분에서 우수한 기능을 가진다고 할 수 없으며, 활용할 용도에 따라 소재를 물 추출하거나 당침액을 제조하는 등의 가공 과정을 거치는 것이 목표한 기능을 효과적으로 확보하는 방법임을 의미한다. 따라서 민간에서 맹목적으로 믿는 당침액의 효능에 대한 과학적인 연구 접근법은 당침액의 적절한 사용 목적과 방법을 설정하는 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것이다. This study was conducted in order to compare the biological activities of water extracts and sugar immersion extracts of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) by measuring total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were higher in water extracts than in sugar immersion extracts. The anti-oxidative activities of water and sugar immersion extracts were measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assay and reducing power assay. All extracts scavenged radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, and water extracts showed stronger radical scavenging activity and reducing power than sugar immersion extract. However, they all exhibited lower activities than ascorbic acid. Compared to the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, which was used as a positive control, the two types of extracts exhibited low ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities, although the activity of sugar immersion extracts were 2-fold higher than that of water extracts. ${\alpha}$-Amylase inhibitory action was not observed for any of the extracts. Finally, by cytotoxicity test, we confirmed that sugar immersion extracts were safer than water extracts. These results indicate that water extracts and sugar immersion extracts of green pepper, purslane and shiitake have different advantages in terms of their antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects, respectively.

블록 기반의 영상 분할과 수계 경계의 확장을 이용한 수계 검출

예철수 ( Chul-soo Ye ) 대한원격탐사학회 2016 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

This paper presents an extraction method for water body which uses block-based image partitioning and extension of water body boundaries to improve the performance of supervised classification for water body extraction. The Mahalanobis distance image is created by computing the spectral information of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Near Infrared (NIR) band images over a training site within the water body in order to extract an initial water body area. To reduce the effect of noise contained in the Mahalanobis distance image, we apply mean curvature diffusion to the image, which controls diffusion coefficients based on connectivity strength between adjacent pixels and then extract the initial water body area. After partitioning the extracted water body image into the non-overlapping blocks of same size, we update the water body area using the information of water body belonging to water body boundaries. The update is performed repeatedly under the condition that the statistical distance between water body area belonging to water body boundaries and the training site is not greater than a threshold value. The accuracy assessment of the proposed algorithm was tested using KOMPSAT-2 images for the various block sizes between 11×11 and 19×19. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the algorithm varied from 99.47% to 99.53% and from 95.07% to 95.80%, respectively.

Determination of six iodotrihalomethanes in drinking water in Korea

Woo, Bomi,Park, Ju-Hyun,Kim, Seungki,Lee, Jeongae,Choi, Jong-Ho,Pyo, Heesoo Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.640 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Trihalomethanes (THMs) are chemicals regulated by Environmental Protection Agency's first drinking water regulation issued after the passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act. Among THMs, iodotrihalomethanes (I-THMs) are produced by treating water containing iodides ion with chlorine or ozone. I-THMs are more carcinogenic and biotoxic than chlorinated or brominated THMs. The purpose of this study was to analyze of I-THMs in drinking water using the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method with various extraction solvents. The calibration curves ranged from 0.01 to 20 ng/mL and the correlation coefficient showed a good linearity of 0.99 or more. The method detection limit ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 ng/mL. The accuracy of the LLE method ranged from 99.43 to 112.40%, and its precision ranged from 1.10 to 10.36%. Good recoveries (71.35–118.60%) were obtained for spiked drinking water samples, demonstrating that the LLE method is suitable for the analysis of drinking water samples. Dichloroiodomethane, bromochloroiodomethane, and dibromoiodomethane were identified in drinking water collected from 70 places of water purification plants in Korea. The samples were classified by disinfection systems, regions, seasons, and water sources. The concentration of I-THMs in pre-/postchlorination facilities owing to excess chlorine usage was higher than in ozonization/postchlorination facilities. Moreover, the concentrations of I-THMs were high in the coastal region, because of the large amount of halide ions from the sea. There was no seasonal difference; however, the concentration of I-THMs in pre-/postchlorination facilities increased in spring and summer. The concentration of I-THMs in water sources was high in samples from the Geum River and the Yeongsan and Sumjin River. The concentration and detection frequency of I-THMs in Han River and Nakdong River were high in the coastal region, because of numerous pre-/postchlorination facilities and the abundance of halide ions from the ocean.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We established an LLE-GC–MS method for analysis of I-THMs in drinking water. </LI> <LI> The MDL of I-THMs was 0.01–0.10 ng/mL and showed a precision of <11%. </LI> <LI> We analyzed six kinds of I-THMs in drinking water from water purification plants in Korea. </LI> <LI> The samples were classified by disinfection systems, regions, seasons and water sources. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Scheme. The extraction scheme of I-THMs in drinking water.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

버찌(Prunus yedoensis) 추출물의 항산화 활성 평가 및 돈육 패티에 이용

최필수,김형상,진구복,Choi, Pil Soo,Kim, Hyeong Sang,Chin, Koo Bok 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 버찌를 메탄올과 물로 추출한 후 항산화 활성을 측정하여, 버찌의 메탄올과 물 추출물을 돈육패티에 첨가하여 육제품의 천연항산화제의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 버찌의 메탄올 추출물과 물 추출물의 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 버찌 메탄올 추출물이2.17 g/100 g, 물 추출물이 2.77 g/100 g값을 나타내었다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity에서 버찌 메탄올 추출물이 대조구인 ascorbic acid와 농도별로 차이를 보이지 않았고, 2% 농도에서 대조구와 처리구간에 유사한 DPPH radical scavenging activity를 보였다. 환원력은 L-ascorbic acid에 비하여 낮은 수치를 보였으며 추출용매에 따른 환원력의 차이는 미미하였다. 철이온 흡착력은 버찌 메탄올 추출물이 19.8-94.0%, 버찌 물 추출물은 17.8-93.5%를 나타내었다. 버찌 메탄올 추출물은 0.5%의 농도까지 증가하다가 최종 농도인 2%까지 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 물 추출물은 농도가 증가할수록 철이온 흡착력이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 낮은 농도에서는 차이를 보였지만 농도가 증가할수록 대조구와 유사한 수치를 보였다. 버찌의 메탄올 추출물을 각각 0.5%, 1.0% 첨가한 돈육 패티에서 pH와 색도(명도, 적색도, 황색도)가 감소하였고, 지방산패도를 측정하기 위해 수행한 thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) 결과에서 malondialdehyde(MDA) 함량이 대조구와 butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)를 첨가한 참조구에 비해 낮은 결과를 나타내었으나, 저장 중 총균수나 대장균군수에는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면 버찌 추출물이 항산화 효과를 보여 천연 항산화제로써의 기능성 육제품 개발에 이용 가능할 것으로 평가된다. 하지만 버찌 추출물을 첨가하면 색도를 저하시키므로 이에 대한 보완 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of cherry added into meat products. Water and methanol were used to extract the antioxidant compounds from cherry. Total phenolic compounds of the methanol and water extract of cherry were 2.17 g/100 g and 2.77 g/100 g, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of methanol extract showed similar activities to those with ascorbic acid at all concentrations (from 0.1% to 2.0%). Especially, water extract of cherry showed similar activity to those of ascorbic acid (AA), and methanol extract, when 2% of cherry extract was added. The reducing power of cherry was not comparable to those with AA, however no differences in reducing power were observed between the water and methanol extract. The iron chelating ability of cherry was observed in the range of 17.8-94.0% at both water and methanol extracts. An increased iron chelating ability was observed with increased concentration up to 2%. Iron chelating ability for water extract of cherry tended to be lower than those with methanol extract. After pork patties were manufactured with methanol extract of cherry at 0.5 and 1.0%, physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation and microbial changes of patties were measured. The addition of methanol extract of cherry reduced pH, brightness, redness, yellowness and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). During 14 d of storage, pH, TBARS and microbial counts were increased, while redness and yellowness values were decreased. Since the addition of methanol extract of cherry lowered TBARS during storage, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products.