原著 : 노인건강진단 수검자의 건강위험요인과 위장질환의 상관성 연구

김영교 ( Young Gyo Kim ),서부일 ( Bu Il Seo ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2012 東西醫學 Vol.37 No.2

Human`s most fundamental desire is a natural urge and in the present aging society it is to leave long and healthy, it is necessary to take a medical examination to live healthy. By doing so, disease can be detected and treated at an early stage. Hence, a medical examination organized by National Health Insurance Corporation every 12 years is recognized as a basic medical examination by the public and as a result, health risk factors are being issued. The study is designed to analyze the results of medical examination of the examinees by gender; the by characteristics of health risk factors and by the levels of health signal factors. The study also defines the difference in stomach disease by the characteristics of health risk factors, and gives basic information on the cause of stomach diseases, in particular, stomach cancer, and the improvement of living condition in order to improve health of the elderly. The target of study were the 478 old people over 65 years of age living in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, who took medical examination organized by National Health Insurance Corporation at small and large hospitals in Daegu from June to December, 2010. Research used SPSS 12.0 Version, performed frequency and correlation analysis and observed in 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 level of significance. Data collection was based on the standards of National Health Insurance Corporation, and each disease (obesity, hypertension, anemia, diabetics, dislipoproteinemia, liver disease, renal disease, chest disease) was classified into Normal, Alert, and Disease, and the health signals according to the health risk factors (obesity test, drinking, smoking, exercise, blood pressure, blood sugar level, LDL cholesterol) were classified into Safe, Alert and Danger, and the data was recorded respectively. In the study, candidates were composed of 42.7% male and 57.3% female, and the age group was composed of two ; 73% of age group between 65 75 years old; and 27% of age group over 75 years old; the data was input and analyzed in the two groups. 1) According to the medical examination, the distribution of diseases showed 33.1% in obesity, 54% in hypertension, 21.1% in chest disease and 91.6% in hyperlipoproteinemia, and the result is exceptional in 99.0%. 2) By observing the distribution of symptoms of health risk factors, obesity was 46.2% in Alert group; exercise was 48.5% in Alert, 48.1% in Danger; hypertension was 51.3% in Alert, 48.1% in Danger; LDL cholesterol was 20.7% in Alert group. In the distribution of stomach disease, gastritis was highest with 67.2%; helicobacter pylon infection 20.7%; abnormal esophagi 18.6%; gastric reflux 14%; and stomach ulcer was 12.8%; and abnormal duodenum was 9.2% respectively. 3) Health risk factors and correlation between stomach disease and gender In health risk factors and correlation between stomach disease and gender, obesity (p<0.00l), drinking (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.00l), exercise (p<0.001), LDL cholesterol (p<0.001) all showed similar differences statistically ; and in obesity female was higher than male ; smoking and drinking were higher in male; in exercise in Danger group female was higher than male and in Alert group male was higher than female; and in LDL cholesterol female was higher than male. In gastroscopy results by gender, stomach disease (p<0.00l) and esophagi disease (p<0001) showed a similar difference statistically. In stomach disease, male had gastritis, gastric ulcer and stomach reflux in order; female had gastritis, stomach reflux, and gastric ulcer in order. In esophagi disease, male showed 24.5% abnormality and female showed 14.2% abnormality respectively. 4) Correlation between the health risk factors and stomach disease Among health risk factors, blood sugar level and esophagi disease (p<O.O6) showed similar difference statistically; drinking and esophagi disease did not show similar difference but presented a higher correlation. In smoking and duodenum disease (p<0.05) a similar difference was seen; and helicobacter pylon infection presented a similar correlation with smoking (p<O.O5), hypertension (p<0.05) and LDL cholesterol (p<O.05). By summarizing the results above, in health risk factor blood sugar level, drinking, smoking, hypertension and LDL cholesterols showed a similar correlation with stomach disease, in particular, blood sugar level seems to be a risk factor of esophagi disease ; smoking and duodenum disease; hypertension and smoking ; and LDL cholesterol with helicobacter pylon infection respectively. Therefore, by undergoing medical examination by National Health Insurance Corporation, it is important to manage the health of the public, maintain and improve their health, and particularly understand the health condition of the aged, and detect and treat the disease at an early stage; but more importantly, by understanding individual risk factors, and by effective improvement of lifestyle, health risk factor can be detected and removed at an early stage. To promote the improvement in quality of the public health, and to reduce the public medical expenses, I wish to suggest as below. It is considered that additional study on the health risk factors of people over 40 years of age, who are more exposed to health risk factors, and the cause of stomach disease is needed. 1`o improve the health of the elderly, various programs and a continuous systematic management as a measure are suggested.

청소년 성행동에 영향을 주는 위험요인 및 보호요인의 분석

한상철 미래를 여는 청소년학회 2009 미래청소년학회지 Vol.6 No.4

The main purpose of this study is to analysis the influences of risk factors and protective factors on adolescent's sex risk behavior. A sex impulsivity, a sensation seeking, a negative coping strategy, and a peer pressure as risk factors were presented by a prior researchers. A positive coping strategy, a positive perception on school life, a parent's rearing behavior(father and mother), and a parent-child's communication (father, mother) as protective factors were selected to base on previous studies, and found by researchers that these factors have buffering effect of risk factors on a sex risk behavior. The subjects are 600 2nd grade students of middle and high schools in D city. Scales for measuring these variables are all eight, such as a sex risk behavior scale constructed of 20 items, a sex impulsivity scale with 12 items, a stress coping strategy(positive, negative) scale constructed of 36 items, a sensation seeking scale with 20 items, a peer pressure scale with 20 items, a positive perception on school life scale with 9 items, a parent's rearing behavior involving monitoring and controlling scale with 9 items, a parent-child communication scale with 20 items. Statistical procedures used for data analysis were Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are: (1) As expected, all risk factors predicted significantly sex risk behavior. The higher risk factors was, the higher sex behavior was found in adolescent. are identified as risk factors. (2) The result showed that a positive coping strategy, a parent's monitoring and controlling rearing behavior, a parent-child communication as protective factors have buffering effect of sex impulsivity and sensation seeking on adolescent's sex behavior. This results were discussed with that considering an treatment effect of protective factors for preventing adolescent's various risk behaviors is importance. 본 연구는 청소년 성행동을 위험행동으로 규정하고, 이에 영향을 주는 위험요인과 보호요인을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 위험요인은 위험행동의 원인이 되지만, 보호요인은 위험요인이 위험행동에 미치는 영향을 상쇄시키는 조절효과를 갖는다. 선행연구를 통해 선정된 위험요인은 성충동, 감각추구성향, 소극적 대처전략, 또래압력 지각이며, 보호요인으로 가정한 것은 적극적 대처전략, 학교에 대한 긍정적 지각, 부모의 감시 및 통제, 부모와의 의사소통이다. 이들 위험요인 및 보호요인이 실제로 성 위험행동에 영향을 주고, 조절효과를 갖는지 확인해 보고자 한다. 연구대상은 중학교, 인문고, 전문계고에서 표집한 총 600명의 청소년들이며, 성 위험행동을 비롯하여 4개의 위험요인과 6개의 보호요인을 측정할 수 있는 총 8개의 척도를 구성하였다. 위계적 중다회귀분석을 통해 1단계에서 위험요인의 영향력을 확인하고, 2단계에서 보호요인의 위험행동과의 관련성을 검증하고, 3단계에서 상호작용 검증을 통해 보호요인의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 4개의 위험요인은 성 위험행동을 의미 있게 설명해 주었으며, 6개의 보호요인은 위험행동과 부적인 관계를 나타내었다. 보호요인의 조절효과를 확인한 결과 위험요인으로 성충동이 투입되었을 때 적극적 대처, 부와의 의사소통, 모와의 의사소통이 각각 의미 있는 상호작용을 나타냄으로서 보호요인으로 확인되었으며, 감각추구성향이 위험요인으로 투입되었을 때는 적극적 대처, 부와 모의 감시 및 통제 양육행동, 부와의 의사소통이 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 청소년 성 행동에 영향을 주는 개인 내적 위험요인으로 성충동, 감각추구성향, 소극적 대처, 또래압력이 확인되었으며, 이들 위험요인의 부정적 영향력을 상쇄시켜 주는 보호요인으로는 적극적 대처전략, 부와 모의 감시 및 통제 양육행동, 부모와의 원활한 의사소통이 확인되었다. 청소년 성행동 지도에 있어서 극단적인 위험요인은 계속해서 제거시켜 나가야 하겠지만 이와 더불어 보호요인의 처치를 통해 청소년의 긍정적인 발달을 촉진시켜 나가는 것이 더 중요하다는 점을 논의하였다.

사업장 위험요소 존재와 산업재해 발생의 관련성에 관한 연구 - 제9차 산업안전보건 실태조사 자료를 중심으로 -

엄수현,최서연 사단법인 한국안전문화학회 2022 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.17

In this study, focusing on the 'Focused on the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Survey Data', the existence of risk factors in the workplace and the relevance of the occurrence of industrial accidents are confirmed, and based on this, the existence of risk factors is identified in advance and safety and health management measures to reduce occupational accidents. It was carried out for the purpose of use as basic data for establishment. Among the raw data of ‘Focused on the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Survey Data’, 5,108 workplaces were selected for final analysis. The data are divided by industry, and the size of the workplace (number of workers), the occurrence of industrial accidents (as of 2017), mental/psychological, chemical substances, physical, ergonomics, presence of dangerous machinery/equipment, and the presence or absence of risk factors for work in hazardous places are 6 Statistical analysis was performed using the items. As a result, the occurrence of industrial accidents by industry was highest in the construction industry, manufacturing industry, and service industry. In the manufacturing and service industries, the larger the workplace, the higher the occurrence of industrial accidents, and in the construction industry, the occurrence of workplaces with 100 or more workers was higher. In the relationship between companies, in the manufacturing and service industries, the occurrence of industrial accidents among in-house subcontractors of the prime contractor was high, and in the construction industry, the occurrence of industrial accidents was high in the workplaces other than the principal and subcontractors. As for the presence of risk factors in the workplace, the presence of hazardous machinery and equipment risk factors in the manufacturing industry, mental and psychological risk factors in the service industry, and the presence of risk factors in dangerous places in the construction industry were found to be the highest. difference in existence. Occupational accidents were found to be highly correlated when risk factors were present. Through this study, it was confirmed that the relationship between the business type, size, and company of the workplace is related to the occurrence of industrial accidents. In addition, although the presence of risk factors in the workplace is highly related to the occurrence of industrial accidents, there are differences according to the industry. The safety and health system of the workplace should be established after identifying the characteristics of the workplace and the existence of risk factors in advance, and improvement and countermeasures should be prepared by identifying harmful risk factors through the search for accidents occurring at the workplace and discovering potential risk factors.

열성 경련 재발의 위험인자와 그들의 조합에 따른 재발률 조사

문수정,선규근,김은영,나경희,박선영,김경심,김용욱,Moon, Su Jung,Sun, Gu Ken,Kim, Eun Young,Na, Kyong Hee,Park, Sun Young,Kim, Kyoung Sim,Kim, Yong Wook 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.11

목 적: 열성 경련은 6개월에서 5세사이 소아의 2-5%가 경험하게 되는 소아과 영역에서 가장 흔한 신경계 질환으로, 열성 경련 환아 중 30-50%가 재발을 경험한다. 열성 경련의 재발을 증가시키는 위험인자들에 대한 연구들은 많이 되어 있으나, 여러 위험인자들이 재발에 관계되어 일관된 결과를 나타내지 않기 때문에 개개 위험인자에 따른 분석보다는 여러 인자들을 조합해 재발률이 높은 환자군을 가려내어 이들에게 예방적 항경련제를 투여하는 것이 효과적이라 하겠다. 따라서 저자들은 열성 경련 재발의 위험인자들을 알아 보고, 나아가 의의있는 인자들을 조합하여 재발률이 높은 군을 가려냄으로써 열성 경련의 재발을 예방하기 위한 항경련제 투여를 결정하는 데 도움이 되고자 하였다. 방 법: 1997년 3월부터 1999년 7월까지 2년 5개월동안 본원에 열성 경련으로 입원한 환자 중 최소 2년이상 외래에서 추적 관찰이 가능했던 204명을 대상으로 하여 성별, 첫 열성 경련의 발생 연령, 열성 경련과 간질의 가족력 유무, 첫 경련의 형태, 신경학적 이상 유무, 뇌파의 이상 유무 등에 따라 재발률을 조사, 비교하였다. 그리고 통계적으로 유의하였던 재발의 위험인자들을 조합하여 재발률을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1. 위험인자별 재발률 첫 열성 경련의 발생 연령이 12개월 이전이었던 68명 중 48명(70.5%)에서 재발하여, 12개월 이후에 첫 경련이 있었던 군(66/136명, 48.5%)에 비해 재발이 유의하게 많았다(P=0.0027). 사촌이내에 열성 경련의 가족력이 있는 52명 중 39명(75.0%)이 재발하여, 가족력이 없는 군(75명/152명, 47.5%)에 비해 재발이 유의하게 많았다(P=0.0006). 성별, 간질의 가족력, 첫 열성 경련의 형태, 첫 경련전 신경계 발달 이상, 뇌파의 이상 등은 열성 경련의 재발을 증가시키지 못했다. 2. 유의한 재발인자들의 조합에 따른 재발률 열성 경련의 가족력과 첫 열성 경련의 발생 연령이 재발의 위험인자로 유의하였으므로 이들 인자들을 조합하여 재발률을 조사하였다. 1) 첫 재발률 열성 경련의 가족력이 없고 첫 경련시기가 12개월 이후였던 경우(위험인자가 없는 경우)는 43.8%에서 재발이 일어났다. 열성 경련의 가족력이 없고 첫 경련의 시기가 12개월 이전이었던 경우(위험인자가 하나)는 61.7%에서 재발이 일어났다. 열성 경련의 가족력이 있으면서 첫 경련의 발생이 12개월 이후였던 경우(위험인자가 하나)는 64.5%에서 재발이 일어났다. 열성 경련의 가족력이 있으면서 12개월 이전에 첫 경련이 있었던 경우(두가지 위험인자를 모두 가진 경우)는 90.4%에서 재발이 일어났다. 2) 두 번째 재발률 위험인자가 없는 경우는 18.1%, 하나인 경우는 44.7%, 54.9%였고, 두가지 위험인자를 모두 가진 경우는 81.0%의 높은 재발률을 보였다. 결 론 : 열성 경련의 가족력과 첫 열성 경련의 발생연령(12개월 미만)이 열성 경련 재발의 의미있는 위험인자이었고, 인자 조합시 유의한 재발인자의 수가 많아지면 재발률도 증가하였다. 열성 경련의 가족력이 있으면서 12개월 이전에 첫 열성 경련이 있었던 환아들은 재발률이 90%나 되는 고위험군에 속하였다. Purpose : In previous studies, various risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures have been identified. But none of these risk factors alone could sufficiently discriminate children at high or low risk for recurrent seizures. Therefore, we tried to identify patients at high risk of recurrent febrile seizures by combining risk factors. Methods : Two hundred and four children who had been admitted to our hospital from March, 1997 to July, 1999 with their first febrile seizures were enrolled in our study, and followed up over 2 years. We investigated the recurrence rate according to variables such as sex, age at first febrile seizure, family history of febrile seizures or epilepsy, type of the first seizure, neurologic abnormality and EEG abnormality. Results : Family history of febrile seizures and age at first febrile seizure(<12 months) were significant independent risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures. With these two combined factors, four groups were allocated and the recurrence rate by each group was designated as follows: group with no family history of febrile seizures and age at first febrile seizure ${\geq}12$ months (no risk factor), 43.8%; the group with no family history and age <12 months(one risk factor), 61.7%; group with family history and age ${\geq}12$ months(one risk factor), 64.5%; group with family history and age <12 months(two risk factors), 90.4%. Conclusion : A correlation between numbers of risk factors and recurrence rate was present and the children with a family history of febrile seizures and a young age at onset(<12 months) were regarded as a high risk group of recurrence.

열성 경련 재발의 위험인자에 따른 고위험군 선별에 대한 연구

유선희 (Sun Hee Yu),임선웅(Sun Woong Lim),장영택(Young Taek Jang) 대한소아신경학회 2003 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

목 적 : 열성 경련은 전체 소아의 2-5%에서 최소한 1회 이상 발생하는 것으로 상당히 많은 질환임에도 불구하고 예방 및 치료에 대하여 일치된 의견이 없다. 또한 열성 경련의 예후는 대부분 양성 경과를 취하지만 30-40%에서 재발하게 되며, 드물지만 간질로 이행하거나 신경학적인 부작용이 나타날 수 있어 열성 경련을 경험한 어린이의 부모들은 많은 위기감을 느끼게 된다. 이에 열성 경련의 재발에 대한 위험인자를 살펴보고, 그에 따른 고위험군을 선별하여 그들의 부모에 대한 적절한 교육 및 치료를 하는데 도움이 되고자 연구를 시작하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 3월부터 2001년 8월까지 6년 6개월 동안 발열을 동반한 경련을 주소로 전주예수병원을 방문하여 응급실에서 치료를 받았거나 입원했던 만 6개월에서 5세 사이의 환아 중 초회의 경련이면서 비열성 경련의 과거력이 없으며, 중추신경계 감염이 없는, 2년 이상 추적 관찰이 가능한 342명을 대상으로 하여 첫 열성 경련 시의 연령, 발열의 정도, 경련의 지속시간, 경련의 형태, 혈청 나트륨 농도, 성별, 신경학적인 이상 유무, 가족력 등과 열성 경련의 재발과의 관계를 조사, 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 첫 열성 경련 시 성별 및 연령 분포 : 대상 환아의 남녀의 비는 1.33:1이었으며 첫 열성 경련시의 연령 분포는 18개월 이하가 48.5%로 가장 호발하였다. 2) 위험인자별 재발률 : 첫 열성 경련의 발생 연령이 18개월 이하였던 166명 중 69명(41.6%)에서 재발하여 다른 연령 군에 비하여 재발률이 유의하게 높았다(P=0.014). 성별에 따른 재발률은 남녀각각 33.3%, 34.7%로 재발률의 차이는 없었으며, 열성 경련이 생기기 전 신경학적 이상의 유무에 따른 재발률도 각각 33.9%와 33.3%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 열성 경련의 가족력이 있었던 경우 52.2%의 재발률을 보였고, 가족력이 없는 군에 비하여 재발률이 유의하게 높았다(p=0.002). 간질의 가족력과 열성 경련의 재발과의 관계는 정확히 알 수 없었다. 초발 열성 경련 시의 발열의 정도는 재발률과의 관계에 있어서는 39℃ 미만과 39℃ 이상에서 각각 35.1%, 33.6%의 재발률을 보여 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 초발 열성 경련의 경련 형태에 따른 재발률은 단순 열성 경련인 경우와 복합 열성 경련인 경우 각각 32.2%와 43.6%의 재발률을 보여 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 혈청 나트륨 농도에 따른 재발률에 있어서도 135 mEq/L 이상과 미만에서 각각 29.5%, 35.1%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상을 종합하여 볼 때, 초발 열성 경련 시의 연령과 열성 경련의 가족력이 유의한 위험인자로 나타났으며, 위험인자가 없는 경우와 1개인 경우, 2개인 경우에 재발률은 각각 21.9%, 36.4%, 57.1%로 위험인자가 많을수록 재발률이 유의하게 높았다(P=0.001). 3) 열성 경련의 재발 시기 : 재발을 경험한 환아에 있어 재발 시기는 6개월 이내가 39.7%, 1년 이내가 69.9%, 2년 이내가 94.0%로서 대부분 첫 열성 경련 후 2년 이내에 재발하였다. 결 론 : 열성 경련 재발 예측의 위험인자로서 첫 열성 경련의 발생 연령(18개월 이하)과 열성 경련의 가족력이 의미가 있었고, 위험인자가 없는 경우 보다 위험인자의 수가 많을수록 열성 경련의 재발률은 의미 있게 증가하였고, 재발의 시기는 대부분 첫 열성 경련 후 2년 이내에 재발하였다. 따라서 위와 같은 위험인자를 가진 경우에 있어서, 특히 두 가지 요인을 모두 가진 환아는 고위험군으로서 열성 경련의 재발 가능성, 고열에 대한 대처, 재발 시 대처, 열성 경련의 예후 등에 대해서 더 많은 관심과 교육이 필요하다. Purpose : Febrile seizure affects 2 to 5% of children, but 30 to 40% of the children who already had febrile seizure experience another febrile seizure. We researched to define a high risk group of recurrent febrile seizures through investigating several risk factors. Methods : We evaluated 342 patients who were admitted to our hospital or treated in the emergency room for their first febrile seizure from March, 1995 to August, 2001. We assessed various risk factors, such as age, the type of seizure, body temperature, serum sodium concentration, sex, neurologic abnormalities, and family history of febrile seizure or epilepsy. Results : Age at the first febrile seizure(≤18 months) and family history of febrile seizure were significant risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizure. The study showed that 21.9% of the children who had none of these risk factors, 36.4% of the children who had one, and 57.1% of the children who had both factors had recurrent febrile seizures. Thus, the recurrence rates clearly increase as the number of these factors increase. Conclusion : Two major risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures were identified: early onset(≤18 months) and family history of febrile seizure. The risk of recurrent febrile seizures increased with the number of these risk factors increased. Consequently, children with both risk factors were considered to belong to a high risk group of recurrent febrile seizures.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and 10-year Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Korean Women

부선주,Erika Sivarajan Froelicher 한국간호과학회 2012 Asian Nursing Research Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to estimate the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 2,998 Korean women (weighted n ¼ 14,420,987) aged 20e79 years without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Ten-year risk for CHD was estimated with the Framingham Risk Score, and the proportions for three levels of 10-year risk were presented. Results: About 18% of the sample had hypertension, 7.5% are current smoker, 30.0% had total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, 25.7% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 130 mg/dL, and 47.3% had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 50 mg/dL. About 46% of Korean women were overweight or obese,and 33.3% were sedentary. About 75% of women had one or more major risk factors. In this study sample,98.5% had a 10-year risk for CHD of < 10%, 1.4% had a risk of 10e20%, and 0.1% had a risk of >20%. Conclusion: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Korean women, and the combination of risk factors is common. Development and implementation of multifaceted nursing interventions are required to confront the current epidemic rise of CHD in Korean women. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to estimate the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 2,998 Korean women (weighted n ¼ 14,420,987) aged 20e79 years without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Ten-year risk for CHD was estimated with the Framingham Risk Score, and the proportions for three levels of 10-year risk were presented. Results: About 18% of the sample had hypertension, 7.5% are current smoker, 30.0% had total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, 25.7% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 130 mg/dL, and 47.3% had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 50 mg/dL. About 46% of Korean women were overweight or obese,and 33.3% were sedentary. About 75% of women had one or more major risk factors. In this study sample,98.5% had a 10-year risk for CHD of < 10%, 1.4% had a risk of 10e20%, and 0.1% had a risk of >20%. Conclusion: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Korean women, and the combination of risk factors is common. Development and implementation of multifaceted nursing interventions are required to confront the current epidemic rise of CHD in Korean women.

Association between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Vascular Risk Factors in Aging Men: The Hallym Aging Study

김세영,정진영,최용준,김동현,이원기,이성호,이상곤 대한비뇨의학회 2010 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.51 No.7

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and risk factors for vascular diseases in a population-based cohort study, the Hallym Aging Study (HAS). Materials and Methods: Among the 1,520 participants in HAS, 280 men aged more than 50 years, who underwent detailed health evaluations, including health-related questionnaires, evaluations of their medical history, and various life style factors, as well as clinical measurements, were included in the study. Vascular risk factors used in the present study including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking and were assessed by medical history and clinical measurements. LUTS were assessed by validated questionnaires, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the relationship between LUTS and vascular risk factors was investigated. Results: Of the 280 men, 175 (62.5%) had moderate/severe LUTS (IPSS>7) and 260 (93%) had one or more vascular risk factors. The IPSS was similar in those with no (11.6±9.7) and one or two (11.5±8.5) vascular risk factors, but increased to 15.1±9.3 in those with 3 or more vascular risk factors (p<0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) showed that men with 3 or more vascular risk factors were 3 times more likely to have moderate/severe LUTS than men without vascular risk factors (p<0.05). Conclusions: Men with risk factors for vascular diseases are more likely to have LUTS and these findings suggest that vascular risk factors play a role in the development of LUTS.

해운항만 물류에서 리스크 발생요인이 리스크 관리전략과 성과에 미치는 영향

유염봉,이영신,이충배,류희찬 한국물류학회 2022 물류학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Driven by the development of globalization and information and communication technology, transactions have flourished on a global scale. Shipping and ports contribute to the development of the national economy and regional economy by supporting international transportation and seeking smooth international trade. However, the frequency and risk of danger in the maritime and port sectors are also increasing. The purpose of this research is to grasp the risk factors in shipping and port logistics, analyze the impact of risk management strategies on financial results and operational results, and propose risk management plans for shipping and ports. The results of the analysis using the structural equation model show that among the risk factors, port operation factors and marine transportation factors have had a significant impact on the risk management strategy, and environmental factors only affect the ex-post risk management strategy. For the purpose of reducing the number of accidents and reducing economic losses, shipping and port logistics enterprises actively promote the risk management strategy in the operation of enterprises among internal and external risk factors. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary for companies to conduct a thorough analysis of the various risk factors that affect their operations, and implement proactive, preemptive and after-the-fact response strategies. 글로벌화와 정보통신기술의 발전에 힘입어 전 세계적으로 교역이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 해운과 항만은 국제운송을 지원함으로써 원활한 국제무역을 도모하며 국민경제와 지역경제 발전에 기여하고 있다. 그러나 해운과 항만분야에는 다양한 위험요소가 존재하며 최근 그 발생빈도와 위험의 심각성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 해운항만 물류에서의 리스크 발생요인을 규명하고리스크 관리전략이 기업의 재무적 성과와 운영적 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 해운항만의 리스크 관리방안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 구조방정식모형을 활용하여 분석한 결과, 리스크 요인에서 항만운영 요인과 해상운송 요인이 리스크 관리전략에 모두유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 외부환경 요인은 사후적 리스크 관리전략에만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 리스크 관리전략은 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 해운항만 물류 기업들은 사고의 발생 건수를 줄이고 경제적 손실을 감소시킬 목적으로서 내외적인 리스크 요인에서 기업의 운영에 있어 적극적인 리스크 관리전략을 추진해 나가고 있는것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 향후 기업들은 그들의 성과를 높이기 위하여 기업운영에 영향을 미치는 다양한 리스크 요인에 대한 철저한 분석을 통해 선제적 그리고 적극적으로 사후적인 대응전략을 추진해 나갈 필요가 있을 것이다.

청소년 위험행동의 보호요인과 위험요인의 다차원성 모형검증 연구

전학열,최중진,김청송 한국건강심리학회 2015 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구는 청소년 위험행동의 보호 및 위험요인의 다차원성을 가정하고 있는 부합-통제가설을 심리적․환경적 위기에 직면한 청소년들에게 적용하여 위험행동의 보호요인과 위험요인의 관계성을 실증적으로 검증하기 위하여 실시되었다. 위험요인에 따라 탄력성이 다르게 작용하는가를 확인한 결과 희망과 생활역량이 충동성과 위험행동 간의 관계를 이중 매개한다는 것이 확인되었다. 이는 동일한 위험요인 수준에서는 보호요인의 누적이 위험요인의 영향을 상쇄할 것이라고 가정하는 보상모델(compensatory model)을 입증하는 것이다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 1) 환경적 위험요인의 정도에 따라 탄력성 및 취약성요인들의 기능이 긍정 혹은 부정적으로 작동할 수 있기 때문에 보호요인과 위험요인 그리고 탄력성과 취약성을 구분해야 할 이론적인 유용성과, 2) 보호요인이나 위험요인의 작용은 탄력성이나 취약성의 개입여부에 따라 달라질 수 있기 때문에 보호요인과 위험요인의 다차원성 가설이 지지된 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 함의 및 추후연구의 방향을 논의하였다. The aim of this study was to identify and comprehend the multidimensional model of risk factors and protective factors of risk behaviors of youth. In this study, 627 middle and high school students in Gyeonggi-do were asked to administer to the following scales: Risk Factors Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Ⅱ, Sensation Seeking Scale (V), K-DHS, Life Competence Diagnostic Scale, Risk Behaviors Scale, and Impulsivity act on risk behaviors. As a result, sensation-seeking was found to have an independent effect, acting as a mediate variable. Despite that risk factors existed, life-competence bumpered on the risk behaviors of adolescents. Therefore, life-competence had an effect on risky behaviors, as a moderating variable in adverse environments. Hope and life-competence were verified as dual-mediators between impulsivity and risk behaviors. These results showed that the cumulative compensatory model was fit for explaining the risk factors among adolescents at risk. In the case of low levels of risk, hope acted as a mediating variable, but not at the high level of risk. However, life-competence, as a moderating variable between sensation-seeking and risk factors, acted in high-level risk environments. In conclusion, the multi-dimensional model of risk factors and protective factors of youth was more appropriate than the previous single-dimensional model. These outcomes suggest that a more tailored-intervention should be provided for moderating the risk behaviors of at-risk adolescents.

Impact of Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Young Adults: The Kangwha Study

Chang, Hoo-Sun,Kim, Hyeon-Chang,Ahn, Song-Vogue,Hur, Nam-Wook,Suh, Il The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: Although risk factors for coronary artery disease are also associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), there is little information available on the asymptomatic, young adult population. We examined the association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the common carotid IMT in 280 young Korean adults. Methods: The data used for this study was obtained from 280 subjects (130 men and 150 women) aged 25 years who participated in the Kangwha Study follow-up examination in 2005. We measured cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometries, blood pressure, blood chemistry, carotid ultrasonography, and reviewed questionnaires on health behaviors. Risk factors were defined as values above the sex-specific 75th percentile of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting blood glucose and smoking status. Results: The mean carotid IMT${\pm}$standard deviation observed was $0.683{\pm}0.079mm$ in men and $0.678{\pm}0.067mm$ in women (p=0.567) and the evidence of plaque was not observed in any individuals. Mean carotid IMT increased with an increasing number of risk factors(p for trend <0.001) and carotid IMT values were 0.665 mm, 0.674 mm, 0.686 mm, 0.702 mm, and 0.748 mm for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5 risk factors, respectively. The odds ratio for having the top quartile carotid IMT in men with 3 or more risk factors versus 0-2 risk factors was 5.09 (95% CI, 2.05-12.64). Conclusions: Current findings indicate the need for prevention and control of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and more focus on those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.