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한국 특수교육의 효율성 제고를 위한 교육경제학 사고적 접근: 교육경제학과의 통섭(統攝)
김용욱,강성종,이인 한국특수교육학회 2011 특수교육학연구 Vol.45 No.4
Korean special education which was propagated by foreign missionaries has a 100-years-old history. Since it began, Korean special education as an indicator of the accomplishment of the country's welfare, which is characterized by the advance in academics, guarantee of a standard quality for the handicapped, and improvement in educational circumstances, fulfilled by sustaining education finance. Despite national effort and the endeavor of the special education field, the current situation of the special education faces the question of its effectiveness and demands improvement. This matter can not be easily ignore; it is a crucial issue concerning special education and demands an active solution. We can achieve effectiveness in special education through appropriate accessibility, enhanced opportunity, and proper output followed by a specific amount of investment. In that sense, appropriate accessibility achieved through national and societal effort and enhanced opportunities achieved through compulsory education are close to the objective standards set in the Korean society. However, the issue of the proper output followed by specific amount of investment-that is, guaranteed efficiency of the investment that should be achieved in order to advance special education-is far from the objective standards set in the Korean society. In other words, although the education finance allocated for special education is continuously increasing every year, verification of output is mishandled. This study aims to solve this problem through the consilience of the economics of education. The result of the study is based on two essential matter of the economics of education, the internal and external. efficiency of education and the external efficiency of education. The results of this study will suggest the path way for achieving guaranteed efficiency in education, as required to advancing Korean special education. Furthermore, I hope that the consilience of the economics of education, which was used in this study, will be the one aspect that ignites discussions on effective Korean special education. 한국 특수교육은 외국 선교사들에 의한 전파(傳播)를 계기로 태동한 이후 100년이 넘는 역사를 가지고 있으며 학문적 발전, 장애인의 질적 삶 보장, 교육재정 확보를 통한 교육환경 개선 등 복지국가 달성의 바로미터 역할을 해 왔다. 그러나 국가적, 특수교육학적 노력에도 불구하고 여전히 사회구성원들과 장애당사자들은 특수교육에 대한 다측면의 문제 제기와 개선 요구가 이어지고 있는 것이 현상적 실재(實在)이다. 이러한 문제는 감성에 호소하거나 구호에 거치는 정도의 간과문제가 아니라 적극적 해결과제로써 특수교육의 중요한 이슈(issue)로 파악하였다. 특수교육적 가치는 접근성 확보, 기회 확대, 투자대비 산출(생산성)에 기인한다고 볼 때, 국가ㆍ사회적 노력을 통한 접근성 확보와 의무교육을 통한 기회 확대는 목표수준에 접근하고 있다고 판단된다. 그러나 특수교육 진전을 위한 교육재정 투자의 효율성 제고는 미온적 대처 수준에 있다고 진단하였다. 본 연구는 한국 특수교육과 교육경제학의 통섭(統攝)에 대한 논의를 촉발시키기 위한 시론(始論)적인 연구 성격을 가진다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 첫째, 특수교육 관점에서 교육경제학적 사고 가능성을 탐색하였고 둘째, 한국 특수교육의 효율성 제고를 위한 교육경제학과의 통섭적 사고 방안을 3가지로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 시도한 교육경제학과의 통섭적 사고 방안은 한국 특수교육의 발전적 논의를 위한 시론이 될 것으로 기대한다.
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김용욱,문흥규 한국산림과학회 2008 한국산림과학회지 Vol.97 No.5
The study aimed to develop a cryopreservation method for long-term storage using mature somatic embryo of Japanese larch. In this study, desiccation treatments significantly affected re-induction rates of embryogenic tissue (ET) from dried somatic embryos. In the effect of different dehydration temperature and duration on the re-initiation ET, the highest frequency was shown when somatic embryos were dehydrated at 25℃ for 2 (45.5 %) or 1 day (43.3 %), respectively. In addition, low temperatures [4℃, 2 days (44.2%) or 3 days (43.5%)] were marked higher ET initiation. After that, the initiation value was declined with dehydration duration. For comparison of different relative humidity on re-induction frequency of ET, the best re-induction (43.5 %) was obtained from somatic embryos pre-dried at (NH4)2SO4 (RH 79%). Both Na2HPO4 (RH 97 %) and Na2CO3 (RH 88 %) treatments were showed the similar rate, 34.6, 34.2 %, respectively. However the lowest rate (19.6 %) was observed in distilled water (RH 100 %). In comparison of the various storage temperatures and duration of the dried somatic embryos, the highest frequency (66.9 %) of re-initiation was obtained when somatic embryos were cryopreserved for one day. However, the frequency was gradually decreased as the time length of storage increased regardless of types of storage. None of ET re-initiated when stored at 4 ℃ for 1, 2 and 84 days.
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