뇌혈관질환의 예측인자로서의 악력

정석환,김재현 한국보건행정학회 2019 보건행정학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is included in four major diseases and is a disease that has high rates of prevalence and mortality around the world. Moreover, it is a disease that requires a high cost for long-term hospitalization and treatment. This study aims to figure out the correlation between grip strength, which was presented as a simple, cost-effective, and relevant predictor of cerebrovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the results of a prior study. And furthermore, our study compared model suitability of the model to measuring grip strength and relative grip strength as a predictor of cerebrovascular disease to improve the quality of cerebrovascular disease’s predictor. Methods: This study conducted an analysis based on the generalized linear mixed model using the data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2016. The research subjects consisted of 9,132 middle old age people aged 45 years or older at baseline with no missing information of education level, gender, marital status, residential region, type of national health insurance, self-related health, smoking status, alcohol use, and economic activity. The grip strength was calculated the average which measured 4 times (both hands twice), and the relative grip force was divided by the body mass index as a variable considering the anthropometric figure that affects the cerebrovascular disease and the grip strength. Cerebrovascular diseases, a dependent variable, were investigated based on experiences diagnosed by doctors. Results: An analysis of the association between grip strength and found that about 0.972 (odds ratio [OR], 0.972; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.963–0.981) was the incidence of cerebral vascular disease as grip strength increased by one unit increase and the association between relative grip strength and cerebrovascular disease found that about 0.418 (OR, 0.418; 95% CI, 0.342–0.511) was the incidence of cerebral vascular disease as relative grip strength increased by unit. In addition, the model suitability of the model for each grip strength and relative grip strength was 11,193 and 11,156, which means relative grip strength is the better application to the predictor of cerebrovascular diseases, irrespective of other variables. Conclusion: The results of this study need to be carefully examined and validated in applying relative grip strength to improve the quality of predictors of cerebrovascular diseases affecting high mortality and prevalence.

취학 전ㆍ후 정상 아동의 장악력과 손가락 쥐는 힘에 대한 표준화 연구

오혜원,박은숙,박창일,신지철 대한작업치료학회 2000 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find the standard value of hand width, of grip strength and of pinch strength by age, sex, and by left hand and right hand and also to find how the general characteristics influences grip strength and pinch strength. Martin Vigorimeter (List No. 17-27-01) was used for measuring grip strength, and the pinch gauge (0∼30 lbs) of B&L engineering for measuring pinch strength. The subjects of this study are the children at the age of three to seven years, who attending the babies' play room, kindergarten and the primary school in Seoul and the Kyungki province area. They all were normally developed without any significant neurology problem. wo hundred girls and two hundred boys were partifipated in this study. They were divided into ten subgroups according to the age of six month interval. Each group consisted of forty children of twenty boys and twenty girls. Analysis of data presents the technical statistics upon the hand width of right and left hand and the grip strength and pinch strength according to the age and sex. Multiple regression analysis using mixed liner model was operated in order to find how the general characteristics (of the age, sex, and side of hand) influence hand width, grip strength, and pinch strength individually. Also, we calculated the correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength under the condition of controlling general characteristics; and to find correlation between the right hand and the left hand of the age and sex, we carried out paired t-test and came to the conclusion as follows: 1. Hand width is significantly increased with the increase of age (p<0.01). The increase of hand width according to age, boy is wider than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and the right hand is wider than that of the left hand significantly (p<0.01). 2. Grip strength is significantly increased as the age and hand width increased (p<0.01). The increase of grip strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and grip strength of the right hand is stronger than that of the left hand(p<0.01). 3. Three-jaw pinch strength is increased as the age, hand width and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But there is no significant difference of three-jaw pinch strength according to sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 4. Tip pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.05). The increase of tip pinch strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.05), but there is no significant difference between the right hand and the left hand(p>0.05). 5. Lateral pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But the increase of lateral pinch strength, there is no significant difference according to the hand width, sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 6. The test of correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength showed the correlation between grip strength and pinch strength was stronger than the correlation between hand width and pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). There was strong correlation between each pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). Above all, the correlation of three-jaw pinch strength and tip pinch strength was strongest(0.7<r<1.0). 7. The test of hand width according to the age and sex, and the difference between the right hand and the left hand in grip strength and pinch strength showed that there was significant difference against all the test of hand width, of grip strength, and of pinch strength in the age group from seven years and six months to seven years and eleven months than the age group under six years, specially in girls group(p<0.05).

안쪽곁인대 불안정성을 가진 야구선수들의 악력훈련이 그립관련 근력 및 경기력에 미치는 영향

신윤아,최원호 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.6

이 연구는 안쪽곁인대 불안정성을 가진 야구선수들을 대상으로 8주간 팔꿈치 재활운동에 추가적인 악력훈련이 그립관련 근력 및 경기력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 대학교 야구선수 총 29명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 안쪽곁인대 통증, 손상경력 및 불안정성 검사를 통하여 안쪽곁인대 불안정성 집단을 가진 선수만을 대상으로 팔꿈치관절 재활훈련군(UCL-R)과 추가적으로 악력훈련을실시하는 군(UCL-R+G)으로 구분하였다. 팔꿈관절 재활훈련은 주 4회, 1회 40~60분, 3세트를 8주간 실시되었다. 신체적 특성, 그립관련 근력, 통증정도 및 투구속도를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 팔꿈치 굽힘력(p<.001)과 폄력(p<.01) 및 손목 굽힘력(p<.01)과 폄력(p<.001), 악력(p<.001)은 시간에 따른 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 또한 팔꿈치 굽힘력은 집단에 따른 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 안정 시 통증, 투구 시 불안감, 투구속도는 시간에 따른 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<.001). 팔꿈치 굽힘력 변화량은 팔꿈치 폄력(p<.01) 과 손목 폄력(p<.05) 및 악력(p<.01)의 변화량과 유의한 양이 관련성을 나타냈다. 팔꿈치 폄력은 손목 폄력 및 악력의 변화량과 유의한양의 관련성을 나타냈다(p<.05). 손목 굽힘력은 손목 폄력 및 악력과 유의한 양의 관련성을 나타냈다(p<.05). 손목 폄력은 악력과 유의한 양의 관련성을 나타냈다(p<.01). 이상의 결과를 요약해보면, 8주간의 팔꿈치관절 재활훈련과 악력훈련은 그립관련 근력, 통증정도및 투구속도를 증가시켰고 악력의 증가는 팔꿈치와 손목 근력의 증가와 양의 관련성을 나타내었으나 투구속도와는 관련성을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 경기력의 증가와 관련된 영향을 알아보기 위해서는 좀 더 긴 훈련기간, 공의 구질, 손가락의 힘 등 다양한 요인들의 변화를 살펴보는 추후 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to determine the effect of additional grip strength training on elbow rehabilitation exercise for 8 weeks on grip-related strength and performance in baseball players with medial collateral ligament instability. A total of 29 college baseball players with medial collateral ligament instability were selected as study subjects through examination of medial collateral ligament pain, injury history, and instability. The group was divided into an elbow joint rehabilitation group (UCL-R) and a group that additionally performed grip strength training (UCL-R+G). Elbow joint rehabilitation training was conducted 4 times a week, 40 to 60 minutes per time, 3 sets, for 8 weeks. The results of measuring physical characteristics, grip-related strength, pain level, and pitching speed are as follows. Significant differences in elbow flexion (p<.001) and extension (p<.01), wrist flexion (p<.01) and extension (p<.001), and grip strength (p<.001) over time. Additionally, elbow flexion strength showed significant differences between groups (p<.05). Pain at rest, anxiety when pitching, and pitching speed showed significant differences over time (p<.001). The change in elbow flexion strength was significantly related to the change in elbow extension (p<.01), wrist extension (p<.05), and grip strength (p<.01). Elbow extension strength showed a significant positive relationship with the change in grip strength (p<.05). Wrist flexion strength showed a significant positive relationship with wrist extension and grip strength (p<.05). Wrist extension strength showed a significant positive relationship with grip strength (p<.01). To summarize the results, 8 weeks of elbow joint rehabilitation training and grip strength training increased grip-related strength, pain level, and pitching speed. Also, the increase in grip strength was positively related to the increase in elbow and wrist strength, but not with pitching speed. Therefore, in order to find out the impact of factors related to the increase in performance, further studies are needed to examine changes in various factors such as longer training periods, variety of pitches, and finger strength.

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Grip Strength in Elderly Koreans

이정은,공현식,김기웅,장학철,장종범,백구현,이영호,백남종 대한골대사학회 2012 대한골대사학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: Grip strength has been used as a measure of function in various health-related conditions. Although grip strength is known to be affected by both physical and psychological factors, few studies have looked at those factors comprehensively in a population-based cohort regarding elderly Koreans. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential factors influencing grip strength in elderly Koreans. Methods: We evaluated dominant hand grip strengths in 143 men and 123 women older than 65 years who participated in a population-based cohort study, the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). Individuals who had a history of surgery for musculoskeletal disease or trauma in the upper extremity were excluded. Factors assessed for potential association with grip strength were; 1) demographics such as age and gender, 2) body constructs such as height, body mass index (BMI), and bone mineral density (BMD), 3) upper extremity functional status using disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores, and 4) mental health status using a depression scale and the short form-36 (SF36) mental health score. Multivariate analyses were performed in order to identify factors independently associated with grip strength. Results: Grip strengths of dominant hands in elderly Koreans were found to generally decrease with aging, and were significantly different between men and women, as expected. Multivariate analyses indicated that grip strength was independently associated with age, height and BMI in men (R2 = 21.3%), and age and height (R2 = 19.7%) in women. BMD, upper extremity functional status, or mental health status were not found to be associated with grip strength. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that in elderly Koreans, grip strength is mainly influenced by age and height in both men and women, and additionally by BMI in men. BMD or self-reported physical or mental health status was not found to influence grip strength in elderly Koreans. This information may be helpful in future studies using grip strength as a measure of function in elderly Koreans.

The Relationship between Oral Health-Related Factors and Grip Strength in the Elderly

Ki-Eun Kim 한국치위생과학회 2022 치위생과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Background: Among the health problems in old age, oral health is closely related to nutrition intake and digestion, so although it is an important factor in the well-being of the elderly along with general health, studies examining the relationship between oral health-related factors and grip strength of the elderly are insufficient. Therefore, this study intends to examine the relationship between oral health-related factors and grip strength, which are closely related to the general health of the elderly.Methods: This study used data from the 7th period of Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2016∼2018) approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Complex sample frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed, and general linear model analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between demographic characteristics, oral health -related factors and grip strength. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0, and the significance test was based on type I error level of 0.05.Results: Grip strength was higher in the case of no discomfort than in the case of discomfort in relation to mastication discomfort and grip strength (B=0.927, p<0.001). In addition, the grip strength was decreased by 1.348 times when not using dental floss (p<0.001) and when not using mouth wash was 1.480 times (p<0.001).Conclusion: In this study, in the relationship between oral health-related factors and grip strength, grip strength was found to be high in the absence of mastication discomfort. and in the case of using dental floss and mouthwash the elderly showed high grip strength. Therefore, it is suggested to present a lifestyle to improve hand function and grip strength in the elderly and develop a program to increase grip strength and provide them at the same time during oral health education.

Composite Grip Strength as a Marker of Outcome in Patients Surgically Treated for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy

Paul Arun John,Amritanand Rohit,Margabandhu Prabakaran,Karuppusami Reka,David Kenny Samuel,Krishnan Venkatesh 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of composite grip strength as a marker of surgical outcome in patients with moderate to severe degenerative cervical myelopathy. Overview of Literature: Degenerative cervical myelopathy causes loss of dexterity, muscle strength, and sensations in the hand. The impact of surgical management on improvement in composite grip strength has received scant attention. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on degenerative cervical myelopathy patients with a complete composite grip strength assessment between January 2013 to January 2019. The Biometrics E-link hand kit was used for the assessment. The following parameters were measured: maximum grip strength, sustained grip strength, three-jaw pinch, maximum key pinch, and sustained key pinch. The pre- and postoperative functional status was assessed using the Nurick grade and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score. Results: A total of 40 patients were included in the study. The mean patient age was 51.9 years. The mean preoperative Nurick grade was 3.5 and the mJOA score was 10.9. The anterior approach was used in 25 patients, and the posterior approach was used in 15 patients. Four patients developed complications. Degenerative cervical myelopathy resulted in decreased handgrip and pinch strength as compared to normative Indian data. There was a significant improvement in the postoperative composite grip strength for all five parameters. There was no differential improvement between the anterior and posterior surgical groups. The improvement in the composite grip strength correlated with the improvement in functional scores. Conclusions: Composite grip strength analysis is an objective method for assessing the impact of degenerative cervical myelopathy on grip strength and monitoring the postoperative improvement. Decompressive surgery resulted in global improvement in all the parameters of composite grip strength.

한국 성인의 악력과 고혈압 유병률과의 관계: 제 6기 국민건강영양조사(2015년)

이정아 대한운동학회 2017 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.19 No.3

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of physical activity according to the difference of grip strength among Korean adults and to clarify the relationship between grip strength and prevalence of hypertension. [METHODS] We analyzed a secondary database, the 6th Korean National Health Nutrition Survey (2015), which examined the grip strength, frequency and type of physical activity, body composition, blood pressure, and biomakers of blood among Korean adults. The grip strength was divided 4 groups based on a quartile and 88.7% of participants mainly were using the right hand. Contingency table analysis was used to examine the differences of physical activity frequency and physical activity type among the 4 groups. Also, the logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of hypertension according to the difference of grip strength. [RESULTS] The frequency of strength exercise, and flexibility exercise were significantly higher in the fourth group (4th Quartile) among four groups. When the first quartile group was as a reference (1), the prevalence of hypertension in female was significantly lower in the second quartile group at 60% (2nd Quartile, [0.40(0.18, 0.90)]), the third quartile group at 58% (3rd Quartile, [0.42(0.19, 0.90)]), and the fourth quartile group at 85% (4th Quartile, [0.15(0.06, 0.40)]). In male, the hypertension prevalence was significantly lower in the third quartile group at 60% (3rd Quartile, [0.40(0.18, 0.90)]), and the fourth quartile group at 69% (4th Quartile, [0.31(0.12, 0.81)]). The left grip strength in both female and male also showed a similar tendency in the relationship prevalence of hypertension and grip strength. [CONCLUSIONS] The grip strength can be used as an index for predicting the prevalence of hypertension. To reduce the prevalence of hypertension and improve grip strength, regular high intensity exercise, strength exercise, and flexibility exercise should be recommended.

손의 그립에 따른 악력의 변화와 손목 굽힘근의 근력 비교 : 예비 연구

임종훈,유재호,홍지헌,이동엽,김진섭,박준영,김아름,이한비,홍성화 대한스포츠물리치료학회 2017 정형스포츠물리치료학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between muscle power of the wrist flexor muscles and muscle strength according to grip type, such as the strength difference between a two-finger pinch grip and four-finger pinch grip. After the preliminary study, six subjects who agreed to participate in this study were recruited and the experiment was conducted. The power of the wrist flexor was measured using a digital manual muscle tester in the sitting position, and the grip strength according to the grip type was measured with a digital grip dynamometer. Spearman's nonparametric test was used to determine the correlation between wrist flexor power and grip strength of the power grip. An independent t-test was used to determine the significance level of the grip strength in the two-finger grip and four-finger grip. The significance level was set at p<.05 for all statistical tests. There was no interaction between the wrist flexor power and grip strength according to grip type (two-finger pinch grip, four-finger pinch grip, and power grip), but there was a significant difference in grip strength between the two-finger grip and four-finger grip (p<.05). The grip method that is necessary for grip strength when performing work may help to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

정상 성인의 손목관절 위치가 파악력에 미치는 영향

조용호,황윤태,이미영,김종열,Cho, Yong-Ho,Hwang, Yoon-Tae,Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, Jong-Ryul 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wrist position on grip strength. A Grip-Strength is measurement of muscle strength in hand. It is evaluated for the motor function and handicap of hand, projection of treatment plan. It is important because correct treatment. Methods: Total 80 college students were participated in this study, who consisted of 40 males and 40 females(age range: $20{\sim}26$). A Grip-Strength Dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in three wrist position(flexion, extension, neutral position) and two elbow position(supination, pronation). The ANOVA was conducted to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the wrist position and the two elbow position. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The grip strength was affected by wrist position changes. 2. The difference of grip strength according to elbow position Was not significant difference (p>0.01). 3. The grip strength i1l neutral position was strongest among 3 position of wrist (p<0.01). Conclusion: A Grip-Strength was significant difference in wrist position. Pronation position was minimum grip-strength but not significant difference between supination and pronation.

A Study on the Difference of Total Grip Strength and Individual Finger Force between Dominant and Non-dominant Hands in Various Grip Spans of Pliers

Yong-Ku Kong,Hyunjoon Park,Dujeong Kim,Taemoon Lee,Eunyoung Roh,Seulki Lee,Wenbin Zhao,Dae-Min Kim,Hyun-Sung Kang 대한인간공학회 2013 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand and to investigate an effect of the individual finger on the total grip strength depending on dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Background: Many studies on the ratio of the grip force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand has been researched. While a 10% rule which is a ratio of the grip force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand has been applied in most studies, studies on the rate of the individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand have been insufficiently researched. Method: The experiment was preceded with 17 subjects (male, mean 25.8 ages). The individual finger force and total grip strength were measured using pliers being able to change the grip span from 45 to 80mm. Results: The difference of total grip strength between dominant hand and non-dominant hand is following 10% rule. However, the difference of individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand are not same as the difference of total grip strength. Especially in the case of grip span with 50mm, the differences between total grip strength, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger were 9.87±14.80%, 8.95±37.17%, 13.71±28.27%, 6.77±24.35%, 39.29±42.46%, respectively, with p=0.018 of statistical significance. Additionally, the results of regression analysis in 50 and 60mm of grip span showed that the difference in ring finger affected the most to the total grip strength; and the effects followed in order of index finger, middle finger, and little finger. Conclusion: Our study suggests that an effect of individual finger and grip span of pliers have to be considered when explaining the difference of the total grip strength between dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Application: This result is expected to be used for designing ergonomic hand tool.