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The Characteristics of Othello as a Tragic Hero
柳在浩 空軍士官學校 1970 論文集 Vol.3 No.-
In the criticism of Othello R.B. Heilman points out that "Othello's fine but simple 'extrovert' nature." is "suited for action but not for perception and reflection". Dr. Johnson also remarked in a few words about the essence of Othello: "The fiery openness of Othello, magnanimous, artless, and credulous, boundless in his confidence, ardent in his affection, inflexible in his resolution, and obdurate in revenge".
공개공지의 지속 가능한 활성화를 위한 운영체계 분석 - 뉴욕 공개공지 운영사례를 중심으로 -
유재호,김정빈 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.8
(연구배경 및 목적) 현재 서울의 공개공지는 새로운 설치보다는 기존의 공개공지를 관리하고 재정비하는 방향으로 변화하고 있으며, 공개공지의 유지관리와 운영에는 단순한 점검과 단속을 넘어 다양한 측면을 고려한 운영체계의 필요성에서 시작한 연구이다. 공개공지는 시민에게 쾌적한 도시 환경을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 법·제도적으로 지정되고 설치되어있는 공간이다. 본 연구는 뉴욕의 공개공지 운영체계의 분석과 운영체계에 따른 공개공지 운영사례를 분석하여 서울시 공개공지의 운영체계 분석과 차이점과 시사점을 도출하는 것에 있다. 운영체계 분석 비교를 통해 서울시 공개공지의 체계적이고 효율적인 유지관리와 운영을 통해 서울시 공개공지의 질적 수준의 향상과 조성 목적의 달성에 연구의 목적을 둔다. (연구방법) 서울과 뉴욕의 전문기관, 문헌 조사를 통해 운영 주체, 유지관리 방식, 소통 방식 등 공개공지 운영에 영향을 미치는 부분들을 조사하고 전체적인 운영체계를 분석하였다. 이후 각 도시의 공개공지의 운영체계에 따른 사례분석을 통해 운영체계가 공개공지에 미치는 결과를 파악하였다. (결과) 뉴욕의 공개공지 운영체계는 역할이 중복되지 않고 수평적인 구조로 각 운영 주체가 개별적으로 나뉘어 있으며, 감사 및 비영리 단체 참여를 통해 다양성과 효과적인 소통을 구현하고 있었다. 반면, 서울시의 운영체계는 중복된 역할을 하는 수직적인 구조로 국토교통부, 서울시, 구 단위 지자체가 협업에 어려움을 겪고 있었으며, 감사 및 비영리 단체의 참여 부족과 각 구청의 통일성 부재로 인해 혼란이 발생하고 있었다. 또한, 서울시 구 단위 지자체의 공개공지와 관련한 시민 소통의 내용들이 정보공개에 제한이 있어 뉴욕과 서울의 대등한 비교가 불가능했다. (결론) 이러한 결과를 통해 뉴욕은 다양성과 효과적인 소통을 갖춘 운영체계로 평가되었으며, 반면에 서울시는 지자체별로 각기 다른 공개공지 운영체계를 통일시킬 필요성이 있었으며, 정보공개에 대한 범위를 확대하고 운영체계의 구조적인 개선과 표준화된 프로세스 도입이 필요하다는 결론이 도출되었다. (Background and Purpose) Currently, public notice areas in Seoul are shifting towards managing and revitalizing existing spaces rather than installing new ones. This research emphasizes the need for an operational system that goes beyond simple inspections and enforcement, and considers various aspects of the maintenance and operation of privately owned public spaces. Privately owned public spaces are designated and installed through legal and regulatory frameworks to provide citizens with a pleasant urban environment. This study analyzed the operational system of public notice areas in New York, and examined cases based on the operational system to determine differences and implications for Seoul's privately owned public spaces. This study aimed to enhance the qualitative basis and purpose for creating Seoul's privately owned public spaces through systematic and efficient maintenance and operation, as identified through a comparative analysis of operational systems. (Method) A literature review identified specialized institutions in Seoul and New York, and areas that affect the operation of privately owned public spaces, such as operating entities, maintenance methods, and communication method; further, the overall operating system was analyzed. Subsequently, the results of the operating system of privately owned public spaces were identified through a case analysis according to the operating system of each city's privately owned public space. (Results) New York's privately owned public space operating system has no overlapping roles, and each operating entity is divided individually into a horizontal structure. Diversity and effective communication are implemented through participation in audits and non-profit organizations. The Seoul Metropolitan Government's operating system has a vertical structure that plays a duplicate role, making it difficult for the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; the Seoul Metropolitan Government; and district-level local governments to collaborate; confusion is caused by the lack of participation of auditors and non-profit organizations and the lack of unity of each district office. It was impossible to compare New York and Seoul equally because the content of civic communication related to the privately owned public space of the Seoul Metropolitan Government was limited to information disclosure. (Conclusion) These results led to the conclusion that New York is evaluated as an operating system with diversity and effective communication, while Seoul needs to unify its different privately owned public space operating systems for each local government, expand the scope of information disclosure, structurally improve the operating system, and introduce standardized processes.
지질다당류가 비강상피세포의 Aspergillus fumigatus 생물막 형성에 미치는 영향
유재호,김태균,황보창호,예미경,신승헌 대한이비인후과학회 2023 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.66 No.12
Background and Objectives Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the common causes of fungalairway inflammatory diseases and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acts as key regulator of airwayinflammation. In addition, bacterial and fungal biofilm commonly coexist in chronic rhinosi-nusitis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of LPS on the development of A. fumigatus bio-film formation on the nasal epithelial cells. Materials and Method Primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured with A. fumigatus co-nidia with or without LPS for 5 days. The production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and trans-forming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from nasal epithelial cells was determined by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay. The effects of LPS on A. fumigatus biofilm formation were determinedusing biofilm dry weight, and crystal violet, concanavalin A, safranin staining, and confocalscanning laser microscopy. Results LPS and A. fumigatus significantly enhanced the production of IL-6, IL-8, andTGF-β1 from nasal epithelial cells. A. fumigatus can form biofilm on primary nasal epithelialcells, and this significantly increased in a time-dependent manner when cocultured with LPS,the dry weight, concanavalin A, and safranin staining. Conclusion The exposure of A. fumigatus to LPS enhanced the formation of biofilms. Thecoexistence of LPS and A. fumigatus enhanced fungal biofilm formation and this may be as-sociated with the development of recalcitrant airway inflammatory diseases.
유재호,송완,김태헌,김찬교,박병관,정병창,서성일,전성수,이현무,최한용,전황균 대한비뇨기종양학회 2017 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Purpose: To determine the negative predictive value (NPV) of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for clinically significant cancer (CSC) based on the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 in very low-risk or low-risk prostate cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 380 patients with low risk of prostate cancer who underwent mp-MRI before radical prostatectomy (RP) from 2011 to 2013. Of the 380 patients, 142 patients were in the very low risk group. CSC at RP was defined as follows: any T3–4, G3+4 with tumor volume>15%, G4+3 or higher. In the very low risk and low risk groups, we analyzed the rate of CSC according to PI-RADS score and calculated the NPV of mp-MRI for detection of CSC. Results: In the low risk group, 20.8% (n=79) of patients had PI-RADS version 2 score 1–2 and 17.4% (n=66) of patients had PI-RADS version 2 score 3. In the very low risk group, 26.8% (n=38) of patients had PI-RADS version 2 score 1–2 and 17.6% (n=25) of patients had PI-RADS version 2 score 3 in the very low risk group. Rates of CSC were 33.7% (n=128) and 16.9% (n=24) in the low risk and very low risk groups, respectively. The NPV of MRI was 93.7% in the very low risk group and 78.6% in the low risk group. Conclusions: The NPV of PI-RADS for CSC is high in the very low risk group, but not in the low risk group. Further multicenter studies are needed to investigate the utility of PI-RADS version 2 for NPV.
유재호,이동원,김정규 대한두경부종양학회 2023 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.39 No.2
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is rare lymphoid sarcoma occurs anywhere in body, mostly in lymph nodes. Sixty-two-year-old man presented left submandibular gland region mass for 5 months. Mass excision with submandibular gland resection was performed. Histopathology showed proliferation of spindle and ovoid cells with storiform arrangement which were positive for CD21, CD23, Vimentin, Ki-67, suggested FDCS in submandibular gland region lymph node. Tumor size was 3cm with no involvement of resection margin, nor cellular atypia and necrosis, so regular follow up was performed. After 4 years, new enhancing mass in left submandibular area was found. Wide excision of mass with neck dissection on left level I-III was performed. Histopathology confirmed recurrence of FDCS. The patient underwent radiation therapy from left mandible to hyoid area. After 2 years, new nodule was found in left lung upper lobe, and wedge resection confirmed metastasis of FDCS. The patient is on adjuvant chemotherapy.