항생제에 대한 지식이 소비자의 항생제 사용행태에 미치는 영향

박은자(Eun-Ja Park),채수미(Su-Mi Chae),박실비아(Sylvia Park) 대한약학회 2011 약학회지 Vol.55 No.6

The objective of this study is to examine the association between the knowledge and behavior of consumers on antibiotics use for common cold. Consumers’ knowledge about antibiotics was measured by a questionnaire consisting of six items related to the effect of antibiotics and another three items about use of antibiotics. Telephone interview was conducted during the days between June 24 and July 2, 2009, and 1,015 persons responded the interview. Final analysis included 896 persons without missing data. Thirty six percent of respondents answered that they checked their prescriptions to ensure that antibiotics was prescribed for common cold. About 6% asked their doctors to prescribe antibiotics for common cold, and 9.7% asked them not to. More than a quarter of respondents answered that they used to take antibiotics leftover from a previous illness. Patients who knew better about the effect of antibiotics on common cold were more likely to ask doctors not to prescribe antibiotics (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.45~3.65), or to check prescriptions (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.40~2.46). Higher knowledge about use of antibiotics was related to low probability of asking doctors to prescribe antibiotics. This result suggests that consumers' knowledge about antibiotics can influence doctor’s prescription of antibiotics for common cold.

치과분야 항생제 처방에 대한 국내외 문헌 분석

조세형(Sae-Hyung Jo),모하메드 아라쉬단(Mohammad Alrashdan),정한울(Han-Ul Choung),방강미(Kang-Mi Pang),박종철(Jong-Chul Park),김성민(Soung-Min Kim),김명진(Myung-Jin Kim),이종호(Jong-Ho Lee) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2009 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives : Administration methods of antibiotics implements a variety for indications and diseases. Therefore, it is impossible to produce a single guideline. Many antibiotics have been prescribed without specific index, by practicians for a long period of time. In general dental practice and oral and maxillofacial surgical practice, there is not a guidelines for antibiotics. Therefore, there is a dependency on pre-existent methods rather than following an exact guideline. Consequently, a controversy was issued that prescription of antibiotics tend to be misused or abused. And it is also direct relation to the tolerance of antibiotics as well. Moving forward, in this review we will be analyzing the exact usage and indication of antibiotics in dental treatment. Materials and Methods : 29 published articles of both domestic and international were researched through Pubmed and Kormed, and the review from these articles were performed accordingly. We examined the administration of antibiotics through the objective usage, that classified prophylactic and therapeutic. Results : For therapeutic usage, empirical prescription is mandatory for the first step. Next is to moderate the empirical prescription depending upon the result of its culture. Administration of antibiotics must be kept for 2days after the symptoms disappear. For a prophylactic use, we can generally pr escribe antibiotics to prevent local infection or systemic infection. Although the method of prescription and neccessity of antibiotics to prevent local in fection are controversial, exact guidelines of antibiotics to prevent systemic infection are established by AHA. Conclusion : Most crucial concept for prescript antibiotics is to determine if it is adequately suitable for all circumstances. In this decision making, a guideline for prescription of antibiotics in various dental surgical practice is necessary. This guideline can reduce the misusage and disusage of a ntibiotics in general dental practices and oral and maxillofacial surgical practices.

A POTENTIAL CAUSE OF ALGAL BLOOM: ANTIBIOTICS’ EFFECT ON EUKARYOTIC CHLOROPLASTS OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS

Jai Eun HUH 국제과학영재학회 2015 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.7 No.2

Antibiotics primarily inhibit the growth of prokaryotic cells. The theory of Endosymbiosis states that eukaryotic chloroplasts and mitochondria originate from the prokaryotes, and recent oncologist research reveals that antibiotics can directly exert influence on eukaryotic mitochondria. Similarly, this research probes at the possibility of antibiotics specifically targeting eukaryotic chloroplasts of green alga, Chlorella vulgaris, in an attempt to configure the mechanism through which antibiotics often affect algae. The other half of the research explores the residual environmental risks associated with the presence of antibiotics in freshwater ecosystems, and if antibiotics can possibly be a direct cause of algal blooms. Well over half of the antibiotics, not metabolized and culled out by the sewage plant, end up near the top of the water column: consequently, algae on the surface water are exposed to these antibiotics. Excessive algal growths deplete dissolved oxygen (DO) level and compromise water quality; specifically one of their types, harmful algal blooms (HABs) are disastrous to the aquatic biota. Many obvious and common factors – excessive nutrients and lack of water circulation - are known to encourage these algal blooms. However, as antibiotics in low dosage can stimulate bacterial resistance and encourage growth, the experiments showed that antibiotics could foster algal growth and be a cause of algal blooms.

일부 호흡기질환에서 의원의 항생제 사용양상 분석

박실비아,문옥륜 한국의료QA학회 1998 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Background : In Korea, the rational use of antibiotics are rarely controlled, and their patterns of utilization are not understood. In order to reduce the excessive use and to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics, it is necessary to accurately determine present uses of antibiotics in hospitals. Methods : Analysis of the use of prescription drugs was performed on NFMI (National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. A stratified sampling by types of hospitals, departments, and diseases was obtained from 1994 August data. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study, 2,697 adults with URI, 6,397 children with URI, 704 adults with bronchitis, and 1,838 children with bronchitis were included. Results : Most patients were prescribed medication (95.2-99,6%). Of the patients prescribed medication, more than 85% of URI patients and more than 91% of bronchitis patients were prescribed antibiotics. Antibiotics expenses accounted for 14% of total medical expenses in adults and 9% of total medical expenses in children. In adults with URI, antibiotics expenses accounted for 52% of drug expenses. Of the patients prescribed antibiotics, average number of antibiotics used was 1.6-1.7. For patients who are prescribed antibiotics, drug expenses were 62-97% greater than patients not prescribed antibiotics. When children were prescribed antibiotics, the highest price of drugs prescribed were 3.4-fold greater. In addition, the number of drugs prescribed also increased by more than one. Elderly patients, more than 60 years, were prescribed antibiotics less frequently. Children less than 10 years and elderly patients greater than 60 years old were prescribed fewer antibiotics than other patients. And they were prescribed medications for longer days than other patients. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the average rate of prescribing antibiotics was higher in Korea than other countries. Measures to reduce overuse of antibiotics and to improve the appropriate prescription of antibiotics must be considered for cost effective treatment and overall health of people.

Systemic Antibiotics Can Deteriorate Emphysema Associated with Exaggerated Inflammation and Autophagy

( Na Hyun Kim ),( Sei Won Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Background Microbiota milieu and its interaction with host are critical for immune homeostasis. Recent studies suggest the relationship between microbiota dysbiosis and various diseases. Emphysema is a chronic inflammatory disease, but it is unclear whether dysbiosis caused by antibiotics can affect disease progression. Here, we tried to elucidate the impact of systemic antibiotics on smoking exposed emphysema model. Methods A murine emphysema model was developed with 2-week smoking exposure with or without mixed antibiotics (vancomycin/ ampicillin/enrofloxacin/metronidazole). The severity emphysema was quantified with mean linear intercept (MLI) and cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was also measured. To evaluate pathogenesis for inflammation and inflammasome, mRNA levels and protein in BALF and lung homogenate, and proteomics in BALF were performed. Result Smoking with mixed antibiotics caused severer lung parenchymal destruction and airspace enlargement than without antibiotics (MLI: 66.33±0.78um vs.61.62±0.92um, p<0.001) or control (p<0.001). This effect with antibiotics was not evident by each single antibiotics, and MLI did not increase significantly compared with smoking without antibiotics (vancomycin: p=0.70, ampicillin: p=0.70, metronidazole: p=0.40, enrofloxacin: p=0.28). Inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF was increased in smoking in mixed antibiotic groups compared with control (586±43.01x103/mouse vs.144.37±14.08 x103/mouse, p<0.001) or smoking groups (586±43.01 x103/mouse vs.381.25±35.36 x103/mouse, p<0.01). Protein concentration in BALF was increased in smoking with mixed antibiotics compared with control (p<0.0001) or smoking without antibiotics (p<0.0001). Proteomics analysis indicated autophagy pathway was related with smoking with mixed antibiotics. LC3B and atg7, atg3 were increased in smoking with mixed antibiotics than without mixed antibiotics. mRNA levels of IL-6 were also increased in smoking with mixed antibiotics. Conclusion In this study, multiple antibiotics can aggravate emphysema, and inflammation and autophagy might be related with the mechanism. Antibiotics prescription is relatively common following infection or exacerbation in COPD, and our study suggest that uncontrolled antibiotics usage may aggravate disease course.

호흡기 감염증과 발열성 과립구 감소증 환자를 대상으로 한 치료적 항생제 사용의 적정성 평가

송영구,장경희,김효열,홍성관,박윤수,조정호,김창호,허애정,박은숙,김영숙,최영화,김준명 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적 : 국내에서 항생제 과다사용의 문제는 이미 위험수위에 도달하였다. 항생제의 오ㆍ남용은 내성균의 증가와 병원감염의 위험을 높히는 의학적인 부작용 뿐만 아니라 더 비싼 새로운 약을 개발하여야 하는 고비용의 문제 등 매우 심각한 사회, 경제적인 문제를 야기시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 일부 내과적 질환을 대상으로 치료적 항생제 사용 양상을 파악하고 이의 적정성 평가를 통한 항생제 사용지침 수립의 기초자료를 구축하고자 하였다. 방법 : 내과계 영역에서 항생제 사용이 가장 많은 호흡기 질환과 중증으로서의 발열성 과립구 감소증 환자를 대상으로 조사하였다. 호흡기 질환 중에서는 감기, 급성 인두염, 폐렴을 대상으로 하였다. 호흡기 질환의 경우 전국 123개 병ㆍ의원에서 3699명의 환자들의 실제 처방내용을 조사하여 분석하였으며, 발열성 과립구감소증 환자에 대해서는 전국 15개 대학 병원을 대상으로 설문을 통한 항생제 사용지침을 조사하였다. 호흡기 질환에 대해서는 설문을 통해 회수된 62개 병ㆍ의원 자료들을 같이 비교 분석하였다. 각 대상 질환에 대하여 조사 지역을 서울, 부산, 중부(경기, 충청, 강원 포함), 호남(제주 포함), 영남 등 5개 지역으로 나누어 분석하였으며, 병원규모별, 진료과별, 성별 등에 따른 항생제 사용 양상도 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 폐렴과 급성 인두염의 경우 99.8%에서 항생제를 사용하고 있었으며, 감기의 경우대부분 항생제를 사용할 필요가 없는데도 불구하고 97.2%에서 항생제를 처방하고 있었다. 그러나 설문조사를 통한 분석에서는 감기의 경우 통상적으로 항생제를 사용한다고 대답한 경우가 37.1%, 급성 인두염의 경우 61.3% 정도로, 실제 처방 내용을 조사한 결과보다 낮게 나타났다. 주사제 처방은 서울지역의 처방률이 가장 낮았으며, 병원규모가 클수록 낮았다. 항생제 처방의 적절성 평가에 대한 분석 결과 전체적으로 9.9%만이 적절한 처방으로 분석되었다. 부적절한 처방의 내용으로는 항생제 처방이 불필요했던 경우, 불필요하게 병합 사용한 경우, 투여기간이 길었던 경우 등이 가장 많은 부분을 차지하였다. 발열성 과립구 감소증 환자에 대한 조사에서는 전국 15개 대학병원 중 명문화된 지침이 있는 병원은 4곳 이었으며 대부분 외국 문헌에서 제시하는 지침을 따르고 있었다. 결론 : 본 조사의 결과 이전에 보고되었던 설문조사를 통한 자료보다 항생제의 오ㆍ남용이 훨씬 심각하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와같은 문제점은 의사들이 항생제를 처방하는데 있어서 아무런 규제조치나 적절한 항생제 사용에 대한 동기부여가 없으며, 항생제 사용에 대한 적절한 지침이 없고, 병ㆍ의원의 항생제 관리를 위한 제도적 방안이 부재한 결과라고 생각된다. Background : Abuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics result in many serious medical and socioeconomical problems, such as emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, increase of nosocomial infection, and high health care costs for developing new drugs against resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of therapeutic use of antibiotics in patients with respiratory tract infections and in patients with febrile neutropenia in Korea. Methods : Patients with respiratory tract infection and febrile neutropenic patients were investigated. Nationwide, 3699 patients of 123 private clinics and general hospitals were included for respiratory tract infection and their prescriptions were investigated. We also investigated the guidelines of antibiotic use for neutropenic febrile patients of 15 university hospitals. We analyzed the data according to the districts (Seoul, Pusan, Middle districts including Kyungki. Choongchung, and Kangwon, Honam district including Cheju, and Youngnam district), hospital size, and department. Current status and appropriateness of therapeutic use of antibiotics were evaluated. Results : Antibiotics were used in 99.8% of patients with pneumonia or acute pharyngitis. In patients with common cold. although most of them did not need antibiotics, antibiotics were used in 97.2% of them. But in questionnaire survey, physicians answered that they used antibiotics in only 37.1% of patients with common cold and 61.3% of patients with acute pharyngitis. The rate of use of parenteral antibiotics was lowest in Seoul, and larger hospitals used fewer parenteral antibiotics. Evaluation for appropriateness of therapeutic use of antibiotics showed that only 9.9% was appropriate. Unnecessary use, unnecessary combination, and prolonged duration of therapy were included in inappropriate use of antibiotcis. For febrile neutropenic patients. 4 out of 15 university hospitals had protocol for use of antibiotics and most of them were following the guidelines recommended by many articles. Conclusions : These results show that the problems of abuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics are more serious than reported before. Therefore, the appropriate guidelines and control programs for therapeutic use of antibiotics are needed.

당뇨병성 족부 감염 환자의 초기 선택 항생제 효율성

이두형,한승환,박민정,Lee, Doo-Hyung,Han, Seung-Hwan,Park, Min-Jung 대한족부족관절학회 2009 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: Foot infections are common complications in patients with diabetes. The patients are usually immune-compromised; therefore the pathogens could be resistant to narrow spectrum antibiotics. Those drugs, however, are categorized as specially managed antibiotics, and access are difficult without confirming of the pathogens. Our aim was to analyze the common pathogens in diabetic foot infection and figure out the proper antibiotics. Materials and Methods: We studied 68 patients treated with diabetic foot infection. The pathogens which caused the infection and their sensitivity to initial antibiotics were analyzed. We also investigated the change of the antibiotics after the confirming of the culture result and average time to get the result. Results: Among the 68 patients, 56 (82%) received cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotics. Only 12 (18%) who were confirmed the drug resistant pathogens from previous culture, were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics such as vancomycin and tazoperan. Average culture study time was 6 days. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was cultured in 19 patients (28%), Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus (MRCNS) in 11 patietns (17%), pseudomonas in 11 patients (17%). Total 44 (65%) including 3 of other antibiotics resistant pathogen needed broad spectrum antibiotics. Thirty two patients (47%) were resistant to initial antibiotics.irt follow up culture, 2 MRSA and 2 MRCNS were found. The antibiotics resistant pathogens were confirmed in 48 (71%) patients at last. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with foot infection need proper antibiotics from initial treatment. The proper broad spectrum antibiotics should assigned to the patients from the first time without the confirming of the culture results.

배뇨 방광 요도 조영술 시행 후 발생하는 요로 감염에 대한 고찰

류정민,안요한,이소희,최현진,이범희,강희경,하일수,정해일,최용,Ryu, Jung-Min,Ahn, Yo-Han,Lee, So-Hee,Choi, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Beom-Hee,Kang, Hee-Gyung,Ha, Il-Soo,Cheong, Hae-Il,Choi, Yong 대한소아신장학회 2008 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.12 No.2

목 적 : 방광 요관 역류(VUR)를 진단하기 위해서는 배뇨 방광 요도 조영술(VCUG)을 시행하여야 한다. VCUG의 부작용으로 요로 감염이 발생할 수 있는 것이 잘 알려져 있는데, 본 연구에서는 이러한 VCUG 후 요로 감염에 대하여 고찰하여 이의 예방을 위하여 사용한 항생제의 효과를 비롯한 VCUG 후 요로 감염의 위험요소를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2007년 1월부터 12월까지 1년동안 본원에서 VCUG를 시행한 284명의 어린이(남:여 195:89, 평균 나이 4.1$\pm$3.6세)를 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 분석하였다. VCUG 시행 당시의 항생제 사용 상황에 따라 대상군을 항생제 미사용군, 예방적 항생제군, VCUG 용 항생제군, 치료 항생제군으로 나누어 항생제의 효과를 분석하였다. 결 과 : VCUG를 시행한 284중 7명(남:여 6:1, 평균 연령 2.8$\pm$3세)의 환아에서 VCUG 후 요로 감염이 발생하였다(요로 감염 발생률 2.5%). 그 중 6명은 VUR이(5명 high-grade VUR), 다른 1명은 MCDK가 있었다. 통계적으로 유의한 VCUG 후 요로 감염의 위험요소는 high-grade VUR이었으며, 성별, 연령(1세 미만과 1세 이상), 최근 요로 감염력, VUR 유무는 유의하지 않았다. VCUG 후 요로 감염 빈도는 예방적 항생제군에서 유의하게 높았다. 대상군을 VUR이 없는 경우와 VUR이 있는 VUR군, high-grade VUR군으로 나누어 각각 분석하였을 때 항생제 사용 여부와 VCUG용 항생제 사용 여부는 VCGU후 요로 감염 발생률에 유의한 차이를 가져오지 않았다. 결 론: VCUG 후 요로 감염의 위험인자는 high-grade VUR이었으며, 이번 연구의 대상군에서 항생제 사용에 의한 VCUG 후 요로 감염의 예방효과는 관찰되지 않았다. Purpose : Voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) is required to detect vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), which may manifest as urinary tract infection(UTI) in children. It is well known that VCUG can cause UTI(post-VCUG UTI). In this study, risk factors for post-VCUG UTI and the preventive effect of antibiotics against this complication of VCUG were explored. Methods : Medical records of 284 patients who underwent VCUG at our hospital in 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of post-VCUG UTI and risk factors for post-VCUG UTI, and the impact of antibiotic use on prevention of post-VCUG UTI were evaluated. According to antibiotics usage, we divided the enrolled patients into 4 groups of noantibiotics group, prophylactic antibiotics group(prophylactic antibiotics having been used before), antibiotics-for-VCUG group(antibiotics added for VCUG) and antibiotics-for-treatment group(treatment dose of antibiotics). Results : Seven of 284 children(2.5%) developed UTI after they underwent VCUG. Highgrade(grade$\geq$III) VUR was the only statistically significant risk factor(odds ratio[OR] 6.266, P=0.026) for post-VCUG UTI, while sex, age, and other anomalies of urinary system were not significant. Five post-VCUG UTI cases belonged to prophylactic antibiotics group. Antibiotics use (three groups using antibiotics vs. no-antibiotics group) or addition of antibiotics for VCUG (antibiotics-for-VCUG vs. other groups) did not have any effect on prevention of post-VCUG UTI. Conclusion : The risk factor for post-VCUG UTI was high-grade VUR. Antibiotics use did not prevent post-VCUG UTI in this study.

A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Antibiotic Use in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Infections: Focus on Clinical Cure

Pratama Vincent,Risni Hindun Wilda,Yunir Em,Sauriasari Rani 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.1

Background The use of antibiotics in diabetic foot ulcer infections (DFUI) is essential in reducing morbidity. Optimal administration of antibiotics can improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to review the efficacy, in terms of clinical cure, of various regimens and the duration of antibiotic administration in DFUI patients, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The efficacy based on microbiological response is also reviewed as the secondary outcome. Materials and Methods We used three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with DFUI who required antibiotics. Results A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. The study locations and bacterial patterns varied, with the most common pathogen being Staphylococcus aureus. Most studies did not demonstrate a significant difference in clinical cure and pathogen eradication, either in the comparison between systemic and topical antibiotics or in the duration of administration. Some studies had similar characteristics and were analyzed to conclude. These studies showed that ertapenem had comparable efficacy to piperacillin/tazobactam. Similar results were also conducted from studies of piperacillin-tazobactam+amoxicillin-clavulanic acid vs. moxifloxacin. Conclusion Most studies have heterogeneous characteristics, possibly due to differences in research location. Therefore, there is no strong evidence to recommend a specific antibiotic with the highest efficacy. However, since all included studies are RCTs, this review provides a good summary in considering antibiotic choices when treating DFUI patients. Background The use of antibiotics in diabetic foot ulcer infections (DFUI) is essential in reducing morbidity. Optimal administration of antibiotics can improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to review the efficacy, in terms of clinical cure, of various regimens and the duration of antibiotic administration in DFUI patients, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The efficacy based on microbiological response is also reviewed as the secondary outcome. Materials and Methods We used three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with DFUI who required antibiotics. Results A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. The study locations and bacterial patterns varied, with the most common pathogen being Staphylococcus aureus. Most studies did not demonstrate a significant difference in clinical cure and pathogen eradication, either in the comparison between systemic and topical antibiotics or in the duration of administration. Some studies had similar characteristics and were analyzed to conclude. These studies showed that ertapenem had comparable efficacy to piperacillin/tazobactam. Similar results were also conducted from studies of piperacillin-tazobactam+amoxicillin-clavulanic acid vs. moxifloxacin. Conclusion Most studies have heterogeneous characteristics, possibly due to differences in research location. Therefore, there is no strong evidence to recommend a specific antibiotic with the highest efficacy. However, since all included studies are RCTs, this review provides a good summary in considering antibiotic choices when treating DFUI patients.

요로감염 환자에서 소아 및 성인의 원인균주 및 항생제내성의 차이점

남형종,정승찬,이종윤,이상돈 대한요로생식기감염학회 2012 Urogenital Tract Infection Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in children and adults. It is widely known that most UTI is caused by E. coli. In most cases for those who underwent UTIs,empirical antibiotics were treatment of choice. But resistance of empirical antibiotics is increasing gradually. The proper use of antibiotics is essential in the clinical field. We evaluated the antibiotic resistance of organisms causing UTIs in children and adults patients to provide the proper use of empirical antibiotics. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to December 2011, 749 cases (mean age was 27.9±30.2years) who underwent positive urinary culture tests were evaluated. The age, sex, results of urine dipstick and microscopic tests, urine culture, and antibiotics resistance were reviewed. Results: 460 men and 289 women were evaluated. Adults were 310 cases (41.4%) and children were 439 cases (58.6%). Pathogens from the results of urine culture were E. coli (35.7%), Enterococcus species (25.8%), Klepsiella (12.9%). Antibiotics resistance rate of all pathogens was 29.8% and Pseudomonas (36.1%), with E. coli (32.8%) having the highest resistance rate of all. Ampicillin (61.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (42.6%), and penicillin (39.4%) showed higher resistance rates than other antibiotics. The multi-drug resistance rate was 17.8% in total, adults were 17.4%, and children were 18.1%. Female urine RBC and urine WBC counts were associated with UTIs from a pathogen which has resistance at to at least one of the antibiotics in adults. On the other hand, older age, urine leukocyte esterase and urine RBC count was associated with antibiotics resistance in children. Conclusions: Gram positive microorganisms including E. coli were the most common pathogen of UTIs both in adults and children. Therefore, quinolones and cephalosporins are widely used in UTIs, however antibiotic sensitivity was reduced in this study and there was no difference in adults and children. The sensitivity and drug resistance were changing steadily, affecting many factors and various pathogens gave rise to UTIs. Therefore considerations of many factors of sensitivity to antibiotics are needed.