일반논문 : 고금도(古今島) 관왕묘(關王廟) 연구

유성웅 ( Sung Woung Yu ),장경희 ( Kyung Hee Jang ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2015 동방학 Vol.32 No.-

고금도(古今島) 관왕묘(關王廟)는 정유재란을 기억하는 역사적 상징이다. 본고는 1598년 창건된 이후 한·중·일 삼국의 역사적 관계에 따라 끊임없이 변화되어 오늘에 이른 고금도 관왕묘를 연구 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 역사적 사실을 밝혀냈다 첫째, 고금도 관왕묘는 정유재란 당시 조선에 파병된 진린(陳璘) 도독과 명나라 수군(水軍)에 의해 1598년 창건되어, 군신(軍神)인 관우(關羽)와 해신(海神)인 마조(마祖) 등을 함께 배향하였다. 둘째, 고금도 관왕묘는 조선 후기에 묘사(廟祠) 건물의 구조와 향사 대상이 변화된 것이 특징이다. 1598년 정전(正殿)에 관왕과 마조를 모시고 명 수군들의 제향을 받았다. 1666년 정전과 동·서무(東西楙)를 갖춘 品자형 구조였다. 정전에는 관우를 모셨으며 동무에는 진린 도독과 이순신 장군을 함께 배치하여 조선 수군들의 제향을 받았다. 1791년 고금도 관왕묘에 ``탄보묘(誕報廟)``라는 사액(賜額)을 내려 묘격(廟格)이 승격되었고, 노량대첩 당시 전사한 명 등자룡(鄧子龍) 장군이 합사되었다. 이에 따라 동무에는 진린 도독과 등자룡 장군이, 서무에는 이순신 장군이 배치되었다. 하지만 일제 강점기인 1940년 고금도 관왕묘는 훼철되었고, 해방 이후에는 이충무공 유적으로 바뀌었다. 따라서 16세기 한·중 문화 교류를 실질적으로 증명하는 문화유산인 고금도 관왕묘가 향후 원형대로 복원되길 기대한다. Founded In 1598, when the Japanese invaded Korea for the 2nd time, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo is a historical symbol to remember the Japanese invasion of Korea. Since the foundation, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo has gone through continuous transformations as responses to changing relationships among Korea, China and Japan. The paper aims to bring to light important historical facts and argue for the necessity to restore Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo to its original form. First, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo was founded in 1598, by the Admiral Chen Lin (陳璘) from the Ming Dynasty. The shrine housed the war god (軍神), King Guan Yu (關羽) and the god of the sea (海神), Majo (?祖). In their hometown, Guangdung (廣東) in China, these military leaders followed the tradition of dedicating memorial service to both King Guan Yu and Majo. In founding Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo, they applied the same concept. Particularly in 1583, Chen Lin had previously erected a Matang Gwanjemyo (馬塘關帝廟) in Guangdong. This experience offered him the motivation to build Gwanwangmyo in Korea. Secondly, the late Joseon dynasty witnessed shifts in commemorative service tradition, which centered on the architectural structure of shrine, and the target of commemorative service. In 1598, the main shrine housed the King Guan Yu and the Majo. In 1666, the entire structure of shrines changed to have the 品 shape, having the East shrine and the West shrine under the main shrine. The main shrine was dedicated to King Guan Yu. The East shrine was dedicated to the Admiral Chen Lin and the Admiral Lee Sun-shin. In addition to the East and the West rituals buildinges, the year 1713 saw an addition of a small temple(玉泉寺) whose role is today``s equivalent of the guard office. The same year saw the elevation of national status of the commemorative service for King Guan Yu (關羽), the Admiral Chen and the admiral Lee. In 1791, the King Jongjo granted Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo a signature board that reads ``Tanbomyo (誕報廟)``, which also contributed to raising the shrine``s status. That year also saw the expansion of the scope of the memorial service to dedicate to one more soul, the general Deng Zi Long (鄧子龍), who died during the Battle of Noryang. Accordingly, the structure is re-arranged to have the East shrine dedicated to the admiral Chen and the general Deng, and the West shrine to the admiral Lee. In the post Battle of Noryang era, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo became an internationally renowned shrine housing souls of national heroes of the Joseon and the Ming dynasties. But, under the Japanese colonial rule, Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo was destroyed. After liberation, in light of the shrine``s value as a relic of the admiral Lee, the Korean government designated Gogeumdo Gwanwangmyo as Historic Site No. 114. Currently, the main shrine is used to hold a national memorial service for the Admiral Lee, with the general Lee Young-nam. In particular, this latter represents important historical heritage to prove the cultural exchange that existed between China and Korea.

The Effect of Communication of Service Employee on Customer Satisfaction, and Reuse Intention

Yu-Lim SUNG1,Hye-Yoon PARK 국제융합경영학회 2021 융합경영연구 Vol.9 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to provide marketing implications for training and face-to-face service employee communication by analyzing how communication by Korean crews at foreign airlines affects passengers perception and how this perception relates to airline service quality and customer satisfaction. Research design, data: The collection of questionnaires for the demonstration in this study has collected 300 questionnaires for about a month for Korean passengers who are aware of the presence of Korean crew on board aircraft. Results: The study analyzed the relationship between the communication ability, customer satisfaction, and reuse intention of foreign airlines. An empirical analysis of the relationship between quality of airline service, customer satisfaction, and intention of re-use can suggest the following implications based on the language and non-verbal communication capabilities of the Korean crew working for foreign airlines. Conclusions: We studied the impact of communication between Korean crews working for foreign airlines on the quality of airline service, customer satisfaction and reuse intention. The Korean crew should also work for overseas airlines and consider communication as important and expand their overall foreign language education and communication skills to have a positive impact on not only Korean passengers but also their own citizens.

매개적 인물의 형상화와 관조적 리얼리즘의 구현 : 염상섭의 『삼대』론

유철상 현대문학이론학회 2004 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.21

Character is one of the most important components in a novel. Novel is different from drama in that it bring out the totality of objects while drama the totality of movement. Despite the importance of characters in novel, the actual description of characters, compared with drama, is usually subsidiary and peripheral. We can find in Yeom Sang-seop's Three Generations one of the representing examples that illustrate this characteristic of novel. Cho Deok-ki, the main character in Three Generations, is well known for his irresolute character. There is a reason why he is described as an irresolute person. It is due to his in-between position between Cho Ui-gwan who represents the old conservative generation and Kim Byeong-hwa, the new radical generation. If it tis true that a novel is intended to bring out the whole aspect of reality and the process of its transformation, it will be legitimate to say that irresolute Cho Deok-ki, who symbolizes the diverging point between the old and new generations, is a typical character in the genre of novel. In conclusion, the peculiarity of novel lies in the fact that the typical characteristics are to be presented not just in a character but also in the environment. Considering the title of the work, Three Generations, we might say that Cho Sang-hun, who is not introduced at the beginning and turns out to be a degenerated and incompetent person, plays little role in the novel. In the light ot this fact, it is problematic the fact that Part 2 of the novel, where Cho Sang-hun becomes the focus of events, is disintegrated in structure. It is a structural breakdown due to the loss of the central axis. The absence of Cho Doek-ki's character affects the whole structure of the novel. We can also relate the protagonist Cho Doek-ki's character to the author Yeom Sang-seop's middle-class conservatism. The middle-class conservatism that refuses the change or reform of reality and supports maintaining the status quo contributes to stabilizing the whole structure of the work. When we read closely Three Generations in terms of the interaction among characters, we find os much conflic and trickery but no real villain. This is confirmed in the fact that Cho Doek-ki never shows any kind of affection or hatred for any other character in the novel. In the midst of conflict and fight for inheritance, all Cho Deok-ki does is to observe composedly from a distance, understanding the truth of our life. This is what stabilizes the structure of the novel and makes Three Generations to be a masterpiece of the realism.

이상화 문학에 나타난 시적 상상력의 근원 연구

유신지 ( Yu Shin-ji ),여상임 ( Yeo Sang-im ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2017 어문론총 Vol.74 No.-

이상화문학에 대한 논의는 이상화 당대는 물론, 1960년대부터 지금까지 상당히 구체적으로 진행되었다. 주로 상징주의나 낭만주의와 같은 문예사조적인 경향이나 저항시인이라는 민족주의적인 관점에서 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 그러나 이러한 관점에서는 이상화 문학 전반에서 드러나는 동양적이고 전통적인 사유를 다 해명하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 이상화문학과 그의 사상의 근저에는 동학이나 천도교적인 사상의 근간을 이루는 내재적 초월의 사유가 자리하고 있다. 내재적 초월의 사유는 이상화 문학의 곳곳에서 다양한 모습으로 드러나고 있다. 본고에서는 이상화의 시적 상상력의 근원이 이러한 내재적 초월의 사유로 파악될 수 있다고 보고, 전통시학의 관점, 특히 기층철학을 토대로 이상화의 문학 텍스트를 분석해보고자 했다. 특히 이상화의 전기적 사실들을 살펴보면, 그의 사상과 사유가 형성되는 중요한 시기인 십대와 이십대 전반에 걸쳐서 천도교적인 색채가 짙은 인물들과 깊은 교류를 맺었고 그와 관련된 활동들을 했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 그가 제시하는 문학론이나 시작품들에서도 그러한 사유들이 드러나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이상화의 문학평론이나 시에서는 우리 고유의 민속 신앙인 샤머니즘과 이를 계승한 동학사상의 색채가 드러난다. 그의 시작품들에서도 특징적인 것이 ‘하늘’,‘신령’, ‘검’, ‘동굴’ 등과 같은 시어들이 빈번히 쓰이고 있는데, 이러한 시어들은 이상화 텍스트 전반에서 관찰되는 ‘내재적 초월’의 사유들을 드러내는 것으로 쓰이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 양상은 기존의 논의에서 채 규명되지 못한 부분들로, 동양적이고 전통적인 사유의 지평 안에서만 비로소 설명이 되는 부분이기도 하다. 이러한 논의는 이상화가 1920년대 시단의 다양한 흐름 속에서도 그 시류에 휩쓸리지 않고, 우리의 자생적인 사상이라 할 수 있는 전통철학의 토대 위에 그 나름의 시세계를 구축하였음을 확인할 수 있게 해주며, 나아가 이상화 문학을 바라보는 새로운 해석의 지평을 넓혀볼 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Untill now, the study on Lee Sang-hwa’s literature has been done very widely. Most rearchess have been done in the point of view of symbolism, romanticism, or nationalism. But, through these views, we couldn't find the basic thoughts of his Literature. There are immanent transcendence in the origin of his Literature and his own ideas. Therefor, at this thesis, we found that the origin of poetic imagination in Lee Sang-hwa’s literature is based on the oriental and traditional thoughts. Especially, when we searched Lee Sang-hwa’s biography, we found that he was related to the people who had Chondo-kyo belief. Such thoughts appeared his literary theory or in his prototypes. His literary criticism and poetry reveal the color of Korean folk faith, Shamanism and Donghak's succession. In his poetry text, the words such as 'heaven', 'spirit', 'sword' and 'cave' are frequently used. And these words are used to reveal the aspects of 'Immanent transcendence' observed wholy. This aspect can not be clarified in the existing discourse and is only explained within the horizon of the traditional thoughts. This study enables us to confirm that Lee-Sanghwa has built his own poetry system on the basis of traditional philosophy which is not influenced by the currents in the various ideal flows of the 1920s. In addition, it has a significance in that it can broaden the horizon of the new interpretation in reading the Lee-Sanghwa’s literature.

녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

노인의 성격과 죽음태도에 관한 탐색적 연구

유경원,박상하,김혜숙,정경인 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the personality of elderly people affects their attitude toward death. Method: For this study, we investigated 86 old men and women with over the age of 60 in C and J nursing home for the old at Gwang ju city during January 5 to March 31, 2003. As a research tool, the total 20 questions of modified Shanans assorted survey method to measure personality style were used and the reliability of this study was Cronbach's α= 0.7507. For determination of attitude of death, the total 36 questions of FODS, which has been used by Suh, Hye-Kyung were used and the reliability of this study was Cronbach's α= 0.60. Using SPSS program, the collected data were analyzed by Frequency, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient, respectively. Results: In the analyze of the results of personality complying with general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in age. It was shown that the personality of the old with the age of 61-65 is positive. There were no significant differences in thee attitude toward death complying with general characteristics. The hypothesis in this study, the correlation that the more positive personality of the old, the more positive attitude toward death was supported. Conclusion: Since the elderly people with more positive personality may have more positive attitude toward death, it is considered that the old themselves, their family and workers might help to haw positive personality for the positive attitude toward death.

화학공장의 악취배출량으로부터 간이 악취 영향도 예측 사례

유미선,양성봉,이오근 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Odor sources of a chemical plant in Ulsan were surveyed and temperatures, humidities and flow rates of each exhaust gas were measured. The air samples collected from each source were transferred to the laboratory for sensory test and their odor concentrations were investigated. The odor emission rate of each source was estimated from the recorded results and assigned the sources expected to be needed for the odor prevention policy using the simple prediction equation of the affection by malodor to the nearest residential area. From the total odor emission rate of the examined plant and the relation table for expectable affection area, it was concluded that total odor emission of this plant might be decreased for the prevention of residential complaint.

열처리가 다합금계 백주철의 기지조직, 경도 및 내마모성에 미치는 영향

류성곤 계명대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.21 No.1

Multi-component white cast iron of 3%C-10%Cr-5%Mo-5%W was casted, and then heat treated with three different methods such as homogenizing, austenizing and tempering to observe its effects on the mocrostructure, hardness and abrasive wear resistance. While M7C₃and M?C carbides with almost pearlitic structures were observed in as-cast specimen, secondary carbide, retained austenite and tempered martensite were observed in the heat treated specimens. Hardness and wear resistance of austenized and tempered specimens were improved compared to those of as-cast specimen.

전략경영과 수출성과에 관한 연구 : 신발산업을 중심으로

유승훈 韓國國際經營學會 1995 國際經營硏究 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 임금 상승 등 立地優位 요인의 상실에 따른 전반적인 한국 신발산업의 경쟁우위의 약화에도 불구하고 輸出成果가 신장되는 기업들의 성과 決政要因을 戰略經營을 중심으로 하는 기업 內部能力에 시각을 맞추어 규명하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 한국의 신발기업들은 4가지 전략군으로 구분되었는 바 이러한 전략군에 따라 成果와 기업 내부능력에 있어서 差異를 보여주고 있으며 技術 差別化 전략은 기업성과와 경영전략의 仲裁變數 역할을 하지 않는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 환경-전략 적합과 기술전략-경영전략의 적합은 성과에 有意한 영향을 미치지 않으나 전략-집중 적합은 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기업 내부우위 요인이 성과에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 크게 나타나 기업차원에서의 競爭力 提高를 위한 능동적이고 적극적인 노력은 열악해지는 외부환경에서도 보상을 받음을 示唆하고 있다. 나아가 분석 결과의 戰略的 含意가 결론적으로 다루어지고 있다.

球狀黑鉛鑄鐵의 Pearlite 硬化能에 미치는 合金元素의 影響

柳成坤 啓明大學校 産業技術硏究所 1990 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.12 No.-

The concept of pearlitic hardenability is described as the effect of alloying and cooling rate on inhibiting the formation of ferrite in ductile cast irons. Ferrite forms during solid state transformation around the graphite spheroid. As carbon diffuses through the ferrite ring, the graphite spheroid must enlarge and the ferrite ring must deform plastically to accomodate this growth. A model has been proposed to clarify this mechanism. The alloying effects of molybdenum, nickel, and copper were studied in a series of heats cast into a range of casting section sizes. Regression analysis was used to illustrate the effects of alloying and cooling rate on the microstructure of ductile cast irons.