한국인에서 일광 노출의 유해성에 대한 인지도와 일광 차단제의 이용 행태에 대한 연구

김상태,김기호,오선진,이승철,강세훈,윤재일,김진준,박석범,김홍용 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

Background: Although deleterious effects of sunlight have been increased recently, the surveillance of the attitudes toward sun-exposure and the behavioral aspect of using sunscreens in Koreans has hot been carried out. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the attitude toward the harmfulness of sun-exposure and behaviors of using sunscreens in Korea. Method: Five hundred and fifty-two subjects were surveyed to assess the attitude toward sun-exposure, as well as the subjects knowledge about, and the use of sunscreens. Underlying data including demographic data, skin colors, skin types, occupation, and sun-exposure, were obtained. Results: Fifty-four percent of subjects believed that sun-exposure is bad for their skins, but, on the contrary, 12.5% believed it to be beneficial. Fifty-two percent of subjects used sunscreens. Almost all subjects(93.8%) knew why to use sunscreens but 62.7% of subjects did not know the meaning of sun protective factors(SPF). Women, indoor workers, subjects less than 40 years old, with less sun-exposed, fair colored skin, or with skin type I, II, III tended to know the deleterious effects of sunlight and the meaning of SPF and used more sunscreen. Conclusion: High risk population-men, outdoor workers, subjects oider than 40 years old, with more sun-exposed, dark colored skin, or skin type VI, V could be targeted with campaigns that promote attitudinal and behavioral changes.

LPF와 반복삽입을 이용한 효율적인 오디오 워터마크 추출

강혜원,이우선,정성환 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

We propose a method to decrease greatly the of original signal and improve efficiency in extraction process by modifying the existent audio watermarking extraction process. In the extraction process, we improve the efficiency of watermark extraction through repeated insertion of watermark and usage of a simple low frequency filter to remove a signal similar to an original signal as a preprocessing. As the result of experiment using some actuality audio data, we get watermark detection rate improvement of about 79%.

오존을 이용한 하수2차 처리수의 처리 및 슬러지 감량화에 관한 연구

강용태,조용현,장성부,최선영 東亞大學校建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.1

Nowadays, most of water source is deteriorating due to depending on surface water more than 90%. New disinfection facilities are urgent because a provision of total coliforms was made newly and have gone into effect since in January 2003 for securing of water source. And waste sludge treatments is an outstanding environment question because of several reasons such as increases of waste sludge, high cost of waste sludge treatment and prohibition of sludge treatment method having been utilized. In this study, specific characteristics of ozone treatment for wastewater effluent and volume reduction of waste sludge were studied with pilot-plant. The results of the study are followed: A removal efficiencies of total-coliforms with ozone dose change of 1.6, 2.6, 3.5, 4.5gO3/m3Water were 73.7, 88.1, 95.6, 97.2% .respectively. And MLSS reduction rate of waste sludge with ozone dose change of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8gO3/gSS were 38.0, 50.0, 57.9, 62.0%.respectively. CODMn removal efficiency of that was 50.5, 65.0, 76.6, 82.1% respectively and SV30 reduced 92.6% even if ozone dose was 0.2gO3/gSS. Therefore, it is found that ozone treatment is very effective for sludge volume reduction and solidㆍliquid separation.

혈청 neuron specific enolase를 이용한 심정지후 신경학적 예후의 예측

강용선,정성필,박기일,김승환,김태승,이한식 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine that the assessment of serum neuron specific enolase(NSE) could provide a reliable early predictor of neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. Methods: Prospective, observational study was performed from April 1996 to March 1998 at a university teaching hospital ED. Serum NSE concentrations were analysed twice at 24 and 48 hours after return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC). Neurologic outcome was categorized using cerebral performance category(CPC). Results: Twenty-nine patients(16 were men) were enrolled during the study period. The mean age was 50.8 years. Nine(31%) of them showed good outcome defined as CPC 1-3, and 20(69%) patients showed bad outcome defined as CPC 4-5. In the good outcome group, the serum NSE was revealed 33.8±9.3 ng/ml at 24 hours, 34.0±4.73 ng/ml at 48 hours. While in the bad outcome group, it was 99.5±11.7 ng/ml and 114.6±15.8 ng/ml. The NSE at 48hr after ROSC was more prescise than that of 24hr. When the cutoff value of 50 ng/ml at 48hr, the sensitivity was 82%, and specificity was 93%. Conclusion: This study suggest that the serum NSE may represent a valuable, noninvasive, and useful clinical tool for prediction of neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.

골절단을 이용한 급속 치아이동 후 치수 및 치주조직 변화

강경화,김은철,이선경,임채웅,마쓰다 기꾸,태기출,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 골절단을 이용한 치아-치조골 분절의 급속 치아이동 후 치수, 치주인대 및 치조골의 변화를 유성견에서 평가하고자 하였다. 하악 제4소구치의 근심, 원심, 치근단 부위에서 피질골을 절단하여 치아-골 분절을 형성하고 하악 제3소구치를 발거하면서 협측, 설측 부위의 피질골을 삭제하였다. 1주 휴지기 부여에 따라 휴지기군과 비휴지기군으로 나누어 치아의존형 견인장치로 6일 동안 견인하고 강화기를 거친 후 0주, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주, 8주에 희생시켜 치수, 치주인대 및 치조골의 조직 변화를 임상적, 방사선적, 조직학적 및 면역화학적으로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치아이동 양과 강화기 동안의 조직 치유 양상에서 휴지기 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 2. 견인측에서 골형성은 강화기 8주까지 계속되었는데 강화기 1-2주에 가장 활발하였으며 6-8주간의 변화는 적었다. 3. 비휴지기군의 강화기 1주에서 치조골 흡수 및 파골세포 출현, 염증세포 침윤이 가장 많았으며, 특징적으로 파상아세포가 압박측의 치주인대와 치수 내에 나타났다. 4. TGF-β는 치조골의 골기질 및 골모세포, 파골세포, 치수 내 파상아세포에서 강양성 발현을 보인 반면 치수, 백악모세포, 무세포성 백악질에서 경미한 양성 발현을 나타내는 부위 특이성이 있었다. 5. TGF-β는 견인측 치주인대의 치조골에 인접한 혈관 및 치주인대세포, 골모세포에서 강화기 초기 1-2주에 주로 발현되었으며 6주 이후에는 발현이 크게 감소하였다. The movement of tooth-bone segments by osteotomy can simultaneously shift tooth and surrounding alveolar bone in a relatively short period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue changes in pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone in rapid tooth bone movement with osteotomy. The mandibular 3rd premolar of a dog was extracted and cortical bones of the buccal and lingual area were eliminated, and then cortical bones around the mesial and distal area of root, and below the root apex of the mandibular 4th premolar were osteotomized. After a one week latency period, a tooth-borne distraction device was activated for 6 days. And pulp, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and immunohistochemically at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of the consolidation period and conclusions were reached as follows. 1. Latency period didn't affect total amount of tooth movement and healing process of tissue during consolidation period. 2. Bone formation continued through 8 weeks of consolidation in distracted side, with a high peak at 1-2 weeks, and the lowest at 6-8 weeks of consolidation. 3. At 1 week of consolidation, alveolar bone resorption, osteoclast appearance and inflammatory cell infiltration were the most active, and dentinoclasts characteristically appeared on the pulp and pressure side of the periodontal ligament. 4. The expression of TGF-β was area-specific, as it was strong-positive at bone matrix, osteoblast, osteoclast of alveolar bone, and dentinoclast inside pulp, but weak in pulp, cementoblast and acellular cementum. 5. The expression of TGF-β was generally observed at the initial 1-2 weeks of consolidation at vessels, periodontal ligament cells, and osteoblast near alveolar bone on the distraction side of the periodontal ligament, and was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of consolidation.

태권도 선수들의 상해에 관한 조사연구

강용선,조성초 군산대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to ivestigate the actual status and the causes of injuries of collegiate Taekwondo competitors. The questionnaire composed of 25 items was used as the research tool for this study. The respondents were 214 collegiate Taekwondo competitors(171 men and 43 women) who participated in the nationwide university Taekwondo championship tournaments early in 1999. Chi-square(X?) was used for the statistical procedures. An α=.05 probability level used for all tests of statistical significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) More than 97% of respondents had experiences of the injuries related to Taekwondo, and Male competitors had more injury experiences than female competitors. 2) The injuries happened more frequency during practice than during competitions. 3) Both men and women were injured most frequently by the foot attack techniques, especially Front Turning Kick. 4) For both men and women, the most frequent injured part of the body was the leg, the second arm, the third face, the forth trunk, and the last head. The most frequent injured part of the leg was the knee for both men and women, that of the upper extremities was fingers for both men and women, and that of feet was ankles for men and top sides for women. 5) The 71.3 % of men and the 66.7 % of women with injured experiences continued to prantise or compete under the imperfect recovery from injuries. The 28% of men and The 33.5 % of women responded that there was not any expert for medical service at that time of injuries.

레이저 박피술의 피부면적 감소효과와 레이저 punch out 병변의 치유에 대한 실험적 연구

강동희,윤을식,구상환,안덕선,박승하 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

An experimental study was designed to analyze the surface reduction effect of ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser on the skin of guinea pigs receiving laser resurfacing. Two squares of skin measuring 3x3 ㎠ were designed on each side of the abdomen of guinea pigs(n=10). Five animals received laser resurfacing on their abdomen at energy of 250mJ/5 watt, and five other animals received 500 mJ/5 watt. On each animal, the left side square was treated with one pass of a CO2 laser, and the right side q=square was treated with two passes using a C.P.G. scanner. The size of the resurfacing area was determined by celluloid overlays at 1,2,3,4 and 6 weeks. Immediately following laser resurfacing, the area was decreased to 69%(left side) and 56%(right side) of the designed area in the 250 mJ/5 watt group, and 59% and 40% in the 500mJ/5 watt group. After 6 weeks, the resurfaced area had been reduced to 70% and 56% of the designed area in the 250mJ/5 watt group, and 60% and 40% in the 500mJ/5 watt group. As a result, the effect of surface reduction by CO2 laser resurfacing increased at a higher power and when more passes of the ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser were applied. The laser treated skin continued to maintain its contracted dimensions. These findings suggest that ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser may be an effective treatment method for rhytides. Another experiment was performed on multiple punch-out lesions on guinea pig skin(n=2) with 1,2,3 mm collimated hand pieces for the purpose of determining a new laser treatment method. After 4 weeks, on gross and histological examination, there were no differences in the healing of multiple punch-out lesions and the healing of punch-out lesions was complete without any scarring. These findings suggest that the laser punch-out method can be used for the treatment of acne scars.

RAPD-PCR을 이용한 마우스 계통간 유연관계

강은영,성승현,이진성,김선호,서동상 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1996 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.3 No.2

We have analyzed the genetic relationship among the mouse strains using RAPD-PCR. Polymorphic RAPD markers amplified from various primers were used to analyze the genetic relationship among seven mouse strains, CBA, C57BL/6, BALB/C, NOD, A/wy, DBA2, and AKR. The genetic similarity coefficients were estimated using the RAPD markers by UPGMA method. The genetic similarity coefficient between CBA and NOD was 0.474. This value was lower than any other genetic similarity coefficient among the strains tested. And CBA-specific RAPD band patterns were observed in 5 primers from 6 polymorphic primers used. This study makes possible phylogenetic identification among the inbred mouse strains at the molecular level using RAPD-PCR techniques.

난연성 FREP에 의한 철근콘크리트 보의 전단보강 성능평가

강기연,최기선,한상환,유영찬 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shear strengthening effects of the iFREP(incombustible Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Panel) to the reinforced concrete members and to provide the basic design recommendation for shear strengthening. The main variable were the thickness of iFREP, the amount of stirrup and the type of strengthening. Thirteen specimens were tested under static monotonic loading. From the test results, it was shown that the failure mode of RC beams which are strengthened by iFREP was governed by the delamination of iFREP. The shear capacity of beams strengthened by iFREP can be determined as the summation of the shear strengths provided by concrete, stirrup, and iFREP The shear strength by iFREP should be calculated based on the effective strain of iFREP. Also, the shear strengthening effects of specimen with two-side bonded iFREP is similar to those of specimen with three-side bonded iFREP (U-TYPE).

법랑질 인공우식병소에서 APF gel과 CPP-ACP 제제의 재광화 효과

강지선,이난영,이상호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

많은 연구에서 불소 이온을 이용한 치아우식증의 예방 및 재광화 효과에 대해 밝힌 바 있다. 불소는 치아우식을 예방하고 재광화를 촉진하는 대표적 인 성분이다. 하지만 불소를 이용한 재광화는 하부의 탈회 병소를 충분히 광화시키지 못하며 다공성으로 인해 불완전한 광화를 보인다. 또한 그 적용 과정에서 과량이 섭취되었을 경우에 발생할 수 있는 독성도 고려해야 한다. 한편 CPP-ACP(Casein Phosphopeptides-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate)는 초기의 우식병소를 재광화 시키며 우유 단백질인 casein으로부터 추출한 성분으로 섭취되어도 인체에 무해하다. 본 연구의 목적은 APF gel과 CPP-ACP 제제의 재광화 효과를 비교해 보고자 하는 것이다. 본 실험에서는 법랑질 인공우식 병소에 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride(APF) gel과 CPP-ACP 제제를 각 도포 방법에 따라 적용하였다. 14일 후, 표면미세경도를 측정하고 편광 현미경 하에서 재광화 병소를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 실험 전후 표면미세경도를 측정하여 비교한 결과, 모든 군에서 실험 후에 표면미세경도가 증가하였다(P<0.05). 2. CPP-ACP 제제를 도포한 군에서 불소를 도포한 군에 비해 표면미세경도 증가 폭이 유의하게 컸다(P<0.05). 3. 편광현미경 하에서 관찰한 결과 불소도포 군은 불규칙하고 얇은 재광화 층을, CPP-ACP제제를 도포한 군은 균일하고두터운 재광화 층을 보였다. Many operations have been carried out using the fluohde ion to prevent and reverse dental caries, It certainlyencourages remineralization and also prevents dental caries. However, the remineralization developed by these means is superficial only leaving lower levels of demineralized lesion with a degree of porosity and incomplete mineralization. We must consider its toxic effects when it isingested for overdose. The CPP-ACP paste is able to remineralize the incipient lesion and has no harmful effectswhen it is ingested, because it was made form casein which is from the protein of milk. The purpose of this article is to compare the remineralization effects between APF gel and the CPP-ACPpaste. we applicated the APF gel and CPP-ACP paste on the artificial enamel carious lesion. After 14 days. we measured the surface microhardness and observed the reminei-alized lesion under polarized light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. The surface microhardness ofgroup III was the highest. followed by gi'oup II. and I(p<0.05). 2. The surface microhardness ofgroup III was significantly higher than those ofgroup I, and II(p<0.05). 3. We could observe thin and irregular remineralization layer ofgroup II, and regular and moderate remineral-ization layer ofgroup III under polihzed light microscope.