화학적 요부 교감신경절 차단에서 한 분절 차단과 두 분절 차단의 비교

김종일,이규종,이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Chemical Lumbar Sympathetic Block: Comparison of One- Versus Two-needle Techniques Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Kyu-Jong Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^* Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain Clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: It was frequently noticed in the course of performing a two-needle sympathectomy, that satisfactory spread of contrast solution could be produced by injection through only one of the needles. This led to a closer examination of the merits of single-needle technique. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the single-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second or third lumbar sympathetic ganglia, while patients in the two-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second and thired lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Lumbar sympathetic blocks were performed using 3 ml of alcohol and the spread of injectate was verified with C-arm fluoroscopy. The indicators of a successful sympathetic block are increasing skin temperature, decreasing pain, and anhidrosis in the distal extremity. Results: The duration of anhidrosis was 12.2 ?? 2.6 months (mean ?? SD) in the single-needle group versus 13.6 ?? 3.6 months (mean << SD) in the two-needle group. Conclusions: As these results were not significantly different from those obtained in patients having considered to be effective for a neurolytic ;i,bar sympathectomy. (korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 439~443)

‘息影菴 = 德興君’說에 對한 再檢討

李鍾文 한국한문교육학회 2002 한문교육논집 Vol.19 No.-

釋息影庵(석식영암)은 佛門에 몸을 담은 高僧이면서도 李齊賢, 閔思平, 이암(이암) 등 당대 최고의 사대부 문인들과 교제했고, 특히 이제현, 이암과는 매우 가까웠던 사이였다. 더구나 그는 승려로서는 매우 드물게도 『息影庵』이라는 문집을 남겼고, 승려의 작품이 상대적으로 매우 빈약한 『東文選』에 그의 산문 작품이 무려 13편이나 수록되어 있다. 이 13편 가운데 <月燈寺竹樓竹記>는 중학교 국어 교과서에 12년 동안이나 번역문으로 수록되어 있었던 작품이고, <丁侍子傳>은 假傳 作品으로 진작부터 학계의 주목을 받아왔다. 요컨대 息影庵은 高麗後期 文學史에서 주목할 만한 작가 가운데 한 사람일 뿐만 아니라 이미 널리 알려져 있는 저명한 작가이기도 한 것이다. 그러나 이와 같은 知名度와는 별개로 息影庵에 대한 학계의 인식에는 한 가지의 근본적인 오류가 있어왔다. 주지하는 것처럼 지금까지 학계에서는 息影庵이 곧 忠宣王의 셋째 아들인 德興君과 동일한 인물로 알려져 왔고, 德興君이 지니고 있는 극도의 부정적인 이미지와 작품 이해에 암암리에 작용할 가능성마저도 없지 않았다. 그러나 息影庵과 관련된 자료들을 종합적으로 검토해본 결과 그가 德興君이라는 학계의 인식은 잘못된 것이었음이 밝혀졌으며, 이 짤막한 논문은 결국 이 문제를 규명하기 위하여 집필된 것이다. Notwithstanding his status as a high Buddhist priest, Sikyoungam(息影菴) kept clse relation with many literary men of the day, and among his closest contacts are Lee Je-hyun(李齊賢) and Lee Am(이암) who wrote brilliant works in the 14th century. It was very rare that a Buddhist priest published an antholgy. He was one of the few priests who could publish his anthology Sikyoungam's Literary Works(息影菴文集). Dongmunseon(東文選) is one of the anthologies done by royal orders in late 15th century and is known as a wide collection of literary works of those authors covering the periods from Shilla to early Chosun Dynasty. Only limited number of works of Buddhist priest appear in the anthology including Sikyoungam's(息影菴) 13 literary works. The number of his literary works appearing in the anthology is regarded very high compared to other Buddhist priests' literary works. Among his works appearing in the anthology are Weoldeungsajukrujukgi(月燈寺竹樓竹記), Jeongsijajeon(丁侍者傳), this have attracted attentions from a number of scholars for long years and the translation of the former has been appearing in the middle school textbook for more than 12 years. In short, Sikyoungam(息影菴) is one of the important and noted mem of letters in the late Koryo Dynasty deserving attentions of many scholars for his remarkable leterary works. Apart from the above fact, however, it must be noted that there has been a fundamental fallacy in the understanding of Sikyoungam(息影菴). Sikyoungam(息影菴) was known so far as an identical person with Deokheunggun(德興君), third son of king Choongsun(忠宣王), which is untrue. This widely spread false knowledge along with the bad prejudice upon Deokheunggun(德興君) might have led the readers to the misunderstanding of Sikyoungam's(息影菴) literary works. Thus, this brief paper tried to find that Sikyoungam(息影菴) is not identical with Deokheunggun(德興君) and that the writer;s comprehensive studies of the related materials support his objection to the existing misunderstanding on the identities of Sikyoungam(息影菴) and Deokheunggun(德興君).

平生體育을 위한 스포츠 活動의 育成方安에 關한 硏究

李揆文,崔淙洙,李鍾珏,金鍾聲,李永熙,金圭碩 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1985 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

This study is a survey of development methods of sports activity for life sports which was conducted with questionaire of 17 items during the months of January and February 1985. The selection of subjects is based on the random sampling method, and 1928 ?? of the questionaire were distributed to the Chung-Buk inhabitants during the period from March to June 1985. Among them 1622 sheets(84.1%) were returned, and 142 ?? which made an error in answers were all removed, and 1480 sheets were turned into effect. This research, aimed the the investigation and expansion of sports to the ??of socity, obtained the following conclusions. 1. The necessity and recongnition of life sports is unknown generally. The design and conduct of any fitness program for populace adults must consider age and physical characteristics, envirommental condition and must act any support under the new system with the manager, local administration, a territorial society. Also, the goal of the program should emphasize self-improvement within the physical status of the participant, rather than the attainment of fitness levels based upon the norms or the achievments of population samples. 2. The contents of activition in sports have general a tendency to complication and diversity. There were no sufficient facilities and equipments of sports. Therefore, In order to achieve the expansion of sports to the lowest stratum of society, must be improved various environmental conditions that consist of extrinsic motivation and concrete project. 3. The items of sports must be improved on the based of interest, age, local charac-teristics and sports facilitie must be expanded for to health, welfare of one's place of work and enterprise.

하지 수술을 위한 경막외 마취시 Ropivacaine 과 Bupivacaine 의 비교

이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Comparison of Epidural Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Surgery Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Suk Ban, M.D. and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea Background: Ropivacaine is an amide local anesthetic structurally related to bupivacaine. A ran-domized, double-blind study was performed to compare the clinical effectiveness of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower-extremity surgery. Methods: Forty-nine patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ) were randomized to receive 15 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Twenty patients received 15 ml of ropivacaine and 20 patients received 15 ml of bupiva-caine at the L3,4 or L4,5 interspace. Parameters measured were the onset time, duration and spread of sensory block, the onset time, duration and degree of motor block, the quality of anesthesia and the heart rate and blood pressure profile during the block onset. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar among the groups. Seven patients were excluded from the study due to technical failure of the block, two patients were excluded due to insufficient data. The onset and duration of analgesia at T10 dermatome (mean ?? SD) was 18.9 ?? 7.0 minutes and 187.5 ?? 34.6 minutes respectively for ropivacaine, and was 15.2 ?? 8.8 minutes and 187.8 ?? 40.0 minutes respectively for bupivacaine. Maximum block height (mean ?? SD) was T6.5 ?? 2.0 for ropivacaine and T6.4 ?? 2.0 for bupivacaine. The incidence of complete motor block (Bromage scale 3) was low in the ropivacaine group, being 3/20 for ropivacaine and 12.20 for bupivacaine. Conclusions: The sensory blockade profile of ropivacaine, administered epidurally, is similar to that obtained with an equal dose of bupivacaine. However motor blockade with ropivacaine is less intense, less frequent, and of shorter duration than with bupivacaine. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 434~438)

임신 종결 후 발생한 자궁 동정맥 누공에서 자궁동맥색전술로 치료한 1예

김종민,이해혁,김태희,남계현,심일구,이권해,김형문,이임순,장종호 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Arteriovenous fistula of uterus is rarely reported disease. This vascular malformation is very dangerous condition because Dilatation & curettage can cause massive uterine bleeding without accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by angiography, gray scale ultrasonography, color and duplex doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging is helpful. Especially color and duplex doppler ultrasonography is allows convincing detection and diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula. Recently transcatheter uterine artery embolization is treatment of choice. We have experienced a case of arteriovenous fistula of uterus. Which is presented with a brief review of literature.

인터넷 광고에 대한 이론적 고찰

이종호,서문식,김문태 釜山大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 1999 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.18 No.2

인터넷마케팅의 관심이 폭발적으로 증가하고 있는 지금, 인터넷 전자상거래의 증가와 더불어 인터넷 광고의 발전가능성이 크게 증대되고 있는데 본 논문을 통하여 인터넷 광고의 잠재성, 그 중에서도 소비자, 광고주, 마케터들의 인터넷 광고에 대한 인식, 인터넷의 다른 매체에 대한 영향, 인터넷 광고의 효과 및 효과측정에 대한 문제를 자세히 이론 고찰하여 미래 인터넷 광고전략을 위한 기본 틀을 숙지한다. The Internet has received a great deal of attention in the media lately due to it's tremendous growth among consumers and business alike. Acceptance and usage of the internet is so phenomenal that many experts are having difficulty in monitoring its grown. Estimates of internet users are as high as 35 million and internet advertising recorded the highest level of revenues during the third quarter of 1997, totaling in the $227.1 Million in United Stated. While a growing number of companies are interested in developing an internet presence, there is still a great deal of confusion about it and what this new medium has to offer to the advertising community. Moreover it is difficult to compare advertising effectiveness on the internet related to standard media, such as broadcast and print, because current measures of advertising effectiveness are not standardized and E-Commerce is not adopted with sufficient number of people that we could use sample with cost-effective way specially in korea. In this distance, we reviewed previous researches those related to internet advertising, and this will be the framework of future internet advertising research.

Pendant Crown Ethers 운반체를 이용한 에멀젼 액체막계에서의 Pb^2+ 분리

이종광,이부영,김종향,조문환 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.-

Acryloyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6 단위체는 '4-hydroxymethyl benzo-18-crown-6와 acryloyl chloride을 반응시켜 합성하였다. Poly(acryloyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6)는 벤젠용매하에서 AIBN을 개시제로하여 제조하였다. [0.001mole/L M(NO_3)_n(M^2+ =Na^+, Mg^2+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, Ba^2+, Zn^2+, Cu^2+, Cd^2+, Mn^n+ 와 Pb^2+)]를 포함한 source phase와 거대고리 리간드 [acryloyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6와 poly(acryloyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6)]와 계면활성제 Span 80을 포함한 toluene 막 그리고 Li_4P_2O_7를 포함하는 receiving phase로 구성되어진 에멀젼 액체막계에서 source phase로 부터 금속이온들의 소멸속도를 연구하였다. 금속이온의 이동에 관한 실험에서, 각 혼합물로 부터 Pb^2+ 이온이 가장 높은 이동율을 나타내었다. Acryloyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6 was synthesized by reacting 4'-hydroxymethyl benzo-18-crown-6 with acryloyl chloride. Poly(acryolyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6) was prepared in benzene by using AIBN as an initiator. The disapperance of metal ions from source phase as a function of time was studied in emulsion liquid membrane systems comprised in an aqueous source phase [0.001mole/L M(NO_3)_n(M^n+ =Na^+, Mg^2+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, Ba^2+, Zn^2+, Cu^2+, Cd^2+, Mn^2+ 와 Pb^2+)], a toluene membrane containing of the macrocyclic ligand[acryloyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6 and poly(acryloyl methyl benzo-18-crown-6)] and the surfactant Span 80, and an aqueous Li_4P_2O_7 receiving phase. In the experiment for metal ions transport using this emulsioning liquid membrane, the Pb^2+ ion transport was more higher than other metal ions.

친환경농업 시범마을에 대한 환경영향평가

이남종,고병구,노기안,한민수,김민경,곽한강,박문희 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4

1999년부터 2001년까지 3년간 친환경농업 시범마을에 적용되고 있는 INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) and IPM (Integrated Pest Management) 실천에 따른 추진효과를 분석하기 위하여 시범마을로 지정된 옥천과 양평지역의 농가 포장에서 시비량, 양분유실 및 생태계 변화 등을 조사 분석하였다. 3요소 시비량은 토양검정시비로 인하여 농가관행시비와 비교하여 28.6~39.4% 절감할 수 있었으며, 쌀 수량도 시비량이 비교적 적은 토양검정 시비구에서 3~10% 증수하였다. 영농기간동안 토양 침투수중 NO₃-N 농도는 농가관행 시비구 2.9 ㎎/L에 비하여 토양검정 시비구는 1.5 ㎎/L로 감소하였으며, 시범마을 논으로 유입되는 관개수의 COD, NH₄-N, NO₃-N 농도는 각각 15.0, 0.67, 1.39 ㎎/L, 시범마을 논에서 배출된 용수는 각각 12.4, 0.29, 2.42 ㎎g/L로 감소되는 경향이었다. 처리별 수서곤충, 환형동물, 패류 및 감각류 등의 개체수는 농가관행구 100에 대하여 토양검정 시비구 293, 토양검정과 개량제 혼용구 276, 무비구 90으로 토양검정 시비구에서 많았으며 수서 무척추 동물은 관행농업을 수행하고 있는 지역을 100으로 볼 때 친환경농업마을은 242와 443으로 INM과 IPM을 실천하는 시범마을에서 생물종이 다양하고 그 개체수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 친환경농업 시범마을 조성 후 작물 추천시비량 준수와 적기 예찰을 통하여 필요이상 사용되는 비료와 농약을 절감하여 생태계의 개선과 토양이 건전화된 것으로 평가되었다. In order to preserve the soundness of ago-ecosystem and products safety in agriculture, this study was evaluated environmental impact in relation to the INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) and IPM (Integrated Pest Management) at paddy fields at Ok-Chun and Yang-Pyung region. By introduction of INM with the application of BB(bulk-blanded) fertilizer based on soil analysis and EM, the application rate of fertilizer was reduced to about 28.6-39.4% and the yield of brown rice was increased to about 3-10% compared to conventional practices. The concentrations of COD, NH4-N, and NO3-N in irrigation water flowed to the environmental-friendly agriculture practices were 15.0, 0.67, and 1.39 ㎎/L, respectively. The concentrations of COD, NH₄-N, and NO₃-N from paddy fields in drainage water were 12.4, 0.29, and 2.42 ㎎/L, respectively. The total number of the freshwater invertebrates was higher in field treated with fektilhtion by prescription with soil testing. Also, the population density of aquatic insects was higher than the other fields at both demonstration villages. In conclusion, it was possible to reduce the amount of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals application, and increase the yield of rice by application of the environmental-friendly agriculture practices.

600N급 TMC후판강재를 적용한 기둥과 보 용접접합부의 인성평가

이철제,김종락,김종성,최문식 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

This paper aimed to evaluate the toughness of the 600N class TMC column to beam steel welded joint which subjected to cyclic loading. The specimens were designed as a unit frame of tall building's middle-storeys, and cross type weld connection, 600N class TMC steel were used for column and SM490 for beam. Two tests were carried out. Two specimens were considered to have the same structural property and ductile capacity. The specimen adapted scallop type showed the same toughness value as the speciment used non-scallop type.

돼지 우리 깔집용 왕겨에서의 Ochratoxin A 검출

이문한,박진봉,박응복,이영재,신광순,박종명,남궁선,조준형,박근식,권택석,이재구 한국수의공중보건학회 1992 예방수의학회지 Vol.16 No.1