Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Shin, Bich Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Deuk-Sik,Kim, Myong Jo,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Springer-Verlag 2012 Experimental brain research Vol.223 No.2

<P>Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100?ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6?h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6?h post-treatment, respectively.</P>

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

조혈모세포이식술이 골수기질세포의 기원 및 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 효과

강무일,조성원,오은숙,백기현,이원영,오기원,김혜수,한제호,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

방사선 조사에 의한 흰주 난포의 퇴축과 난포세포의 방사선 감수성

김수일,한승로,조근자,허대영,이영호,조문준,김무강,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

The aim of this study were to investigate radiation-induced atresia and radiation susceptibility in the rat ovary morphologically. Female rats (Sprague Dawley strain) of 4 weeks old were irradiated with dose of 4 Gy and 8 Gy, and sacrificed at hour 6, 12, and 24 after radiation. The H & E stain, the TUNEL method (ApopTag kit) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. In light microscopic observation, the number of atresia of ovarian follicles were increased significantly at 6h after irradiation (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between 4 Gy and 8 Gy irradiated groups. In TEM observation, granulosa cells in radio-sensitive follicles were characterized by several structural features including condensation of nuclear chromatin granules, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic body formation. An apoptotic cell is observed to have been phagocytosed by a normal granulosa cell. Granulosa cells in radio-resistant follicles were characterized by several structural features including nuclear indentation, partial condensation of chromatin granules, mitochondrial swelling, dilatation of RER cisterns, accumulation of dense irregular masses, accumulation of lipid droplets, and increased lysosomal bodies. Number of gap junctions between granulosa cells were decreased, and intercellular space were widen than that of control animals. These findings were prominent at 6h after irradiation and were diminished at 12h and 24h after irradiation. With these results, it was concluded that radiation-induced follicular cell apoptosis and ovarian follicular atresia in rat ovary increased considerably at 6h after irradiation. Further studies are needed to reveal the more extensive differences between radiosensitive and radioresistant follicular granulosa cells.

Mouse 에나멜아세포의 형태학적 구분에 관한 연구

백영일,김무강,이영호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of the report was to describe the regional classification of the zones of mouse incisor amelogensis. To do this, the epithelial tissue in the upper incisors of the mice were studied from 1.0,um Epon sections stained with toluidine blue after perfusion fixation with subsequent decalcification. The results summerized as follows. Such as the rats, the ameloblast layer was divided into three main zones (presecretory, secretory, and maturation zones) and then were themselves subdivided into ten small regions. Although a little differences were found within each region of the odontogenic and enamel organ, the contents and basic organization of the cells within each region in the mouse was less different than it is in the rat. Height of ameloblasts within each region was various and the value of secretory region toward the teeth neck was somewhat greater as compared to the other regions. Length measurements of secretory zone (28.6%) were almost doubled value as compared to the presecretory zone (13.4%) and length of the maturation zone which was roughly calculated was composed of the largest half of the odontogenic and enamel organ.

Cadmium Sulfate가 肝組織에 미치는 影響에 관한 形態學的 硏究

윤강호,박경란,김수일,노승무,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Cadmium is well known toxic heavy metal which has been related with various pathologic conditions of liver, kindney, testis, cardiovascular system and central nervous system etc.. In this experiment, cadmium sulfate (1.2mg/100gm b.w.) was given intravenously into the mouse (Balb - C, b. w. 20 - 25gm) via tail vein for the study on morphological changes of liver. On the 8hours, 16hours and 24hours after administration, mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, liver was removed, then, a part of liver was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, processed routinely, stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and observed under light microscope. Otherwise, the remainder portion of liver tissue was prefixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution, postfixed in the 1% osmium tetraoxide solution, embedded with Epon 840, and observed under transmission electron microscope(H-7000, Hitachi Co.). The results obtained were as followings ; 1. On light microscopic observation, hemorrhagic necrosis at the zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ with congestion of hepatic lobules were found. 2. On transmission electron microscopic observation, cisternal dilation of RER & SER, autophagic vacuoles, myelin figures, and certain electron dense materials within the hepatocytes were found. Although this observations were limited in mice, the above findings of its acute effects on liver morphology will serve morphological basis for the better understanding of toxic effects on liver after chronic exposure or multiple interactions with other toxic substances.

포러스콘크리트의 기초물성에 미치는 시멘트페이스트의 유동성 및 진동다짐시간의 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

김무한,백용관,최영욱,강석표,김재환,이성일 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.16 No.2

This study analyzed the influence of paste fluidity and vibration time for fundamental properties of porous concrete. Results of this study were shown as follows: 1) Even if target void ratio is same, void ratio and compressive strength of porous concrete is different according to w/c, paste flow and vibration time. So, In case of target void ratio, we must consider the influence of w/c, past flow and vibration time. 2) Though w/c and vibration time is same, as paste flow increase, all void ratio, continuous void ratio, and compressive strength decrease and difference between upper and lower void ratio increase. 3) Though w/c and paste flow is same, as vibration time increase, all void ratio and continuous void ratio decrease and difference between upper and lower void ratio increase. Also, compressive strength increase by 10 seconds and decease after 10 seconds. 4) As types of superplasticizer is different, all void ratio, continuous void ratio, and compressive strength is different. So, we must give consideration to paste fluidity and vibration time in order that increase of strength of porous concrete and distribution of uniform void.

한국산야생등줄쥐(Apodemus agrarius coreae)의 해마복합체에서 neuropeptide Y 면역반응세포에 관한 연구

김무강,송치원,이경열,박일권,정영길,이강이,김종섭 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1997 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.5 No.-

Neuropeptide Y(NPY) was first isolated from porcine brain. This discovery has lead some workers to study the distribution of this peptide in the central nervous system of various mammals. In this study the distribution pattern of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons was examined in the hippocampal complex of Striped field mouse in Korea(Apodemus agrarius coreae) Experimental animals were anesthesized with thiopental sodium and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde through the left ventricle and the ascending aorta. The brains were removed and transferred 10%, 20% and 30% sucrose solution. Sections were cut on a cryostat into 40㎛-thick. The tissue was immunostained with free-floating and avidin-biotm complex(ABC) method. The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings. 1. The most of NPY-IR neurons in hippocampus proper were found in the polymorphic layer and a few was found in the pyramidal layer. 2. The process run vertically in the deep polymorphic layer and run parallel to corpus callosum in superficial polymorphic layer. 3. The shapes of neurons in hippocampus proper were varied of polymorphic, oval or round, and the nerve fibers were found in the molecular laver and the hippocampal fissure. 4. The highest density in number of NPY-IR neurons on dentate gyrus were found in hilar area of dentate gyrus. 5. The most of NPY-IR nerve fibers were found in molecular cell layer.

동종골수이식 후 혈당 및 혈중 지질농도의 변화양상 및 관련인자

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘주 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6

연구배경:골수이식은 비교적 젊은 연령의 환자들을 대상으로 하며 면역억제제의 사용기간이 비교적 짧으므로, 주로 고령의 만성 질환 환자에서 시행되는 고형장기이식에서와는 달리 당대사 및 지단백 대사에 있어서 많은 차이점이 있을 것으로 추측된다. 저자들은 전향적 연구를 통하여 골수이식 후 시기별로 혈당 및 혈중지단백 변화 양상을 알아보고 이와 관련된 임상인자들을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법:1998년 10월부터 1999년 8월까지 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 동종골수이식을 시행한 환자들 중 43명을 대상으로 이식 전 및 이식 후 1, 2, 3, 4주와 3개월, 6개월에 공복 혈당, 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백을 측정하여 골수이식 후 시기별 변화를 관찰하고 여러 임상인자들에 따른 차이를 알아보았다. 결과:1. 공복혈당은 골수이식 수 첫4주 동안 상승하였고 이후 감소하였으나 이식 6개월 시점의 평균 공복혈당은 이식 전보다 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤은 이식 후 1주에 최고치를 형성하였고 이후 기저수준으로 회복되었다가 이식 수 3,6개월에 다시 증가하여 기저치에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 혈중 중성지방은 이식 후 1개월까지 유의하게 증가하였고 이후 감소하여, 3,6개월에는 기저치와 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 혈중 고밀도지단백은 이식 후 2,3주에 이식 전보다 유의하게 감소하였고 이후 이식 전 수준으로 회복되었다. 혈중 저밀도지단백은 총 콜레스테롤의 변화와 매우 유사하였다. 2. 골수이식 후 6개월 시점에서 공복 혈당이 126㎎/dL이상인 환자는 7명(16%)이었다. 이들 환자들과 공복혈당 126㎎/dL 미만의 환자 36명을 비교한 결과, 공복혈당이 126㎎/dL 이상인 환자군에서 스테로이드 평균 투여량이 많았고 고밀도지단백이 유의하게 낮았다. 3. 이식편대숙주질환이 발생한 환자는 그렇지 않은 환자보다 이식 후 1, 2, 3주 및 6개월의 총 콜레스테롤이 더 낮았고, 3개월의 공복혈당이 더 높았다. 혈연골수이식 환자군은 비혈연골수이식 환자에 비해 투여된 스테로이드 용량이 더 적음에도 불구하고 이식 후 1, 2, 3주 및 6개월의 총 콜레스테롤 수치가 더 높았다. 스테로이드 고용량 투여군(하루 평균 7.5㎎기준)은 저용량군보다 이식 후 3개월 시점의 공복혈당이 더 높았으나 나머지 시점의 혈당, 혈중 지질농도에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 결론:골수이식 후 초기시기에 주로 당 대사 및 지질대사이상이 관찰되며 이는 면역억제제 투여와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 면역억제제가 고용량 투여되는 합병증 발생 시 이들 대사이상에 관심을 기울여 대처해야 할 것이다. Background: In bone marrow transplantation(BMT), recipients are usually younger and immunosuppressants are open used in shorter period than in solid organ transplantation. Therefore, there might be a difference in glucose and lipid metabolism between BMT and solid organ transplantation. However, the serial changes of metabolic parameters following BMT have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the serial changes of blood glucose, lipids and the putative factors that are related with these changes after BMT. Methods: We have prospectively investigated 43 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT. Fasting plasma glucose(FPG), total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) were measured before BMT, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 weeks and 6 months after BMT. The serial changes of these metabolic parameters according to clinical factors including type of BMT, mean daily steroid dosage, and occurrence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) were examined. Results: 1. Mean FPG level increased during 4 weeks after BMT and remained above basal value at post-transplant 6 months. Total Cholesterol level was increased during initial 4 weeks after BMT and was above basal value at post-BMT of 3 and 6 months. Triglyceride level was progressively increased during initial 4 weeks after BMT, but returned to basal value there after. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased during initial 4 weeks after BMT, but returned to basal value there after. 2. Patients with FPG above 126 mg/dL and the other patients, the former received larger amounts of daily steroid and had lower HDL-cholesterol level. 3. The changes of metabolic parameters were different according to type of BMT, steroid dose, and occurrence of GVHD. Conclusion: Although there was increase of FPG, TC, TG and decrease of HDL-C during initial 4 weeks after BMT, these metabolic changes recovered slowly thereafter. Immunosuppressants are thought to be associated with these changes. Further observation will be needed for the long-term effect of BMT on metabolic changes(J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:689~698, 2000).

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5