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거친 표면을 가진 흡수체와 버퍼의 측면에 의한 극자외선 산란효과
권영근,심상진,김종회,김옥경,오혜근 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2003 이학기술연구지 Vol.6 No.-
마스크 상의 거친 표면을 정의하기 위해서 Monte-Carlo 방법이 적용되었다. 극자외선 마스크의 거친 표면 함수, 즉 power spectral density 에 의해 표현된 무작위적인 표면의 높이 변화는 상면에서의 전기장을 계산하기 위해서 재정의 되었다. Feynmann의 접근 방식과 유사한 산란에 대한 일반식을 유도하였고, 이는 결상과정에서 마스크의 단차상의 거친 측면에 의한 효과를 알아보기 위해서 적용되어졌다. 거친 표면과 완전히 편평한 표면에 대한 전기장의 위상과 진폭 변화 정도를 비교하기 위해서 다중 산람 문제 또한 여러 다른 패턴에 대하여 이 논문에서 다뤄졌다. The Monte-Carlo Method is adopted to define the roughness of the mask structure. A random surface height variation described by power spectral density for the rough surfaces of an estreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask is to be redefined to calculate the field in the image plane. A general explicit formula of the scattering, which is analogous to Feynman's approach, is derived, and it is adapted to the EUV mask structure to evaluate the effect of the surface roughness of the side wall of the mask topography on the image formation. The multiple random scattering problems are dealt with the different pattern types in order to compare field variations in phase and amplitude with the ideal flat surface.
수도관의 생물막 형성에 미치는 잔류염소와 파이프 재질의 영향
박세근,박재우,성권식,최성찬,김영관 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 産業技術硏究 Vol.21 No.B
This laboratory study examined the impact of free chlorine residual and pipe material on the formation of biofilm in drinking water distribution pipe surfaces. Result of heterotrophic plate counts(HPC) of the biofilm in the tap water- supplied reactor averaged 2.17×105CFU/cm2 on PVC and 2.43×105CFU/cm2 on STS 316, respectively. HPCs on the surface exposed to the tap water containing 0.2mg/L of free chlorinne residual averaged 4.24×104CFU/cm2 on PVC and 6.54×104CFU/cm2 on STS 316, respectively Average of HPC/Total direct counts in the tap water-supplied reactor ranged from 1.08%(PVC) to 1.26%(STS 316) and from 0.38%(PVC) to 0.65%(STS 316) in the reactor supplemented with disinfectant, resfectively. No correlation was observed between disinfectant addition and biofilm density. With regard to the biofilm formation, little difference existed between PVC and STS 316. Yellow and red pigmented bacteria were the dominant expressions in bulk fluid, whereas non-pigmented bacteria were found dominant in the biofilm. Pink/red pigmented bacteria were found to be facultative anaerobic, while yellow pigmented bacteria and non-pigmented bacteria were found to be obligate aerobic.
이상준,박진용,임태형,윤영호,권순대,남창욱,허규찬,박근용,구본식,김상표,장종억 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1997 계명의대학술지 Vol.16 No.3
저자들은 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 통증성 구강내 미란 및 전신성 수포성 미란을 동반한 심상성 천포창 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Various skin conditions such as diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, bullosis diabeticorum, granuloma annulare occur frequently in diabetes, although common lesions may be associated by chance. Pemphigus vulgaris(PV) is a blistering skin disease seen predominantly in elderly patients. This disorder is characterized by the loss of cohesion between epidermal cells with the resultant formation of intraepidermal blisters. These blisters rupture easily, leaving denuded areases that may crust and enlarge peripherally. In half or more of patients, lesions begin in the mouth: approximately 90% of patients have oromucosal involvement at some time during the course of their disease. But the relationship of this disorder with diabetes is not clear. We experienced a case of pemphigus vulgaris associated with NIDDM in 67 years old woman who was admitted due to painful oral ulcer and control of blood glucose, so we present this case with a review of literatures.
VDT작업별 정신사회적 스트레스와 근골격계 장애에 관한 연구
백남종,강종두,주영수,배인근,권호장,박종만,조수헌,김돈규,김재용,최홍렬 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.4
It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude("job strain") can lead to musculoskeletal disorder. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, especially myofascial pain syndrome(MPS). Information on demographic factors, confounders such as household load and taking care of children or not, and scores for decision latitude, job demand, and social support was obtained by self-administered questionnaire, which had been developed in Korean language, by adopting NIOSH instrument and Extended Karasek Model(16 items). All subjects were also examined by rehabilitation medicine specialists for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects(n=370) could be categorized into 4 groups, these were, housewives(n=89), shipyard CAD workers(n=89), general female workers(n=79; nurses, insurance counselors, public officials, clerks, etc), and telephone directory assistance operators(n=113). Results from univariate analyses indicated that all demographic factors, all confounders, scores for decision latitude and social support were not associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. However, score for job demand was higher in musculoskeletal disorder cases than others. In subgroup analysis, this association was convinced again, in telephone directory assistance operators. Job strain model showed that the group of telephone directory assistance operators was high-stain group, and OR of musculo skeletal disorder was 2.446(95% C. I. : 1.174, 5.096), when comparing this with the low strain group. In conclusion, job strain is a risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorder.
Ckb and Ybx2 interact with Ribc2 and are necessary for the ciliary beating of multi-cilia
Kwon Keun Yeong,Jeong Hyeongsun,Jang Dong Gil,Kwon Taejoon,Park Tae Joo 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.2
Background Motile cilia in a vertebrate are important to sustaining activities of life. Fluid flow on the apical surface of several tissues, including bronchial epithelium, ependymal epithelium, and fallopian tubules is generated by the ciliary beating of motile cilia. Multi-ciliated cells in ependymal tissue are responsible for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is essential for the development and homeostasis of the central nervous system, and airway tissues are protected from external contaminants by cilia-driven mucosal flow over the top of the airway epithelium. Objective A previous study reported that reduction of Ribc2 protein leads to disruption of ciliary beating in multi-ciliated cells. However, knowledge regarding the molecular function of Ribc2 is limited, thus currently available information is also limited. Therefore, we evaluated the importance of proteins involved in the interaction with Ribc2 in the process of ciliary beating. Methods Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis was performed for the discovery of proteins involved in the interaction with Ribc2. Expression of the target gene was inhibited by injection of antisense morpholinos and measurement of the fluid flow on the embryonic epidermis of Xenopus was performed using fluorescent beads for examination of the ciliary beating of multi cilia. In addition, the flag-tagged protein was expressed by injection of mRNA and the changes in protein localization in the cilia were measured by immunostaining and western blot analysis for analysis of the molecular interaction between Ribc2 and Ribc2 binding proteins in multi-cilia. Results The IP/MS analysis identified Ckb and Ybx2 as Ribc2 binding proteins and our results showed that localization of both Ckb and Ybx2 occurs at the axoneme of multi-cilia on the embryonic epithelium of Xenopus laevis. In addition, our findings confirmed that knock-down of Ckb or Ybx2 resulted in abnormal ciliary beating and reduction of cilia-driven fluid flow on multi-cilia of Xenopus laevis. In addition, significantly decreased localization of Ckb or Ybx2 in the ciliary axoneme was observed in Ribc2-depleted multi-cilia. Conclusion Ckb and Ybx2 are involved in the interaction with Ribc2 and are necessary for the ciliary beating of multi-cilia.
Yeong-Min Park,Kyung Tae Noh,Young-Il Jeong,정인덕,강현규,Gil Sun Cha,Su Jung Lee,Jong Keun Seo,Dae Hwan Kang,황태호,이은경,Byungsuk Kwon,박영민 생화학분자생물학회 2013 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.45 No.2
We evaluated the effectiveness of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs)vaccination on the induction of antitumor immunity in a mouse lymphoma model using EG7-lymphoma cells expressing ovalbumin (OVA). BMDCs treated with RG-II had an activated phenotype. RG-II induced interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1b, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interferon-c (IFN-c) production during dendritic cell (DC) maturation. BMDCs stimulated with RG-II facilitate the proliferation of CD8þ T cells. Using BMDCs from the mice deficient in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), we revealed that RG-II activity is dependent on TLR4. RG-II showed a preventive effect of immunization with OVA-pulsed BMDCs against EG7 lymphoma. These results suggested that RG-II expedites the DC-based immune response through the TLR4signaling pathway.