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- 저자 : 양재의(Jae-E Yang) (검색결과 313 건)
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Fractionation and Pollution Index of Heavy Metals in the Sangdong Tungsten Mine Tailings
양재의,김휘중,전상호,Yang, Jae-E.,Kim, Hee-Joung,Jun, Sang-Ho 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1
Enormous volumes of mining wastes from the abandoned and closed mines are disposed without a proper treatment in the upper Okdong River basin at Southeastern part of Kangwon Province. Erosion of these wastes contaminates soil, surface water, and sediments with heavy metals. Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in the mine tailing stored in the Sangdong Tungsten tailing dams and to assess the potential pollution index of each metal fraction. Tailing samples were collected from tailing dams at different depth and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of tailings ranged from 7.3 to 7.9. Contents of total N and organic matter were in the ranges of 3.2~5.5%, and 1.3~9.1%, respectively. Heavy metals in the tailings were higher in the newly constructed tailing dam than those in the old dam. Total concentrations of metals in the tailings were in the orders of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd, exceeded the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the natural abundance levels reported from uncontaminated soils. Relative distribution of heavy metal fractions was residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed, reversing the degree of metal bioavailability. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Distribution of metals in the tailing dam profiles was metal specific. Concentrations of Cu at the surface of tailing dams were higher than those at the bottom. Pollution index (PI) values of each fraction of metals were ranged from 4.27 to 8.51 based on total concentrations. PI values of mobile fractions were lower than those of immobile fractions. Results on metal fractions and PI values of the tailing samples indicate that tailing samples were contaminated with heavy metals and had potential to cause a detrimental effects on soil and water environment in the lower part of the stream. A prompt countermeasure to prevent surface of tailings in the dams from water and wind erosions is urgently needed. 강원도 동남부에 위치한 옥동천 상류에는 많은 양의 휴폐광산 폐기물이 적절한 처리시설이 없는 상태로 방치되어 있고, 이들이 유실되어 하류의 토양, 물 및 저니토를 중금속으로 오염시키고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 광미댐에 적치된 광미중에 존재하는 중금속의 분획물을 조사하고, 각 분획물의 오염도 지수를 평가하는데 있다. 광미댐에서 광미를 깊이별로 채취하여 물리화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 광미의 pH는 7.3~7.9였고, 총 질소와 유기물 함량은 각각 3.2~5.5% 및 1.3~9.1%의 범위에 있었다. 신광재댐 광미의 중금속함량은 구광재댐 광미보다 높은 편이었다. 광미에 존재하는 중금속 별 총 함량은 Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd순(順) 이었으며, 이들의 농도는 토양환경보전법에서 지정한 산업지역의 대책기준을 상회하고 있었으며, 천연부존량보다 높았다. 중금속 분획물의 상대적분포는 residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed순(順) 이었다. 총 농도에 비교하여 생물유효성 분획물의 농도는 매우 낮은 편이었다. 광재댐의 깊이별 중금속의 농도는 중금속의 종류에 따라 상이했다. 광재댐 표충의 Cu 농도는 심층의 농도보다 높았다. 총 농도를 기준으로 할 때 각 중금속 분획물의 오염도 지수는 4.27~8.51 범위에 있었다. 생물유효성 분획물의 오염도지수는 비유효성 분획물의 오염도 지수보다 낮았다. 광미에 존재하는 중금속 분획물의 농도와 오염도 지수에 관한 결과를 통해 광미는 중금속으로 인해 심각하게 오염된 상태이며, 유실될 경우 하류의 토양과 물 환경에 악영향을 미칠 잠재성을 지니고 있다고 판단되었다. 광미댐으로부터 광미의 유실을 방지할 수 있는 대책이 시급히 필요한 실정이다.
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Fertility Status in Northeastern Alpine Soils of South Korea with Cultivation of Vegetable Crops
양재의,조병옥,신영오,김정제,Yang, Jae-E.,Cho, Byong-Ok,Shin, Young-Oh,Kim, Jeong-Je 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1
Total upland area for cultivating the vegetable crops in the Alpine soils of Northeastern South Korea has been extending its limit to meet the increasing demand of vegetable food in recent decades. About 70% of these alpine soils are located in over 7% of the slope and most of vegetable crops have been cultivated intensively without practicing the best management systems. Thus, soil erosion and continuous cropping system have degenerated the soil fertility and shown detrimental effects on water quality. We initiated an intensive and extensive investigation to characterize the fertility problems encountered in these uplands. Objectives of this paper were to characterize the fertility status in the Alpine soils cultivated with vegetable crops for many years and to provide the recommendations for adequate soil management measures including fertilization and erosion control. Soils in general have good drainage with textural classes of loam or sandy loam. Their topographical characteristics tended to lead them to shallow plow layers, and the steepness of the terrain created erosion hazard. Of the soils examined, about 11% of uplands over 30% gradient was found in need of an urgent reforestation. A high content of gravel and firm hardness of soil attributed to inhibit the utilization of farm machinery and plant-root development. The average soil pH 5.6 was slightly low relative to pH 5.70 of the national average. Organic matter content was high compared with 2.0% of national average, but decreased with the prolonged cultivation periods. Available $P_2O_5$ concentration was unusually high due to the consequence of over dose application with chemical and organic fertilizers. Exchangeable cations as Ca, Mg, and K were appeared to be decreased in these regions with prolonging the cultivation periods. There were no significant differences in cation exchange capacity (CEC) and electrical conductivity (EC) among locations. Heavy metal contents were mostly lower than the threshold of danger level designated by Soil Environment Conservation Law of South Korea. Results indicated that a proper countermeasure and the best management practice should be immediately implemented to conserve the top soil and fertility in the Alpine regions. 지난 2, 30년 동안에 진행되고 있는 한국인의 식생활변화와 함께 채소 작물에 대한 수요가 급격히 증가하면서 강원도 고랭지 토양이 여름 채소 재배지로 각광을 받게 되었고 그 재배 면적이 매년 확대 일로에 있다. 이 토양의 비옥도를 유지 내지는 향상시키고 적절한 관리를 기하기 위해 광범위하고 집중적인 조사와 검정을 실시하여 얻은 결과의 일부를 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있었다. 조사된 토양은 일반적으로 양토 내지는 사양토로써 배수가 양호하였으며 대부분 경사지에 놓여 있기 때문에 심할 경우 침식의 위험에 노출되게 되어 경작충이 매우 얕았으며, 이 중 30% 또는 그 이상의 경사도를 가진 토양 11%는 곧 다시 조림해야 할 정도로 농경지로써는 부적절하였다. 이미 받은 침식으로 인해 자갈 함량이 높았으며 토양의 경도 역시 식물의 뿌리 신장과 농기구 사용에 지장을 줄 정도였다. 토양의 pH는 산성화 쪽으로 진행되었고, 유기물 함량, 치환성 염기인 Ca, Mg, 그리고 K의 함량은 경작 연수가 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데 유효 인산 ($P_2O_5$)만은 농가의 퇴구비 과다 사용 결과로 인해 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 양이온 치환용량(CEC)과 전기 전도도(EC)는 토양과 토양 사이에 별 차이가 없었다. 이 지역의 고랭지 토양은 아직 Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 그리고 Ni등의 중금속 원소에 의한 토양 오염의 영향을 받지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
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양재의(Jae E. Yang),옥용식(Yong-Sik Ok),정덕영(Doug-Young Chung) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.6
This paper reviews the future directions and perspectives on the soil environmental researches in the 21 century. Previously, the principal emphasis of soil environmental researches had put on the enhancement of food and fiber productions. Beside the basic function of soil, however, the societal needs on soil resources in the 21st century have demands for several environmental and social challenges, occurring regionally or globally. Typical global issues with which soil science should deal include food security with increasing agronomic production to meet the exploding world population growth, adaptation and mitigation of climate change, increase of the carbon sequestration, supply of the biomass and bioenergy, securing the water resource and quality, protection of environmental pollution, enhancing the biodiversity and ecosystem health, and developing the sustainable farming/cropping system that improve the use efficiency of water and agricultural resources. These challenges can be solved through the sustainable crop production intensification (SCPI) or plant welfare concept in which soil plays a key role in solving the abovementioned global issues. Through implementation of either concept, soil science can fulfill the goal of the modern agriculture which is the sustainable production of crops while maintaining or enhancing the ecosystem function, quality and health. Therefore, directions of the future soil environmental researches should lie on valuing soil as an ecosystem services, translating research across both temporal and spatial scales, sharing and using data already available for other purposes, incorporating existing and new technologies from other disciplines, collaborating across discipline, and translating soil research into information for stakeholders and end users. Through the outcomes of these approaches, soil can enhance the productivity from the same confined land, increase profitability, conserve natural resource, reduce the negative impact on environment, enhance human nutrition and health, and enhance natural capital and the flow of ecosystem services. Soil is the central dogma, final frontier and new engine for the era of sustainability development in the 21<SUP>st</SUP> century and thus soil environmental researches should be carried according to this main theme.
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