提川郡 荷川里-月窟里 地域의 地質構造와 岩石學的 硏究

Ok Joon Kim(金玉準),Kang Min Yu(兪剛民) 대한자원환경지질학회 1977 자원환경지질 Vol.10 No.1

The study area is located in between Hacheonri and Weolgulri, Jecheon-gun where the formations of Okcheon group and Chosun group come in contact and the stratigraphy and geological age of the Okcheon group have been debated among previous workers. The dolomitic limestone which distributed at Cheongam and Dumusil is clarified as the Hyangsanri dolomite formation and the quartzite distributed at Cheongam and Howeunri as Taehyangsan quartzite formation. The newly named Soorumsan schist interbedded in the Great Limestone Series was previously classified Seochangri formation. It is also classified that the formation formerly named as Seochangri was divided into newly named Manji schist which seems to be correlated to Kemyeongsan and Munjuri formation. The formation formerly named as Buknori is clarified as Hwanggangri formation. The Samtaesan formation has been clarified as the lower and upper limestone beds which belong to the Great Limestone Series. The area divided into two groups, that is, Okcheon system of Pre-cambrian age occupies western part and the Great Limestone Series of Chosun system of Cambro-Ordovician age eastern part of this area. Okcheon system consists in ascending order of Manji schist, Hyangsanri dolomite, Taehyangsan quartzite, Munjuri schist, and Hwanggangri formation of meta-tillite. The Great Limestone Series of Chosun group consists in ascending order of lower limestone, Soorumsan schist, Hoosanri quartzite and upper limestone formations. Busan augen gneiss seems to be igneous origin. Unmetamorphosed shale interbed can be traced in the Soorumsan schist. Previous study (Kims, 1974) reveals that meta-volcanic rocks are distributed from south to north alone contact zone of the Okcheon and Chosun groups, and it has been confirmed that the meta-volcanics crop out continuously from the adjacent southern quardrangle into the southern part of the area studied, intruding along the fault zone between the Okcheon and Chosun groups which seems to be upthrust as in the area south. This evidence coincides with Kims’ work (1974) which states that the Precambrian Okcheon group is largely overturned and thrusted over the Chosun group.

북한의 남침에 대한 중국의 지원약속과 소련의 역할: 북한의 남침제의부터 남침개시 전까지를 중심으로

김옥준 ( Ok Joon Kim ) 대한정치학회 2011 大韓政治學會報 Vol.18 No.1

본고에서는 위에서 언급한 김일성의 남침제의에서부터 남침개시 전까지 기간동안의 시간적인 범위, 즉 김일성의 남침제의에 대한 거부에서 승인으로 전환되는 과정에서의 스탈린의 전략적 계산 및 마오의 지원약속 배경과 의미 등을 중점적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 특히 쟁점이 되고 있는 스탈린이 김일성의 남침을 승인하는 과정에서 미군의 직접개입에 관한 고려, 그리고 김일성의 남침제의와 지원에 대한 마오의 입장, 인민해방군 조선인부대의 북한인도, 미군의 개입가능성 평가, 인민해방군 재배치의 의미 등을 중점적으로 분석한다. 미국과의 직접충돌을 우려하고 있었던 스탈린에게 단서가 있었지만 중국의 직접파병 약속은 김일성의 남침계획을 승인하는데 결정적인 작용을 하였으며, 스탈린은 끝까지 김일성의 남침계획의 전면에 나서지 않으면서 이 전쟁에 중국을 끌어들였다. 미군의 직접개입 가능성을 낮게 평가한 마오는 스탈린의 전략에 휘말려 들어갔으며 결국 전쟁 발발 후 며칠이 지나지 않아 마오의 판단은 빗나가고 말았다. This study mainly examines factor that affected Stalin`s strategic calculations and decisions on the Korean war and Mao`s commitment to support North Korea`s war efforts in the period stretching from Kim Il Sung`s invasion proposal to the initiation. A particular focus is given to the issue how Stalin`s concern with the direct involvement of the US Army with the Korean war affected his decision of Kim`s proposal. Other interesting issues include Mao`s attitude of Kim`s proposal, the transfer of Korean Liberation Army soldiers to North Korea, the possibility of American intervention, and the significance of the relocation of the People`s Liberation Army. Stalin, who was concerned with direct confrontations with the US, approached the matter cautiously. Yet the Chinese promise of military engagement prompted his approval. Stalin had been behind the scene and succeeded in drawing the Chinese involvement. On the other hand, Mao underestimated the possibility of the US involvement and was entangled with the war shortly. The process of the war in a few days proved that Mao was wrong.

중국의 한국전 참전에 대한 전략적 고려

김옥준(Kim Ok-Joon) 동아시아국제정치학회 2013 국제정치연구 Vol.16 No.1

China has almost no intention to participate in the Korean war in its early phrase. This intention had been changed by the involvement of the formidable American military forces. This study examines how the Chinese perception of the war involvement developed as the war situation changed. Through this analysis it evaluates several issues and disagreements related to the Chinese participation decision; First, China had prepared to participate into the war in the very beginning of the North Korean preparation. Second, the Chinese decision was materialized after the American forces became involved. Third, the Chinese government insisted that the assistant of the Soviet air force should be a precondition for its war participation. Fourth, the decision was made in the middle of August when the war appeared to be dragged for long. To properly evaluate these issues this study covers the period from the start of the war to Kim’s request for Chinese war participation on Semester in 1950.

독성물질의 세포사 기전 및 세포사 유발물질의 검색법 개발에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 독성물질로 인한 파킨슨병 모델에서의 세포사 기전 연구 Study on the cell-death mechanisms of toxin-induced parkinsonism

강태석,김종민,서경원,김영옥,김준규,오재호,이윤동,김규봉,오정자,송연정,임종준,전범석,문전옥,최광식 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

MPTP 독성물질이 도파민성 신경세포에 선택적으로 작용하여 산화성 손상에 의한 신경세포사를 일으키는 것을 이용하여 파킨슨병의 동물모델을 만들고, 이를 통해서 아폼토시스를 비롯한 포사의 기전에 대한 연구 및 너코틴의 신경세포 보호효과 여부를 판정하는 실험을 병행하고자 하였다. 파킨슨꾐의 동물모델을 MPTf 독성 물질을 이용하여 확립하였으며, MPTP(30mgag, i.p.)를 투여한 후 1, 2,3, 4, 5일째 흑질 조직을 채춰하여 tarm로 박걸하여 tyrosine hydroxylase 면역조직화학염색을 수행하여 cell countif우한 결과, control은 57.635ce11s, 1일째 친.OfDells,2일째 57.9±6cells,3일릴 없.3±죠ells, 4일째 49.0츠3cells, 5일째 39.4±Scells료 4, 3일째 뚜렷한 신경세포 수의 감소를 보였다. 신경세포사 기전 규명을 위한 아폼토시스 분걱에서는 벼PTP 투여 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 조직을 채취하여 Hoechst staining, TUNEL staining을 수곡하였는데 양성 반응을 보인 신경세포는 관찰되지 않아. 아폼토시스로 인한 세포사가 관찰되지 않았다. bIPTP 파킨슨병 동물모델에서 nicotine 보호효과 탐색에 관한 실험은 nicat푸e 0.2mgAg을 5일 퐁안 투여 후 리『fP(30mgag)를 CS7Bt/6 마은스에 복강 내주사로 nicotine과 병용 투여한 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 뇌를 적출하땄다. 신경세포사가 뚜렷이 관찰되기 시작하는 4, 5일째의 신경세포 수의 감소 정도를 20. 30% 정도 약화시키는 경향을 보였으나, nicotine 보호효과에 대한 추가 실헝이 현재 수행 중에 있다. The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely unknown. However, free radical toxicit? may plaf a role ip. the degeneration of substantia nigra, which is the Hajorfocus of pathological damages in PD. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of nicotine in PD has been suggested. Therefore, the mechanism of neurodegenerafion and protective potential o( nicotine in PD were investigated in the experimental modeB of Pll using a neurotoxin, C57BL/6mice were administered with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg,j.p.). The degree of neurodegenerafion was determined by immunohistochemical stainiHB oftyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-positive cells on nigral sections were found 56.0 ±4, 57.9 ±6,52.315ce11s, 49.0±3cells, and 39,4±Scells at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively (controls : 57.6±Scells). Hoechst and TUNEL staining showed no evidence of apoptosis. The exandnation on themice co-adrunistered with nicotine(0.2mgAg) and MPTP(30mgag) revealed a tendency ofnicotine protective effects. At days 4 and 5, the degree of TH-positive cells was decreased by20-30%, In corclusiffn, the role of apoptosis was not evidenced in this MPTP modeB of PB.The possible proteccon by nicotine should be elucidated with further studies.

Distribution of Aquaporins (Water Channels) in the Rat Salivary Glands

정지연(Ji-Yeon Jung),한창룡(Chang-Ryoung Han),정연진(Yeon-Jin Jeong),오원만(Won-Mann Oh),김미원(Mi-Won Kim1),김선헌(Sun-Hun Kim),김옥준(Ok-Joon Kim),김현진(Huyn-Jin Kim),고정태(Jeong-Tae Koh),최홍란(Hong-Ran Choi),김원재(Won-Jae Kim) 대한해부학회 2002 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.35 No.3

침샘은 하루 1.5 l의 침을 분비하며, 일반적으로 침샘에서 수분이동은 능동적 염분 이동에 따른 삼투현상에 의해 일어난다. 따라서 침샘에서 높은 수분투과성으로 인해 수분통로 단백인 aquaporin (AQP)들이 풍부하게 존재할 수 있다. 지금까지침샘에 4가지 형태의 AQP이 존재한다고 알려져 있지만 침샘에서 정확한 위치와 수분 이동에 대한 각 AQP들의 역할은 아직 확실치 않다. 본 연구는 300 g 정도의 흰쥐를 pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, IP) 마취하에서 carbarchol (10 μg/kg)을 복강 내 투여한 후 AQP들의 역할과 분포를 면역조직화학방법으로 조사하였다. AQP1은 침샘의 미세혈관의 내피세포와 샘세포와 샘관 주위에 존재하는 근육상피세포에 존재하였다. AQP4는 침샘관의 마지막 부위인 배출관에 존재하였다. AQP5는 주로 장액세포의 바닥가쪽과 세포사이 분비소관을 포함한 세포꼭대기쪽막 에 존재하였으며 콜린성 분비 자극으로 세포꼭대기쪽막으로 이동되어 밀집되었다. AQP5는 모든 침샘의 사이관과 줄무늬 관에도 존재하였으며 점액세포는 약하게 존재하였다. AQP8은 AQP5처럼 장액세포의 바닥쪽막과 세포사이 분비소관을 포함한 세포꼭대기쪽막에 존재하였으며 콜린성 침분비 자극으로 세포꼭대기쪽막쪽으로 이동되어 밀집되었다. 이상의 실험결과는 AQP5와 AQP8이 장액세포에서 일차 침 형성시 일어나는 수분이동의 주된 통로임을 시사하였다. The salivary glands produce 1.5 l of fluid per day. As in other organs, the general paradigm in the salivary glands is that water movement occurs secondary to osmotic driving forces created by active salt transport. Therefore, high water permeability in salivary glands is expected to need a variety of aquaporin (AQP), a water channel. Although four AQPs have been known to reside in salivary glands, the precise location and roles of AQPs have been not well examined. This study is aimed to investigate the distribution of AQPs in 3 major salivary glands and their changes after cholinergic stimulation using immunohistochemical study in Sprague Dawley rats weighing 300 g under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. AQP1 was localized in the endothelial cells of all salivary capillary vessels and the myoepithelial cells. AQP4 was demonstrated in the epithelium of the excretory ductal cells of all salivary glands. AQP5 and 8 were abundantly present in the basolateral membrane and apical membranes of the serous acini including intercellular secretory canaliculi, whereas AQP5 was weakly present in mucous acini. In addition, AQP5 was found in the epithelium of the intercalated and striated ducts. Upon stimulation of carbachol (10 μg/kg, I.P). AQP5 and 8 tended to translocate from basolateral membrane to the apical membrane, appearing as clusters of dots. These results suggest that AQP5 and 8 are the candidate molecules responsible for the water movement in salivary acinar cells.

북핵문제해결을 위한 중국의 적극적인 역할과 요인

김옥준 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2003 국제학논총 Vol.8 No.-

북핵문제가 발발한 이후, 중국은 IAEA 특별이사회에서의 북핵문제 유엔 안보리회부 결의안 찬성을 기점으로 적극적인 태도로 전환되게 된다. 그 이후, 중국은 3자회담과 1, 2차 6자회담의 개최를 위해 적극적인 셔틀외교를 전개하였을 뿐만 아니라 북한에 대해 무상원조까지 제공하면서 북한을 다자회담의 틀 속으로 끌어들이면서 북핵문제의 평화적이고도 조속한 해결을 시도하였다. 본고는 중국의 북핵문제에 대한 이러한 적극적인 역할과 그 전략적 의의를 대내적인 요인(개혁개방 정책, 신 지도부의 위상)과 대외적인 요인(일본요인, 대만요인, 한반도 요인, 동북아 전략적 요인)을 중심으로 분석해 봄으로써 밝혀보고자 하였다. 결국 중국은 북핵문제를 동북아 지역적 차원에서 해결해야 할 국제문제로 인식하고 지역강대국으로서의 역할과 책임을 적극적으로 수행함으로서 역내 국제정세를 주도해 나가고자 하고 있다. With regard to issue of North Korea's nuclear weapon development program, China began to change its policy by voting for transfer the North Korean Issue to the Security Council of the UN in Special Council of IAEA. Since then, China has actively participated in the Tripartite Meeting and twice meetings of the Six Parties Meetings. Furthermore, China persuaded North Korea to participate in the multilateral meetings to peacefully resolve the issue of North Korean nuclear weapon development by providing aids to North Korea. In this sense, this paper attempts to define the main factors that determined the active role of China on the North Korean issue by analyzing both domestic factors such as reform policy and new leadership of the Chinese government and international factors such as "Japan factor", "Taiwan factor", "Korean Peninsular factor", and "North East Asian factor". In conclusion, China conceives the North Korean issue as an important North East Asian agenda that should be peacefully resolved by international cooperation. And the Chinese government believes that it should play active role in the negotiations to occupy dominant position in the North East Asian area.

관상동맥 혈류의 예비력 측정에서 ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate)와 아데노이신의 비교

김원,탁승제,김한수,신준한,조윤경,최옥경,임경수,최병일 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.6

河西 金麟厚의 醇正文學 考察

金準玉 여수대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Appeared as a governing-principle with establishing Choson Dynasty, Confucianism was only one point in accepting and understanding all civilization. Literature, Confucianism establishing iteself as a view of literature, had also developed from the useful viewpoints. So, it seems that the foundation of literary ideology can be shown to us. The present writer had divided the literary trend of Choson Dynasty into two sections:just ethical JeDo Literature(載道文學) and SoonJong Literature(醇正文學), pure emotion without any hypocrisy or manipulation though some philosophical thought. This thesis is studied aspects of Haso kim In-hoo's(金麟厚). SoonJ??ng Literature, which had left about 1600 poems in Chinese and Korean in order to prove the above theory objectively. Haso did not profess himself to be a post though he left a lot of poems behind. We can not find any evidences to have developed poetic theory or criticism, however, we can analogize his idea of literature through his saying or poems. it was certain that haso regarded the Anatects of Confucius, The Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean as his literary text, Especially, he regarded The Book of Odes as a beginning in the Confucian classics and emphasized that nothing is more important for scientists to study than anything else. According to this, the present writer is sure that his poetic line or idea of literature is Confucianic thtoughly. these fasts reveal themselves in his poems. Choson Dyasty's scholars stuck to their opinion that poet had to contribute to the social enlightement, or sing the root of universe or mythitical nature. Haso complied with this opinion completely and used the content of the Confucian classics as poetic words, or made natural things like the Four Gracious Plants or landcape of his expressional subjects. he set up the background of pure and clean natural thing or landscape with the attitude of leaning, and expressed properly man's such as pure and natural facts in his poems of spritual being and landscape. What other poets in Choson Dynasty had background of pure and clean natural things or landcape, and sublimed them artistically, in case of seeing with today's viewpoints, is able to say "pure poems". this thesis will be a usefull materal to understand pure poems in Choson Dynesty.

응급실 자의퇴원환자의 요인분석

김승환,김옥준,장석준,정구영,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Discharge against medical advice(AMA) in the emergency department is a frustrating, painful event to both patients and emergency physicians and emergency physicians. A retrospective chart review of 347 consecutive AMA patient from our emergency department from December 1992 to May 1993. Among them, 185 patients were interviewed with our researcher about primary cause of AMA through telephone contact. The results were as follows : 1. Total 9,705 patients visited our emergency department during 6-months period and there was 347 AMA patients(3.6%) 2. The main reasons for 185 AMA were ; 1) patients' or family's own problem in 114 cases(61.6%) 2) changes in patient condition(terminal case, improvement) in 56 cases(30.3%). 3) dissatisfaction to medical services in 15 cases(8.1%) 3. During same period, there was 117 cases of drug intoxication mainly due to suicidal attempt and 18 AMA was noted. Among 18 AMA cases, 16 patients discharged against medical advice due to patients' own problem(mainly due to economical problem) but none of them revisited OPD or emergency department. 4. Eight of 40 AMA patients with symptom improvement were managed in OPD, emergency department or other hospital but none of them admitted. In conclusion, we noticed that the main cause of AMA is non-medical problem in Korea and there should be continuous effert to improve our medical insurance system, emergency medical services system. Only through the judicious use of AMA, it can be used as a tool of determining patient satisfaction and quality improvement in emergency medical field.

직장암 수술 후 국소재발과 예후

김태윤,백무준,김성용,신응진,박내경,이문수,김창호,송옥평 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Locally recurrent rectal cancer is a difficult clinical problem. Local recurrence following treatment for rectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The reported range of local recurrence rates following surgical treatment for rectal cancer has varied from 4% to 50%. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 142 rectal cancer patients from January 1991 to December 1999. Analysis of patients factors included age, gender, type of surgery, and adjuvant therapy. Tumors were assessed for level, stage, and grade. Local recurrence and distant metastases were also documented. Variables influencing local recurrence in this group were identified and disease-free survival is determined. Of the 142 patients(74 males, 68 females; mean age 62.6 years), 137 consecutive patients operated on for rectal cancer and followed up to December 2000 (range 23-118months) were analyzed. Local recurrence rate was 18.3%. Age and sex of patients, type of surgery, location of tumor in the rectum, size, morphology and grading of the tumor were all unrelated to the event under investigation. At Cox regression, the Dukes stage and the postoperative radiotherapy were the only independent prognostic factors for local recurrence, and Dukes stage (Hazard ratio=2.89, p<0.001) and local recurrence (Hazard ratio=3.31, p<0.01) were the only independent factors associated with improved survival.