Aflatoxin B_1 투여가 急性 肝 病變에 미치는 영향에 對한 病理學的 硏究

장선문,이충식,강대영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.1

In an attempt of elucidate the pathologic and histochemical changes of aflatoxin B_2-induced hepatie lesions, the present study in male Sprague-Dawley rats was undertaken to evalute the relation between pathologic change of the liver and histochemical changes of several enzymes : alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase at 3. 9. 24. 48. 72, and 144 hours after single administration of aflatoxin B_1 by gastric tube. The aflatoxin B_1 was dissolved in peanut oil(0.5㎎ aflatoxin B_1 to 0.5ml peanut oil). Grouop of male rats received aflatoxin B_1 1㎎ per ㎏ of body weight, respectively. Control animals were given a similar volume of peanut oil alone. The results on morphologic and histochemical changes were as follows: 1. The necrotic change of liver was mainly periportal, and it became most severe at 24 hours and was more prominent in the large dose group than the small dose group. 2. Biliary ductular cell proliferation started to appear within 72 hours and after became regressed later in the small dose group, but it remained approximately 144 hours after exposure in the large dose group. 3. Electron microscopically, all three groups showed irregular nuclear membrane and nucleolar change characterized by segregation of granular and fibrillar elements. All the group showed cytoplasmie changes such as dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum with detached ribosome, hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, increased numbers of lipid droplets and mitochondrial alteration. The above change in the large dose group was more severe than those of the small dose group. 4. In the histochemical study of experimental animals, there was a decrease in the intensity of the staining reaction of alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase within 24 hours and a progressive decrease in staining intensity was noted at 144 hours. And then the staining intensity of the acid phosphatase was similar to that shown by the control animal. In summary, the data obtained by present experiments indicate aflatoxin B_1 exerts periportal necrosis of hepatic lobules accompanied by bile ductular cell proliferation, and inhibition of protein synthesis, as jedged by elertron microscopic and histochemical changes.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

평행봉 몸 굽혀 2회전 뒤 공중 돌아 내리기 동작의 국면별 운동학적 분석

윤창선,강대식 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

This thesis has an aim to examine the influence on landing of successful salto by the difference of athletic factors of salto backward tucked dismount on the parallel bars. This thesis analyzed six national representative players dividing them into the skill group (G1) who got more than 9.5 point and the unskilled group (G2) who got less than 9.5 point based on the average point by four international referees utilizing three dimensional image analyses photographed with video camera, and it got the conclusion of the athletic factors dividing into each aspect as followings. 1. As for the time spent by the groups when the thesis divided them into each aspect, G1 spent more time than G2. It's because G1 acted in stability at the moment of staying in the space and landing as it spent much time in the space with fast down swing and release, but G2 on the contrary, acted fast at the moment of space of four aspects with slow down swing and release. And its landing was unstable at the movement of low height. 2. As for the positional change in each aspect, the parallel position of G2 increased than that of G1, and the increased parallel position made the unstable salto and landing . As for the change of vertical position, at the time of down swing in the first aspect, what G1 acted at the low position of the second aspect at the high position seemed to be an act to release fast falling the high joint down, and it made salto high and made landing stable. 3. As for speed change of high joint in each aspect, G1 acted with fast horizontal speed generally at the time of release, aspect of space, and aspect of landing because of right horizontal speed at the time of down swing, and it seemed to be an act to get rotary power of double salto. As for the vertical speed, G1 acted with a much more vertical speed than G2 in four aspects with a big up-down movement by the fast vertical speed at the time of down swing and release. It means that G1 acted fast with a fast vertical speed of the high joint to get the height to stay in the air. 4. As for the change of the angle of the high joint in each aspect, G1 acted a bigger down swing and release than G2 utilizing the stretched body of the high joint at the time of down swing and release. As for change of angle of shoulder, G1 acted down swing with the shoulder joint accessed nearer than G2 to the body. At the time of down swing, it acted with a big angle of shoulder joint to stretch high shoulder at the time of swing. In addition to it, at the time of release, G2 escaped from the hand more slowly than G1 because of big angle. It made the movement of space and landing movement unstable. 5. As for change of angular speed in each aspect, G1 acted with a fast high joint down swing from the start to the first aspect. It acted with a slow speed of the angle stretching the high joint in the second and the third aspect so that it could get fast angular speed in the forth and the fifth aspect. As for the change of shoulder joint, G1 acted with a fast angular speed in the aspect of space and that of landing movement by the fast speed of shoulder joint at the time of release. In addition to it, fast angular speed of the shoulder joint in the release aspect of space made the rotary power of double salto.

Biomechanical analysis of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to degenerative changes in the lumbar spine – Validated finite element analysis

Li, Quan You,Kim, Ho-Joong,Son, Juhyun,Kang, Kyoung-Tak,Chang, Bong-Soon,Lee, Choon-Ki,Seok, Hyun Sik,Yeom, Jin S. Elsevier 2017 Computers in biology and medicine Vol.89 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>There are no studies about the biomechanical analysis of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare, by using finite element (FE) analysis, the biomechanical changes of the lumbar spine in terms of annulus stress and nucleus pressure after two different kinds of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to disc degenerative changes.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The validated intact and degenerated FE models (L2-5) were used in this study. In these two models, two different decompression surgical scenarios at L3-4, including conventional laminectomy (ConLa) and the spinous process osteotomy (SpinO), were simulated. Therefore, a total of six models were simulated. Under preloading, 7.5 Nm moments of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion were imposed. In each model, the maximal von Mises stress on the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pressure at the index segment (L3-4) and adjacent segments (L2-3 and L4-5) were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The ConLa model and disc degeneration model demonstrated a larger annulus stress at the decompression level (L3-4) under all four moments than were seen in the SpinO model and healthy disc model, respectively. Therefore, the ConLa model with moderate disc degeneration showed the highest annulus stress at the decompression level (L3-4). However, the percent change of annulus stress at L3-4 from the intact model to the matched decompression model was less in the moderate disc degeneration model than in the healthy disc model.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Although the ConLa model with moderate disc degeneration showed the highest annulus stress, the degenerative models would be less influenced by the decompression technique.</P>

현대음악에 있어서 우연성의 변천

강창식 한국음악학회 1982 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.1 No.1

Contemporary music has born through a lot of ideological changes and its technical changes. Especially Twelve Tone-Technic which is originated by Schonberg in 1923 has established a system for atonal music and this crests an infinite possibilities in the expression of music. And also this technic became a basic foundation to bring forth a lot of queer forms of music. Meanwhile pointism in music which is invented by Webern changed the traditional melody music into the rhythmic music. So the functional notion of music, that is, the context of music has become less valuable than the non-functional notion of music which regard the individual note as the more important elements. Hereafter the integral serialism which initiated by Nessiaen has developed into not only serials but also musical materials which produce the completely controled music on the basis of integral serialism. But this mathematic and semi-scientifical method of music technic in composing lead to music without emotion and finally it arrives at formalism in music. On the other hand Free Twelve Note Music which is initiated by Berio, Boulez, and etc. lay more emphasis on the expression of pure feeling. Therefore the method of expression has become enlarged and diversified. During this period the Chance Music which was once dwarfed has revived again and has become a method to be exploited much. The concrete music and the electronic music which is tried by Schaeffer in 1947 and Eimert in 1950 has been developed rapidly in the amid of mechanical revolution. But there arose an ideological conflict in music, that is, how feeling come to be imputed into music whether it is subjectively imputed or objectively imputed. This trend of chance music have to be admitted as a reality at the time and as a result it create a computer music according to the continuous development of it. Anyhow the new acoustic music which was never been heard before have become an epidemic event in the history of music. Therefore if the acoustic rhythm which is made by machine could be audible as an extra-ordinary musical melody, we could not help admitting the existence of chance music. On the other hand the chance music which is grown out of by the reaction of concrete music and electronic music enlarged by Free Twelve Note Music made the expression of feeling boundless just as the acoustic music made by electronic music became endless in its expression. In a sense, this new trend in music would be regarded as the new style of music which need to participate a group of persons, that is, composers, musical players, and audience at the same time. The reperformance of the chance music is impossible and if it is possible, it would be considered as meaningless. Therefore it may be said that the transcendental thoughts contained in the chance music. At any rate the chance music attained the highest stage of prosterity in the history of music. As the modern civilization become diversified, the philosophy in arts occurred a great change; for example, the mode of expression in arts became diversified, too. In the older times, many people believe that the arts have to be expressed in a certain style or have to be formed with the same homogeneity. But this kind of ideas have gradually disappeared. Instead there arose a new aspect of style which combine various kinds, and methods using a lot of media. Therefore multimedia begins to be used in music and it matches even with non-exclusionism. And there are many cases which chance music is connected with music using multimedia. New style or new technic have been studied by many composers to find out new music through centuries. No one knows what kinds of music will survive and become prosperous or what kind of music will disappear or what kind of classic music will revive or what kind of music will be created. God only knows what kind of music will appeare in the future.

국내 중소하천의 유사량 산정 공식 적용에 관한 연구

강창훈 ( Chang-hoon Kang ),장석환 ( Suk-hwan Jang ),신철식 ( Cheol-sik Shin ),이현기 ( Hyeon-ki Lee ),김월봉 ( Wol-bong Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2013 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.14 No.6

유사란 하천수에 의하여 운반되는 토사를 말하며 유수에 의해 침식, 퇴적이 반복되는 결과를 낳는다. 최근 기후변화와 함께 대규모 홍수가 빈번해 짐에 따라 하천의 유사량이 커지고 4대강 사업처럼 대규모 하천사업으로 인한 하상변동이 심해지고 있다. 하천에서 총유사량 추정은 하상변동의 원인이 되기도 하고 수자원 개발 및 관리를 위한 하천계획에 필요한 기본적 요소이다. 하지만 국내에서는 대규모 하천에서의 유사량은 측정을 실시하고 있지만 중소하천의 경우 유사량을 실측하여 산정할 수 있는 시간적 경제적 부담 때문에 측정할 수 있는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 경기북부에 위치한 차탄천, 포천천, 경기남부에 위치한 남양천의 각 유량에 따른 부유사를 채취하여 시료분석을 통한 결과와 이론식을 적용하여 비교 분석 하였다. 채취한 시료는 입도분석을 실시하였으며 현장 측정 자료와 실내실험 결과를 토대로 수정 아인슈타인공식을 적용한 BORAMEP 프로그램을 사용하여 총유사량을 산정하였다. 분석 결과, 3m³/sec 이하 유량에서는 Yang 공식이 실측자료와 일치성을 나타냈고 3m³/sec 이상에서는 Shen and Hung 공식이 잘 나타났다. 각 이론을 적용하여 총유사량을 추정하고, 실측치를 이용하여 비교·검토함으로써 국내 중소하천에 적합한 산정 방법과 경기북부 지역 중소하천의 유량-총유사량 관계식을 제시하였다. Sediment transport means that the materials of bed and suspended load in the river are transported by flow tractive force, which causes scour and deposition. As the climate changes and dramatic flood occurs frequently, the sediment transport has increased and river bed changed. Sediment transport estimation is essential for the water resources management as well as river bed morphology. However, it is difficult to measure the total sediment in the middle and small river due to time and economic constrain. In this study, field data which were observed in 3 different river in Kyunggi-do were analyzed for comparing with empirical equations. Particle distribution analysis were carried out for the collected the suspended loads. The simulation model BORAMEP(Bureau of Reclamation Automated Modified Einstein Procedure) were used for the total sediment estimation along the field data analysis. As a result, Yang`s equation corresponds to field data under 3m³/sec and the equation of Shen and Hung corresponds to results over 3m³/sec. The results showed the way how sediment were estimated and discharge-total sediment relationship was determined by regression analysis in small and middle river of Kyunggi province region.

백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.

소의 대동맥 내피세포에서 산화저밀도 지단백에 의한 아포프토시스에 백일해 독소 및 콜레라 독소가 미치는 영향

손호영(Ho Young Son),강성구(Sung Ku Kang),강무일(Moo Il Kang),차봉연(Bong Youn Cha),이광우(Kwang Woo Lee),장상아(Sang Ah Chang),최윤희(Yoon Hee Choi),문성대(Sung Dae Moon),안유배(Yoo Bae Ahn),손현식(Hyun Sik Son),윤건호(Kun Ho Yoon) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.5

N/A Objectives : Oxidized LDL is thought to play a key role in atherogenesis. Among their wide variety of biological properties, oxidized LDL injures the endothelium as an early event of atherogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which oxidized LDL injures endothelial cells are not definitely known. In order to evaluate the involvement of GTP-binding protein on the mechanism of apoptosis, we studied the effects of pertussis and cholera toxin on oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs). Methods : Oxidized LDL elicited apoptosis in cultured BAECs as shown by characteristic morphological and biochemical changes. Chromatin condensation and nucleus fragmentation were visualized by using fluorescence microscopy of intact cells staining by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide. DNA fragmentation was quantified by an ELISA with specific antibody for bromodeoxyuridine- labelled DNA fragments and confirmed with DNA ladder formation. Results : Studies using a combination of bacterial toxins which change the function of GTP-binding protein suggest that oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was regulated by GTP-binding protein. Oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was not changed by pretreatment of BAECs with pertussis toxin. In contrast, pretreatment with cholera toxin completely prevented the oxidized LDL- induced apoptosis. Conclusion : These results show that oxidized LDL induces apoptosis of BAECs and suggest that cholera toxin-sensitive G-proteins are involved in signal transduction of oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis of BAEC.

Effect of epidural corticosteroid injection on magnetic resonance imaging findings

( Min Soo Kim ),( Tae Yoon Jeong ),( Yu Seon Cheong ),( Young Wook Jeon ),( So Young Lim ),( Seong Sik Kang ),( In Nam Kim ),( Tsong Bin Chang ),( Hyun Ho Seong ),( Byeong Mun Hwang ) 대한통증학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.30 No.4

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine is the preferred diagnostic tool for pathologic conditions affecting the spine. However, in patients receiving epidural corticosteroid injection (ESI) for treatment of spinal diseases, there is a possibility of misreading of MR images because of air or fluid in the epidural space after the injection. Therefore, we defined the characteristics of abnormal changes in MRI findings following an ESI in patients with low back pain. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 133 patients who underwent MRI of the lumbar spine within 7 days after ESI between 2006 and 2015.All patients were administered an ESI using a 22-gauge Tuohy needle at the lumbar spine through the interlaminar approach. The epidural space was identified by the loss of resistance technique with air. Results: The incidences of abnormal changes in MRI findings because of ESI were 54%, 31%, and 25% in patients who underwent MRI at approximately 24 h, and 2 and 3 days after ESI, respectively. Abnormal MRI findings included epidural air or fluid, needle tracks, and soft tissue changes. Epidural air, the most frequent abnormal finding (82%), was observed in 41% of patients who underwent MRI within 3 days after injection. Abnormal findings due to an ESI were not observed in MR images acquired 4 days after ESI or later. Conclusions: Pain physicians should consider the possibility of abnormal findings in MR images acquired after epidural injection using the interlaminar approach and the loss of resistance technique with air at the lumbar spine. (Korean J Pain 2017; 30: 281-6)

결핵성 척추염에서 양측 접근법에 의한 전방척추융합술의 수술적치험 1예

강중식,조준,윤승환,문창택,장상근 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

In the treatment of tuberculous spondylitis, posterior spinal fusion is more simple and safe procedures than anterior spinal fusion. We performed bilateral anterior spinal fusion with autologous iliac bone graft and concomitant with psoas muscle abscess drainage and antituberculosis drug. As a result, patient was possible early ambulation and he had no recurrence, no complication such as resorption of bone fragment and kyphotic angle change. This article describeds the advantage of bilateral anterior approach in tuberculous spondylitis wish psoas abscess.