한국인의 연, 망간, 알루미늄 및 실리콘의 혈중 농도

김정만,안정모,김원술,김정일,신해림,정갑열,김준연 동아대학교 산업의학연구소 2000 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.5

Blood Lead, Manganese, Aluminium and Silicon Concentrations in Korean Adults Jung Man Kim, Jung Mo Ahn, Won Sul Kim1), Jung Il Kim2), Hai Rim Shin, Kap Yeol Jung2), Joon Youn Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and Industrial Medicine Research Institute. Dong-A University Department of Health Care, Handong University Sunlin Presbyterian Hotpital1) Department of Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University2) 0bjectives : This study was performed to determine the reference values of blood lead, manganese, aluminium, and silicon in healthy adults. Methods : The subjects were 132 (67 male and 65 female), and classified to three age groups (≤39,40∼49, and 50≤). Hood lead, manganese and aluminium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and blood silicon was analyzed by direct current plasma optical omission spectrometer. Results : Blood lead levels(geometric mean, S.D) were (3.49, 1.70) ㎍/dL in male auld (3.04, 1.65) ㎍/dL in female, but the difference is not significant, and there was no significant difference between age groups. Mean blood manganese level was 0.99±0.41㎍/dL, and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood aluminium level was 0.59±0.35㎍/dL and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood silicon level was 54.41±27.64㎍/dL in male and 43.34±23.51㎍/dL in female, and the level in male was significantly higher than that in female (p〈0.05). There was significant difference between age groups, and the oldest showed the highest level in male (p〈0.05), but no significant difference between age groups in female. Conclusions : Authors hope that this study would provide basic data for determininig reference values and evaluating health effects.

A Study on the Mythological Figures in the Poetry of W. B. Yeats

Lee, Jung-Won 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 人文學論叢 Vol.3 No.-

긴 작품활동 동안 예이츠의 관심의 초점은 항상 사람들에게 맞춰져 있었다. 이는 희곡이나 산문 작품에만 해당하는 말이 아니라 그의 시에도 마찬가지로 적용된다. 그의 시에 등장하는 인물 중에는 신화적 인물들이 상당수 있는데 예이츠가 정의하는 신화는 단지 신들의 이야기만이 아닌 보다 넓은 의미의 정의, 여러 세대를 두고 전해 내려온 전설적 인물들도 포함한다. 릴리안 페더는 예이츠에게 신화의 주인공들은 한 문명의 발단단계를 나타내며 그 소산물이라고 말한 바 있다. 한 시대의 특징들이 신화를 통해 전달되며 현대에 도전하는 시금석이 된다는 것이다. 예이츠의 신화적 인물들은 신화라는 단어가 일반적으로 연상시키는 그리스, 로마 신화보다도 그의 조국 아일랜드의 신화에서 나온 인물이 더 많다는 특성을 지니고 있다. 예이츠는 물론 아일랜드 인들만을 자신의 독자로 생각하고 글을 쓴 것은 아니지만 이들 인물들을 시에서 묘사함으로써 잘 알려지지 않았던 아일랜드의 문화적 유산을 성공적으로 보편화, 세계화하는 본보기를 보여주고 있다. 예이츠는 시에서 기존 신화를 단순히 인용하는 것이 아니라 자신의 필요에 맞게 한, 두 양상을 선택해 확대하고 증보하는 자유로운 상상력의 구사로 새로운 인물로 창조하는 면모를 보여준다. 또한 그에게 신화적 인물은 사라진 고대세계의 인물로만 존재하는 것이 아니라 현대사회에 재현될 수 있는 인물상으로 그려진다. 그리하여 신화적 영웅 쿠훌린은 1916년 혁명의 현장에 되살아나며 트로이의 헬렌은 그의 평생의 연인 모드 곤의 모습에 투영되어있다. 예이츠가 한 편의 시에서는 한가지 양상을 중점적으로 묘사했기 때문에 예이츠 시의 신화적 인물들은 여러 편의 시를 종합하여 고찰할 때 그 인물의 유형적 특성이 잘 드러난다. 본고에서는 사랑의 신 엥거스, 은둔현자 퍼거스, 시인 어쉰, 전사 쿠훌린, 절세미녀 트로이 헬렌의 다섯 인물의 분석을 통해 예이츠가 이들 신화적 인물들을 통해 구현하고자 했던 인간관을 살펴본다.

3차원 유한요소해석에서의 효과적인 Mesh 구성에 관한 기초적인 연구

정기영,양원호 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1

The finite element method is widely used in analysis of engineering problems. However, there are some problems that should be solved. These problems are such as automatic mesh generation, error analysis, adaptive mesh refinement and so forth. In this respect, this paper is composed of three parts dealing respectively with automatic mesh generation, error analysis and adaptive mesh refinement. Conclusions obtained through above study are as follows. ① The program using discrete transfinite mapping method can construct adaptive mesh automatically. ② The validity of error indicator is demonstrated in the stress concentration problems. ③ A near-optimal mesh for a given accuracy of solution can be obtained in 3 to 4 steps of iteratvie refinement.

저주파진동 억제를 위한 전력계통안정화장치의 최적 파라미터 결정에 관한 연구

정정원 慶星大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.14 No.2

In this paper, a method of determining optimal parameters of power system stabilizer is presented. A new performance index, which can evaluate the share of a particular mode in state responses, is proposed. This performance index is defined as a weighted sum of areas under squares of envelopes produced by oscillations of that mode in each state during a specified time interval. The problem of selecting optimum values of power system stabilizer parameters is formulated as one of parameter optimization problems. Objective function is defined as a sum of performance indeces of low frequency modes. The gradient of the objective function with respect to PSS parameters is derived in an explicit form. A steepest descent method is adopted because of its directness of application.

Al₂O₃의 미세구조와 기계적성질에 미치는 Mo 첨가의 영향

정원도,배원태 국립경상대학교 공과대학 부설 첨단소재연구소 1991 尖端素材 Vol.1 No.-

The effects of Mo addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃ were studied, Mo powders with average sizes of 6, 1.6, and 0.6 ㎛ were dispersed in Al₂O₃. Mo particles suppressed the grain growth of Al₂O₃. With the increase of Mo amount, the relative densities of Al₂O₃/Mo composites decreased. Regardless of the particle size of Mo, the bending strength and the fracture toughness were maximized when 2.5 and 5 vol% of Mo were added respectively. When the 0.6 ㎛ Mo was used, the relative density, the bending strength, and the fracture toughness were higher than others. Comminution of 0.6 ㎛ Mo was not effective in increasing the bending strength and fracture toughness. The toughening mechani는 of Al₂O₃/Mo composite are thought to be the crack deflection and microcracking.

경기도 지역 영아보육프로그램의 질적 수준에 대한 보육교사와 학부모의 인식 비교연구

이정원,김용미 京機大學校 2006 論文集 Vol.50 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine how caregivers and parents perceived the quality of infant daycare programs and whether there were any differences between their opinions in light of the type of daycare center. It's meant to lay the groundwork for providing appropriate infant daycare programs that could satisfy both caregivers and parents. The research questions were posed as below: 1. Does the type of daycare center make any differences to the outlook of caregivers on the quality of infant daycare programs? 2. Does the type of daycare center make any differences to the perception of parents about the quality of infant daycare programs? 3. Are there any differences between the opinions of caregivers and parents on the quality of infant daycare programs? 4. The instrument used in this study to assess the quality of infant daycare programs was Abbott-Shim and Sibley(1987)'s Assessment Profile for Early Childhood Programs, or APECP, which was adapted by Gang Suk-hyeon(1994) and modified by Jo In-suk(1997). 1'his instrument included 69 items in five different areas. The subjects in this study were caregivers in char☞e of infants at about 70 daycare centers and parents who sent their children to those daycare centers. For data handling, 1-test was conducted to see how the caregivers and parents perceived the quality of infant daycare programs. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, as for the perception of the caregivers in different types of daycare centers about the quality of infant daycare programs, the national and public daycare center caregivers had a higher opinion on daycare center environments, health, safety, daycare Programs, caregiver- child interaction and caregiver-parent interaction than the private daycare center caregivers did. And the gap between the two was statistically significant. Second, regarding the view of the parents in different types of daycare centers about the quality of infant daycare programs, the parents whose children attended national and public daycare centers set a higher value on the overall quality of infant care programs than the others whose children attended private daycare centers did, and the type of daycare center made a significant difference to their views. Third, as to differences between the opinions of the caregivers and parents on the quality of infant daycare programs, the parents viewed daycare center environments more favorably than the caregivers. Thus, whether or not the type of daycare center made any differences to the People's way of looking at infant care Programs was investigated. The private center caregivers and parents set a lower value on the quality of infant care programs than the national and public daycare center carefivers and parents did, and the reason seemed that the taller excelled the former in environments and Programs. Another reason seemed that the national and public daycare center caregivers took more courses or got more training in infant care than the private daycare center caregivers did. Private daycare centers urgently needed to offer more chances for caregivers to receive education, and their environments should be improved as well. The government should offer more financial aid and standardized infant care programs for private daycare centers to boost their performance.

중부지역 과수원 토양중의 중금속 함량 평가

정구복,김원일,이종식,신중두,김진호,윤순강 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.1

우리나라 중부지역에서 1998년 3∼5월에 과수원 토양 164지점(경기 48, 강원 36, 충북 36, 충남 44지점)을 대상으로 표토(0∼20 ㎝)와 심토(20∼40 ㎝)로 나누어 채취하여 토양내 중금 속함량과 분포특성, 총함량에 대한 침축액별 가용성 함량 비율 및 토양 이화학성과의 관계 를 비교 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 과수원 토양중 0.1 N-HCl 침출성 평균함량은 Cd 0.080, Cu 4.23. Pb 3.42 ㎎/㎏, 1 N-HCl 침출성 As 평규함량은 0.44 ㎎/㎏, 중금속 총함량 은 Zn 78.9, Ni 16.09 및 Hg 0.052 ㎎/㎏ 이었다. 과수원 토양내 중금속 평균함량은 우리 나 라 토양환경보전법의 토양오염 우려기준(Cd 1.5, Cu 50, Pb 100, Zn 300, Ni 40, Hg 4 ㎎/ ㎏)과 비교하여 1/25∼1/76.9 수준으로 안전하였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 Cd 5.4∼9.2, Cu 27.9∼47.8, Pb 12.6∼21.8, Zn 15.8∼20.3, Ni 5.3∼6.3, Cr 0.7∼3.6% 이었고, 특히 0.05 M-EDTA 침출성 CU 및 Pb의 침출비율이 상대적으로 높 게 나타났다. 토양내 Cd, Pb 및 Ni의 총함량은 모래함량과 부의상관, 미사와 점토함량과는 정의 상관을 보였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 점토함량과 는 부의 상관을 보였으며, Zn과 Ni의 함량비율은 토양 pH값, 유기물 및 유효인산 함량과 정 의 상관을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 과수원 토양의 중금속 함량은 토양환경보전법의 토양오염기준보다 매우 낮아 안전하였으나 영농활동에 의한 영향으로 볼 수 있는 농도수준 이 검출된 일부 토양에서 조사되었다. 따라서 최근의 친환경농업 측면으로 볼 때 영농형태 별 중금속의 분포 및 농업자재에 의한 농경지내 중금속 부하량에 근거하여 중금속 오염유무 를 평가할 수 있는 판단기준에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. Objectives of this study were to monitor the distribution of heavy metals, to compare extractable heavy metal with total content and to investigate the relationships between soil physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in orchard soil. sampling sites were 48 in Gyeonggi, 36 in Gangwon, 36 in Chungbuk, and 44 in Chungnam. Soils were collected form two depths, 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm (here after referred to as upper and lower layers) from March to May in 1998. Total contents of heavy metal in soils were analyzed by ICP-OES after acid digestion (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O₂) whereas extractable contents were measured after successive extraction of 0.1 N-HCl, 0.05 M-EDTA, and 0.005 M-DTPA. Mercury was analysed by mercury atomizer. The average contents of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the extractant with 0.1 N-HCl at upper layer were 0.080, 4.23, and 3.42 ㎎/㎏, respectively. As content in the extractant with 1 N-HCl was 0.44 ㎎/㎏, and total contents of 20, Ni, and Hg were 78.9, 16.1, and 0.052 ㎎/㎏, respectively. m e ratios of concentrations of heavy metals to threshold values (Cd 1.5, Cu 50, Pb 100, Zn 300, Ni 40, Hg 4 ㎎/㎏) in soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea (2001) were low in the range of 1/2.5-1/76.9 in orchard soils. The ratios of extractable heavy metal to total content ranged 5.4-9.21% for Cd, 27.9-47.8% for Cu, 12.6-21.8% for Pb, 15.8-203% for Zn, 5.3 -6.3% for Nii and 0.7 -3.6% for 2n, respectively. Cu and Pb contents in 0.05 M-EDTA extractable solution were higher than those in the other extractable solution. Total contents of Cd, Ni, and Ni in soils were negatively correlated with sand content, but positively correlated with silt and clay contents. Ratios of extractable heavy metal to total content were negatively correlated with clay content, but Zn and Ni contents were positively correlated with soil pH, organic matter, and available phosphorous. Therefore, the orchard soil was safe because the heavy metal contents of orchard soil were very low as compared to its threshold value in the Soil Environmental Conservation. Act However, it need to consider the input of agricultural materials to the agricultural land for farming practices for assessment of heavy metals.

활동혈압에 의한 Cicletanine의 강압효과 판정

정태기,김현대,류재춘,최석구,유원상 인제대학교 1993 仁濟醫學 Vol.14 No.4

Prostaglandin 합성을 촉진하는 새로운 강압약인 cicletanine의 강압효과를 진료실 혈압과 24시간 활동혈압으로 평가했을 때 상당한 차이를 보여 그 이유를 검토해 보았다. To evaluate antihypertensive effect of cicletanine with both clinic and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 10 male hypertensive patients were administered cicletanine, a new antihypertensive stimulating prostaglandin synthesis, in 100∼200 mg daily for 12 weeks. The following were the results. 1.Mean of clinic BP decreased from 161/98 mmHg to 153/98 mmHg. 2.Mean of ambulatory BP changed from 140/91 mmHg to 153/99 mmHg. 3.Side reactions were mild, namely indigestion and constipation. 4.Discrepancy between clinic and ambulatory BP were discussed. In conclusion cicletanine revealed slight antihypertensive effect with clinic blood pressure, but failed to confirm it with ambulatory blood pressure.

흉골 골절의 의의에 관한 임상적 연구

원형섭,황성연,박정배,이준형,박철완,이근 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

It has been known that sternal fracture increases the risk of potentially life-threatening injuries, such as myocardial, pulmonary, and thoracic vascular injuries, and it has 25% to 45% of mortality, primarily resulting from these underlying injuries. The authors reviewed retrospectively the medical records and radiographic findings of the patients who admitted with sternal fracture at Chung Ang Gil Hospital from 1 June 1994 to 31 December 1995 to evaluate the significance and clinical course of sternal fracture. The results were followings: 1. The male to female ratio was 3:2 and the mean age was 43.1 and 45.4 years old in male and female, respectively. 2. Motor vehicle occupant accident was the most common cause of sternal fracture. 3. Of 33 cases, there was no death, but common associated injuries which were rib fracture, hemothorax, lung contusion, vertebral fracture, penumothorax, long bone fracture, myocardial contusion, flail chest, facial chest, facial bone fracture, and pericardial effusion, in order. 4. The clinical course of sternal fracture was determined primarily by associated injuries except for communited sternal fracture. 5. The patients with isolated sternal fracture, who had an otherwise normal chest x-ray, normal electrocardiogram, no other significant associated injuries and are hemodynamically stable, had a benign clinical course.

정신분열병 환자의 신경인지 결함의 특성

정성원,김희철,김정범 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.2

Objective : This study compared the neurocognitive functions between schizophrenic patients and normal controls by verbal fluency test, auditory verbal learning test, and Vienna computerized neuropsychological test. Method : The subjects were 19 schizophrenic patients who were hospitalized in Keimyung University Medical Center from February 2001 to July 2001, and were diagnosed as schizophrenia by the DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria. They were all clinically stable and cooperative patients whose drug dosages were not changed at least for 2 weeks. Twenty normal controls were all healthy volunteers who were matched in sex and age to patients group. The cinical symptoms of schizophrenic patients were evaluated with the PASS and BPRS. Results : The neurocognivite functions of schizophrenic group were impaired in verbal fluency, auditory verbal learning test, continuous attention test, perseveration test, standard progressive matrix, reaction text, Corsi block taping test, visual pursuit test, and cognitrone. The performance of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was not impaired in schizophrenic group. In schizophrenic group, the positive PANSS scores had no relation with any other neurocognitive test, however the negative and general PANSS scores had relation with verbal fluency test, auditory verbal learning test, standard progressive matrices, visual pursuit test, and cognitrone. Conclusions : There results suggest that the schizophrenic patients have more pervasive neurocognitive deficits and the negative symptoms are related with neurocognitive deficits.