高麗 詩歌의 硏究

宋永俊 圓光大學校大學院 1985 學位論叢 Vol.15 No.-

The aim of this dissertation is to inquire into the Korean poetic songs made or sung in Koryo period, and to reveal the names, the classification, the form and the transition process of genre for the Korean poetic songs via philological, empirical, and other methods. It seems that the re were lots of poetic songs in Koryo Period. However, the works which were handed down up to now are onl y 13 pieces of Hyang-ga, 16 pieces of Koryo-kayo and a few pieces of Sijo. Because there were no Korean letter to write freely at that time, and besides. the intellectuals of that period regarded poetic songs made in Korean language as something vulgar. I include even those works not remaining today into the subject matter of the study. The consequences of the study can be summarized as follows. 1) It is erroneous to say that Hyang-ga had already disappeared in Koryo period, as many scholars contend. For there had been writers and works of Hyang-ga until later Koryo period. (2- 2) Therefore I think that Hyang- ga had been sung until later Koryo period. 2) No agreement has yet been made on the origin of Si-jo among scholars, but I think that Hyang- ga was changed into Si-jo. I have the opinion that after the transition, Si-jo exist ed together with Hyang- ga by the end of Koryo period. For it is proved that original form of Si-jo is to be found out of "Silla Choyongga" part in "Koryo Choyongga."(2--3--3, 2-3-4) 3) Korean poetic songs in Koryo period have bee. named variously such as "Sokga," "Sok-yo," "Kyong-gi-chega," "Kyong-gi-hayoga" etc. But these names don't represent the characteristics of Korean poetic songs in Koryo in full measure. (3-1) 4) Korean poetic songs are characterized by "refrain." If a song has a refrain, it continues in several stanzas, and if not, it ends in one stanza. I call the former "Yon- ga" ( continuing song), the latter, Hyang- ga.(3-1-6) 5) Many scholars have called Korean poetic songs as "Sok-ga" or "Kyong-gi-chega," but I regard them as "Yon- ga." Because they are connected in several stanzas followed by "refrain."(3-1-6) 6) Instead, such poetic songs as "Samo-kok", "Lees ang- kok" and "Man jonchun-Byolsa" are all Hyang- ga. Because they end in one stanza without refrain. (2-2-1) 7) Refrains can form a verse. And one-retrain-verse developed into two, three-and four- refrain verse. In practice. however, examples of three- or four-verse refrains are very rare.(3-3) 8) I put emphasis on "refrain." Based on the principle of unity, refrain is the standard by which all Korean poetic songs in Koryo period are classified. So Hyang- ga, Yon- ga and even so-called Sok- ga and Kyong- gi- chega can all be c1assified based on whether they have refrain or not and if they have refrain, they have one-refrain-verse or two-refrain-verse.(3-2) 9) Many scholars regard Korean poetic songs in Koryo period as either ballad or song of royal palace. But I think both forms of song were existed in that period. Part of ballads were sung in royal palace and the rest of them were sung by ordinary people, I think. By the way, In the course of ballad's introduction into royal palace, the words most probably have been changed ani must have been influenced by foreign music or songs. (And in this period, ballads are believed to have been considerably refined because of refrain.) (3-3-2) 10) In sum, Korean poetic songs made or sung in Koryo period can be classifie into the following two major categories. (1) Hyang-ga, ending in one stanza not followed by refrain. (2) Yon-ga, continuing in several stanzas followed by refrain. And Yon- ga in turn can be classified into two types of songs : (1) One-refrain-verse songs (so-called "Sok-ga") (2) Two-refrain-verse songs (so-called "Kyong- gi- chega) In this sense, in concluding remarks, the history of Korean poetic songs in Koryo period should be written in renewal. (4)

아동기에 주의력결핍 과잉행동증상을 경험한 성인의 정신병리와 기질 성격 요인

송열매(Yul-Mai Song),이건석(Kounseok Lee),한덕현(Doug Hyun Han),이영식(Young Sik Lee),민경준(Kyung Joon Min),박진영(Jin Young Park),김준원(Jun Won Kim) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2013 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives:The objective of this study is to find out the differences in psychopathology, temperament, and character factors between young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods:The subjects consisted of 314 university students (male=72, female=242) in Gongju. They were divided into childhood ADHD group (N=54) and normal group (N=260) to the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Participants were assessed using Korean Adult ADHD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kimberly Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Paranoia Scale, Korean-Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, spearman correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to analyze the data. Results:Participants with childhood ADHD symptoms had high level of adult ADHD symptoms (p<.001), impulsiveness(p=.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), internet addiction (p<.001), paranoia tendency (p<.001) and low level of selfesteem (p<.001) compared to normal group. Self-directedness (p<.001) was lower, Harm avoidance (p=.001) and Self-transcendence (p=.029) were higher in the childhood ADHD group. In correlation and stepwise multiple regression, childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with cooperativeness (r=-0.515 and β=-0.547, p<.001 respectively). Conclusion:This result showed that young adults with childhood ADHD symptoms had various forms of psychopathology and childhood ADHD symptoms were influenced by character such as cooperativeness. Therefore, more thorough evaluation regarding childhood ADHD symptoms is needed.

Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

고령자 급성 췌장염의 임상적 고찰

백용한,서정훈,송건훈,이진헌,송시영,정재복,강진경,박인서,이수진 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

광주 한국무용의 발달과 대중화 방안

송준영,김미숙,전미령 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1998 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.9 No.-

To recover humanity, forfeited by development of material civilization inconsequence of high growth of economy with harmony of nature and to create a spiritually affluent society and culture, importance of dance is increasing. The present study examined development process of Korean Folk Dance and presents plans for popularization of Korean Folk Dance to develope and revitalize Korean Folk Dance. To develope and popularize Korean folk Dance, we need following plans. 1. Extending and renovating the educational system. 2. Categorizing traditional dances and using repertory system. 3. Using mass-media and activating criticism. 4. Activating dance performance in little theaters and diversifying performance places.

어린이 김치 표준화에 대한 연구(1) : 어린이 김치의 담금법 개발 Development of the Preparation of Kimchi for the Children

송영옥,전영수,권명자,빈성미,김은희,문정원,김명 부산대학교 가정대학 1995 家政大學硏究報告 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is reporting the results of first trial for the standardization of children's kimchi in terms of brining standardization, development for the recipe ad pannel test for the children's kimchi. In order to develop the standard recipe for children's kimchi, our research team have visited kimchi factories, temples and houses located in Pusan and Kyung-Sang Nam Do province. Three kinds of chinese cabbage kimchi (hamyang, haeundae, and jinrae kimchi named by region where we collected) which got the top three highest score in panel testing was selected. The original recipes of these kimchi were sightly modified to prepared the kimchi at laboratory. Among three of them, hamyang kimchi which contained dried anchovy power was selected as a model kimchi for development of the children's kimchi recipe. We find out that the optimal salt concentration of brined cabbage and kimchi for the children's kimchi (sliced style kimchi, approximately 2.5X3cm a piece) that showed the hightest pennel score were approximately 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The salt concentration of brined cabbage became 1.5, 1.43, and 1.60% after 60 min at 10% brining solution, 45 min at 12% and 30 min at 15%, respectively. The developed recipe used for the children's kimchi at our team is as follows. The major ingredients used for the preparation of kimchi is brined sliced chinese cabbage (salt concentration is 1.5%) 1kg galic 11g, ginger 5.0g, red pepper powder 20.0g, fermented anchovy juice 25.0g, fermented shrimp juice 5.0g dried anchovy and sea weed extracts 30.0g, anchovy power 2.4g glutinious rice gel 40.0g, starch syrup, 10.0g, and apple juice 22.5g. The total acceptability test of developed children's kimchi (test kimchi) was carried out with 84 of 6th grade student during lunch time at elementary school in Pusan where has a school lunch program. Sixty nine percent of student answered test kimchi is very good, 25% of them said it is fair, and only 6% of students answered they didn't like test kimchil. However, for the kimchi supplied from school at lunch, 52% students answered the kimchi is good, 26% of them said it is fair, and 22% of them said they don't like school supplied kimchi. This result tells us that the test kimchi is better than school supplied kimchi and the test kimchi can be developed further as a children's kimchi.

소득작물 전후작지 적응 극단기성 벼 ‘중모 1032’

손영보,이종희,조준현,이지윤,오성환,송유천,박동수,박노봉,김상열,여운상,남민희,권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

하나로에서의 NTD 조사를 위한 중성자속 평탄화 장치의 최적화를 위한 예비분석

송영동,이헌주,이병택,전병진,김학노 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.1

NTD (Pieutron Transmutation Doping) method has several advantages of high resistivity and uniform doping in comparison with other method. To satisfy those conditions. the flux variations of radial and axial directions should be within ±5 % and ±1.7%. respectively. The NTD facility in HANARO is purposed to irradiate the silicon ingot of 60cm in height. Hence. the flux flattener will be designed for 60cm. In this paper. preliminary study for optimal design is showed and the flux distribution of axial direction is calculated using MCNP4B code. The results show that the flattener model can flatten the flux to 83% of total length.

하나로에서의 NTD조사를 위한 중성자속 평탄화 장치의 최적화를 위한 예비분석

송영동,이헌주,이병철,전병진,김학노 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.1

NTD(Neutron Transmutation Doping) method has several advantages of high resistivity and uniform doping in comparison with other method. To satisfy those conditions, the flux variations of radial and axial directions should be within ±5% and ±1.7%. respectively. The NTD facility in HANARO is purposed to irradiate the silicon ingot of 60cm in height. Hence, the flux flattener will be designed for 60cm. In this paper, preliminary study for optimal design is showed and the flux distribution of axial direction is calculated using MCNP4B code. The results show that the flattener model can flatten the flux to 83% of total length.

운동선수의 체간부 등속성 근기능 및 유연성과 요통과의 관계

전종귀,박희근,송영민,조병준 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1

The relationships of the isokinetic muscle functions and the flexibility of body trunk to low back pain(LBP) were investigated in 16 female ahtletes aged 21.5 years. Some of them were suffering from LBP syndrome without clinical signs of lumbosacral nerve root irritation or compression. The isokinetic muscle functions of subject's body trunk were evaluated using Cybex770. The peak torques of trunk extensors and flexors were measured at 60˚ /sec, respectively. The powers and the total works of trunk extensors and flexors were measured at 180˚ /sec, respectively. The back strength and the trunk flexibility of the subjects were measured with dynamometer and flexormeter. The frequency scale, the visual analogue scale(VAS), and the verbal rating scale(VRS) of subject's LBP were evaluated by interview. The Pearson' Rs between the variables and their significances were calculated for statistical analysis. The coclusions were as follows. 1.The frequency of LBP in female athletes was once in four months. 2.The VAS(0-10) of LBP in female athletes was 2.62. 3.The VRS(1-7) of LBP in female athletes was 2.81(weak). 4.The significant negative correlations were observed between the frequency of LBP and the muscle mass, the trunk flexibility, and back strength of subject. 5.The weak correlations exist between the VAS of LBP and the age of subject, between the VRS of LBP and the trunk flexibility of subject. 6.There were not any significant correlations between the variables of LBP and the isokinetic muscle functions, and other physical and physiological variables.