치료 저항성 환청을 호소하는 정신분열병 환자에 대한 반복 경두개 자기자극(rTMS)과 전기충격요법(Modified ECT)의 연속적인 치료 경험 1례

권준수,전홍진,윤탁 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

정신분열병에서 치료에 반응하지 않으며 지속되는 환청은 환자에게 매우 불쾌한 감정을 유발할 수 있으며 환청의 내용에 따라 위험한 경우도 있다. 환청에 대한 기능적 뇌영상 연구 결과로 환청이 정상 청각경로의 비정상적인 활성으로 발생하며, 환청이 들리는 동안에 좌측 상부 측두엽 등이 활성화 된다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 본 증례에서는 항정신병 약물에 대한 치료 저항성 환청을 가진 35세 기혼 여자 환자에 대해서, 좌측 상부 측두엽을 국재화한 후 뇌의 국소적 자극이 가능한 Magstim 200장비와 Double cone shaped coil을 이용하여 1HZ slow wave 반복 경두개 자기자극(rTMS)을 가하였다. 항정신병 약물을 유지한 상태에서 최고 100pulse의 총 14회의 자극을 통해 환청의 주관적인 크기의 30% 감소와 정동의 호전을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반복 경두개 자기자극(rTMS)종료 2주 뒤에 추가적으로 시행된 9회의 전기충격요법(ECT)결과 환청이 빠른 속도로 완전히 소실되었다. 치료저항성 환자의 환청에 대한 치료효과는 rTMS보다 ECT가 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. The Persistent auditory hallucinations may provoke the uncomfortable feeling and be dangerous according to its contents in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Previous functional brain imaging studies on suditory hallucinations reported that the abnormal activations of the normal auditory pathway and the activations of the left upper temporal lobe were found while patients were hallucinationg voices. Base on the these findings, we treated a female schizophrenic patient with persistent auditory hallucinations that were treatment-refractory with rTMS and the ECT continuously while she was on the drug treatment. The total amount of pulses applied in each trial ranged from 240 to 1000pulses. Fourteen trials were done and resulted in decrease by 30% in the subject severity of auditory hallucinations and the improvement of the affect. Two weeks after the completion of rTMS trials, nine trials of ECT were administered which leaded to complete disappearance of auditory hallucinations. This result suggest that ECT is more effective than rTMS in treating persistent auditory hallucinations in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients.

하수슬러지를 이용한 복합소재 개발연구

연규석,권윤환,유근우,김남길,김동준,이윤수 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 하수 종말 처리에 의해 발생되는 하수 슬러지를 잔 골재(경량골재)로 사용하여, 폴리머 콘크리트를 제조하여 그 때의 역학적 성질에 대하여 검토하였다. 하수 슬러지는 5일간 110±5℃에서 수분함량 0.1%미만으로 건조한 후 파쇄하여 No.4∼No. 200 번체의 잔골재 표준 시방서 기준에 부합되도록 사용하였다. Pellet는 보통 회전pan에서 만드나, 본 실험에서는 수동으로 제조하였다. 제조한 하수 슬러지 경량 골재는 평균 겉보기 비중은 1.58(g/㎤), 단위용적중량은 1.98(t/㎥)으로 KS F 2534의 경량골재의 절건비중과 단위용적에 따른 분류에 의하면 중위급(medium weight) 경량골재에 속하는 것으로 측정되었다. 또한 잔 골재 중 하수 슬러지 경량 골재를 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%로 치환하여 그때의 압축, 휨, 인장강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 하수 슬러지의 증가에 따라 강도 감소를 보였으나, 일반 경량콘크리트 제조 또는 단열용 콘크리트 블록 제조에 사용이 가능하다고 사료된다. 그러므로 앞으로 건조수축, 크리이프 특성 및 내구성에 관한 연구가 더욱 심도 있게 이루어져야 폐자원인 하수 슬러지를 이용한 건자재의 개발이 가능하리라 판단된다. In this study, the polymer concrete was produced by using the lightweight aggregate that had been manufactured using the sewage sludge and its physical properties were experimentally examined. Experimental results show that when the portion of sewage sludge lightweight aggregate in the fine aggregate increases, slump values decreases. Also, the compressive, the flexural and the tensile strengths decrease when the portion of sewage sludge lightweight aggregate increases. Although its strengths decreases, the sewage sludge lightweight fine aggregates is thought to be used for construction materials.

Gitelman씨 증후군 1예

차영학,송명준,신요식,김성민,김영욱,김윤권,김소연,김영중,조민구,이권전 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.3

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 우연히 발견된 기종성 방광염 1례

박보민,김윤정,이영태,노정현,권수경,김동준,고경수,이병두,임경호,이순희,박정현 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Emphysematous cystitis is an uncommon disease in which bacterias produce gas within the bladder wall and surrounding tissue. Patients with diabetes, neurogenic bladder and chronic urinary tract infection are predisposed to the disease. It is usually caused by E.coli and Klebsiella. Severity of illness ranges from an asymtomatic condition to life threatening cystitis. Succesful management depends on early diagnosis with correction of underlying causes, administration of appropriate antibiotics, establishment of adequate bladder drainage and surgical excision of involved tissue when required. We report a case of 52-year-old woman who did not compain of symtoms of cystitis but epigastric pain, nausea, and vomitting. Emphysematous cystitis was revealed on the abdominal X-ray series incidentally. CT scans of the pelvis showed mottled gas bubble within the bladder. After treatment, the symtoms subsided and plain abdominal film showed no evidence of gas shadow in the pelvic cavity.

가스交煥過程을 包含하는 4行程 CI 機關의 Cycle Simulation

金重燁,金壽淵,權俊博,鄭仁基 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1985 연구보고 Vol.13 No.1

A comprehensive cycle simulation was developed to predict the performance of CI engine including intake and exhaust systems with variation of operating conditions and design factors. In this work, the gas-exchange model, compression and expansion model, single-zone combustion model and heat transfer model were used. In order to confirm the feasibility of the simulation program, the calculated results were compared with the experimental results. Pressure diagram, I.M.E.P. and S.F.C. by means of calculations showed acceptable quantitative agreement with the experimental data. A parametric study of the effect of variations in injection timing and inlet pressure was carried out. Therefore, the optimal design of CI engine will be possible by the cycle simulation using this program.

SD Rats를 이용 1-hexene의 흡입독성 연구

김현영,임철홍,정용현,이권섭,이성배,이준연,한정희,전윤석,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute (4 hours) and repeated-dose (6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 4 weeks) toxic effects of I -hexene on Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats which were treated by inhalation. The results were as follows; I. The median lethal concentration (LC_(50)) was estimated 52,694 ppm (confidence limit 95%; 49,494~55,447 ppm) in acute inhalation. Abnormal clinical signs related to the l-Hexene were not observed with the acute inhalation dose. Gross findings of necropsy revealed on evidence of specific toxicity related to the 1-hexene, II. By repeated inhalation exposure the body weight of male were more or less reduced by the dose of 2,500 ppm and 5,000 ppm compared with control group. However there were no significant variation hematology and blood biochemistry for the exposed rats compared with the control rats. Abnormal clinical signs and gross findings of necropsy related to the 1-hexene were not shown. In conclusion when we exposed I-hexene to SD rats for 4 weeks, 5 days per week, 6 hours per day, the Lowest observed effect level (LOEL) was over 2,500 ppm and Non observed effect level (NOEL) was below 500 ppm.

Erythrophagocytosis of Lead-Exposed Erythrocytes by Renal Tubular Cells: Possible Role in Lead-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Kwon, So-Youn,Bae, Ok-Nam,Noh, Ji-Yoon,Kim, Keunyoung,Kang, Seojin,Shin, Young-Jun,Lim, Kyung-Min,Chung, Jin-Ho U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2015 Environmental health perspectives Vol.123 No.2

<P>Background: Nephrotoxicity associated with lead poisoning has been frequently reported in epidemiological studies, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully described.</P><P>Objectives: We examined the role of erythrocytes, one of the major lead reservoirs, in lead-associated nephrotoxicity.</P><P>Methods and results: Co-incubation of lead-exposed human erythrocytes with HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cells resulted in renal tubular cytotoxicity, suggesting a role of erythrocytes in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Morphological and flow cytometric analyses revealed that HK-2 cells actively phagocytized lead-exposed erythrocytes, which was associated with phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization on the erythrocyte membrane and generation of PS-bearing microvesicles. Increased oxidative stress and up-regulation of nephrotoxic biomarkers, such as NGAL, were observed in HK-2 cells undergoing erythrophagocytosis. Moreover, TGF-β, a marker of fibrosis, was also significantly up-regulated. We examined the significance of erythrophagocytosis in lead-induced nephrotoxicity in rats exposed to lead via drinking water for 12 weeks. We observed iron deposition and generation of oxidative stress in renal tissues of lead-exposed rats, as well as the histopathological alterations such as tubulointerstitial lesions, fibrosis, and up-regulation of KIM-1, NGAL, and TGF-β.</P><P>Conclusions: Our data strongly suggest that erythrophagocytosis and subsequent iron deposition in renal tubular cells could significantly enhance nephrotoxicity following lead exposure, providing insight on lead-associated kidney damages.</P><P>Citation: Kwon SY, Bae ON, Noh JY, Kim K, Kang S, Shin YJ, Lim KM, Chung JH. 2015. Erythrophagocytosis of lead-exposed erythrocytes by renal tubular cells: possible role in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Environ Health Perspect 123:120–127; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408094</P>

c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Contributes to Norepinephrine-Induced Contraction Through Phosphorylation of Caldesmon in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle

Lee, Youn-Ri,Lee, Chang-Kwon,Park, Hyo-Jun,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Jae-Heung,Lee, Keun-Sang,Lee, Yun-Lyul,Min, Kyung-Ok,Kim, Bo-Kyung Korean Physical Therapy Science 2006 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Vascular smooth muscle contraction is mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, an isoform of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, the role of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in vascular smooth muscle contraction has not been defined. We investigated the role of JNK in the contractile response to norepinephrine (NE) in rat aortic smooth muscle. NE evoked contraction in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was inhibited by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. NE increased the phosphorylation of JNK, which was greater in aortic smooth muscle from hypertensive rats than from normotensive rats. NE-induced JNK phosphorylation was significantly inhibited by SP600125 and the conventional-type PKC (cPKC) inhibitor Go6976, but not by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Thymeleatoxin, a selective activator of cPKC, increased JNK phosphorylation, which was inhibited by $G{\ddot{o}}6976$. SP600125 attenuated the phosphorylation of caldesmon, an actin-binding protein whose phosphorylation is increased by NE. These results show that JNK contributes to NE-mediated contraction through phosphorylation of caldesmon in rat aortic smooth muscle, and that this effect is regulated by the PKC pathway, especially cPKC.

Protective efficacy of baculovirus-derived influenza virus-like particles bearing H5 HA alone or in combination with M1 in chickens

Choi, Jun-Gu,Kim, Min-Chul,Kang, Hyun-Mi,Kim, Kwang-Il,Lee, Kyu-Jun,Park, Choi-Kyu,Kwon, Jun-Hun,Kim, Jae-Hong,Lee, Youn-Jeong Elsevier 2013 Veterinary microbiology Vol.162 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Since 2003, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has become a serious problem in animals and an increasing threat to public health. To develop effective vaccines for H5 HPAI in chickens, virus-like particles (VLP) were produced using a baculovirus expression system. The particles comprised hemagglutinin (HA) alone (HA-VLP) or HA in combination with a matrix protein (M1; HAM-VLP) derived from a recent clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 HPAI virus. To compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these VLPs, 10μg HAM-VLP, the equivalent amounts of HA incorporated HA-VLP or whole inactivated virus (WIV), were emulsified with mineral oil and used to immunize chickens. The serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody levels induced by HA-VLP and HAM-VLP were comparable to WIV. Antibodies to nucleoprotein were detected only in the WIV group. Immunized chickens in each group survived and were protected against a lethal homologous virus challenge, showing no clinical signs of infection. The challenge virus was detected intermittently in some oropharyngeal swabs, but not in cloacal swabs or various organs, which means that VLPs and WIV provide protection against systemic but not local virus replication in chickens. After the challenge, the HA-VLP group showed significantly increased serum antibody levels compared to the HAM-VLP and WIV groups, and some chickens in the HA-VLP group seroconverted with respect to nucleoprotein. Taken together, these results suggest that VLPs may be an effective method for controlling HPAI in chickens. They could be applied to a differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy. In addition, it is likely that HAM-VLP is more efficacious than HA-VLP in chickens.</P>

Genome wide DNA methylation analysis of chromo methylase CMT3 and E3 sumo ligase AtSIZ1 mutants.

Do Youn Kim,Ye-Jin Kwon,Sung-il Kim,Jun Soo Kwak,Min Kim,Jong Tae Song,Hak Soo Seo 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

Gene expression is regulated by DNA and histone methylation by DNA and histone methyltransferases, respectively. In animal system, DNA methyltransferase with CG methylation activity is modified by SUMO conjugation and then its activity was increased, which means that the activity of DNA methyltransferase is modulated by posttranslational modification. so Chromatin remodeling is a new concept for expression of controlling of gene function. We thus analyzed the effect of E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1 in CMT3 (chromometnylase 3)-mediated genome methylation by next-generation sequencing (NGS), methyl binding domain MeDIP-sequencing and gene analysis using siz1-2 and cmt3 mutants. we carried out CG-enrich analysis by MeDIP sequencing revealed that the methylation level of the genome including transposons was significantly low in siz1-2 mutants compared to wild-type. Result showed the genes regulated by methylation, that genes related of embryo and root development, cellulose metabolism, and post-translational modifications. All of our data indicate that the methyltransfearse activity of CMT3 may be able to be regulated by AtSIZ1 and thereby CMT3-mediated gene expression and plant development also can be controlled by E3 SUMO ligase activity. Besides, our data also suggest that ammonium (NH4+) can stimulate AtSIZ1- and CMT3- mediated DNA methylation.